Information gathering and sharing between agencies is critical for preventing threats like terrorism, yet involvement of classified information makes studying the relationship between information science and intelligence work difficult. The document discusses the differences between information and intelligence, the intelligence cycle of collecting, analyzing and using information to produce finished intelligence for policymakers, and various types of intelligence including current, estimative, warning, research, and scientific/technical intelligence. It concludes by recommending better information retrieval and an understanding of information science to provide timely intelligence while reducing pressure on analysts.

1. Information Gathering in Intelligence Agencies Norazlinda Binte Abdul Rahim [email_address] “ THE REASON THE ENLIGHTENED PRINCE AND THE WISE GENERAL CONQUER THE ENEMY. . .AND THEIR ACHIEVEMENTS SURPASS THOSE OF ORDINARY MEN IS FOREKNOWLEDGE. FOREKNOWLEDGE. . .MUST BE OBTAINED FROM MEN WHO KNOW THE ENEMY SITUATION.” Sun Tzu, The Art of War 500 BC

8. The Intelligence Cycle Figure 1. The Intelligence Cycle (Central Intelligence Agency, 2007) includes the identifying of relevant data or threats to enable the delivery of the intelligence end product to the policy makers collecting raw and unassessed information from variety of sources information is then converted into a form instrumental to the intelligence analysts. raw information is assessed by analysts. Analysts combine fragments of information from different sources into intelligible reports. distribution of the end-product to the policymakers marks the attainment of the finished intelligence

9. Information Gathering from Sources Table 4 Intelligence Production Resources