4. Do Organizations Have Uniform
Cultures?
• A dominant culture expresses the core
values that are shared by a majority of the
organization’s members
• A multiculture is Minicultures within the
organization, typically defined by
department designations and geographical
separations
15-4
5. Strong vs. Weak Cultures
• In a strong culture, the organization’s core
values are both intensely held and widely
shared
• Core values are primary
and dominant values that
are accepted through out
the organization
15-5
7. Culture vs. formalization
• The stronger an organizational culture, the
less management need to be concerned
with developing formalization
15-7
8. Culture as a Liability
• Barriers to change
• Barriers to diversity
• Barriers to acquisition and mergers
15-8
9. How a Culture Begins
• Culture is created in three ways:
 Founders hire and keep those who think and
feel the same way they do
 They indoctrinate and socialize these
employees to their way of thinking and feeling
 Their behavior acts as a role model
encouraging employees to identify with them
15-9
10. Keeping a Culture Alive
• Selection – seek out those who would fit in
• Top Management – Senior executives
establish norms of behavior through what
they say and do
• Socialization – process that adapts
employees to the organization culture
15-10
13. How Employees Learn Culture
•
•
•
•
Stories
Rituals
Material Symbols
Language
15-13
14. Managing Cultural Change
• Cultural change is most likely to take when
the following conditions exist:




Dramatic crisis exists or is created
Turnover
Young and small organization
Weak culture
15-14
15. Creating an Ethical
Organizational Culture
•
•
•
•
Be a visible role model
Communicate ethical expectations
Provide ethical training
Visibly reward ethical acts and punish
unethical ones
• Provide protective mechanisms
15-15
16. Managerial Action to Make Culture
More Customer Responsive
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Selection
Training
Structural design
Empowerment
Leadership
Performance evaluation
Reward systems
15-16
17. Implications for Managers
• Create the culture you want when the
organization is small
• If established culture needs to be changed,
expect it to take years
15-17