1. Elements of Fiction Part Two

2. Point of View Who is telling the story? Narrator vs. author Objective Detached observer Does not participate in action Third-person Similar to objective, but does in fact allow access to character consciousness First person Narrator participates directly in action of story

3. Point of View (cont’d) Omniscient Narrator is all-knowing Controls how information is revealed to reader Limited omniscient All-knowing but only about a few characters

4. Point of ViewPoints to Remember How does the point of view affect our relationship with the characters? How does point of view influence our response? Narrator’s reliability

5. Language & Style Style Verbal identity of the author Created through a varied use of language Language techniques Diction (word choices) Syntax (order of words) Figurative language (simile, metaphor, personification, etc.)

6. Theme Idea or point of the story Related to all elements of fiction Theme is constructed through plot, setting, character, language, etc. Is their only one possible theme?

7. Irony Appears in fiction in: Language Incidents/events Point of view Contrast between what is meant and what happens/what is expected to happen

8. Types of irony Verbal irony Often appears as sarcasm Saying one thing, but meaning another Irony of circumstance Discrepancies between what seems to be and what is Discrepancies between what is expected and what actually happens Dramatic Irony Discrepancies between what characters know and what readers know

9. Symbol Objects, actions, events that convey meaning Usually meaning beyond literal significance Can appear in figurative language

10. Identifying symbolism What is the importance of the object? Frequency of appearance? When does it appear? Does the story seem to hint that there is more than just a literal aspect? Does the symbolic interpretation make sense? What objections might be raised about that symbolic interpretation?