1. Part Three: Sound, Rhythm, Meter

2. Sound

Rhyme
 Matching of sounds in two or more words
 End Rhyme
○ Corresponding sounds at the end of lines
 Internal Rhyme
○ Corresponding sounds occur within the lines

3. From “The Raven”
by Edgar Allan Poe
“Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered
weak and weary,
Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten
lore --While I nodded nearly napping, suddenly there came
a tapping,
As some one gently tapping, rapping at my chamber
door.
“ „Tis some visitor,” I muttered, “tapping at my
chamber door --Only this and nothing more.”

4. 
Perfect/Exact Rhyme
 Rhyming words share corresponding sounds
and stresses, similar number of syllables
 “Weary” and “dreary”; “lore” and “door”

Imperfect/Approximate/Slant Rhyme
 “dizzy” and “easy”

Feminine Rhyme
 Final syllable of a rhymed word is
unstressed

Masculine Rhyme
 Final syllable of rhymed word is stressed

5. Rhythm and Meter

Rhythm
 Regular occurrence of accent or stress in
poem or song
 “JACK and JILL went UP the HILL”

Meter
 Measure or patterned count of a line
 Count of stresses in a poem‟s rhythm

6. Meter

Foot
 Unit of poetic meter
 Iambic
○ iamb
○ Unstressed syllable followed by an accented one
○ “preVENT” “conTAIN”
 Trochaic
○ Trochee
○ Accented syllable followed by unaccented one
○ “FOOTball” “LANGuage”

7. 
Foot
 Anapestic
○ Anapest
○ Two unaccented syllables followed by an
accented one
○ “com-pre-HEND”
 Dactylic
○ Dactyl
○ Accented syllable followed by two unaccented
ones
○ “CHEER-ful-ly”

8. 
Foot
 Spondee
○ Two accented syllables together
○ “KNICK-KNACK”
 Pyrrhic
○ Two unaccented syllables
○ “of the”
 Both can serve as the subsitute feet for
iambic and trochaic feet
 Cannot be the metrical norm for a poem

9. 
Rising Meter
 Move from unaccented to accented
 Iambic and anapestic

Falling Meter
 Move from accented to unaccented
 Dactylic and trochaic

10. Lines of Poetry
Named based on numbers of feet in the
line
 Tetrameter, pentameter, monometer, etc.


11. Foot
Meter
Example
Rising feet
iamb
Anapest
iambic
anapestic
Prevent
comprehend
Falling feet
Trochee
Dactyl
Trochaic
Dactylic
Football
Cheerfully
Substitute
Spondee
Pyrrhic
Spondaic
Pyrrhic
Knick-knack
(light) of the
(world)

12. Number of Feet Per Line
One foot
Monometer
Two feet
Dimeter
Three feet
Trimeter
Four feet
Tetrameter
Five feet
Pentameter
Six feet
Hexameter
Seven feet
Heptameter
Eight feet
octameter

13. 
Enjambed
 Run-on lines that may confuse the
observation of meter and rhythm

Metrical Variation
 Change in meter to avoid monotony