The document outlines 5 key elements of effective e-learning: learner-centeredness, interaction, social presence, collaboration, and cognitive strategies. It discusses each element in terms of its importance and implications for teachers, such as developing resources, facilitating discussion, and structuring interactions into online courses. Learner-centeredness emphasizes engaging learners as active participants with ownership over their learning. Interaction develops social presence and allows for collaboration between students, teachers, and course content. Social presence involves portraying oneself as a real person through online discussion and interaction. Collaboration facilitates the development of critical thinking skills. Cognitive strategies help learners scaffold complex concepts using tools like videos and animations.

1. Critical elements of e-learning Nathaniel Louwrens http://www.flickr.com/photos/paulm/

2. 5 Key elements Gunawardena & Zittle (1996) Learner-centeredness Interaction Social presence Collaboration Cognitive strategies http://www.flickr.com/photos/mmarchin/

3. Learner-centeredness Learner Not a passive recipient Is an active participant Has ownership http://www.flickr.com/photos/jo-h/

4. Learner-centeredness Implications for Teacher Develop resources Facilitate discussion Encourage criticalthinking http://www.flickr.com/photos/mc_sensei/

5. Interaction Develops social presence Begins collaboration Types Student-content Student-teacher Student-student http://www.flickr.com/photos/36978292@N08/

6. Interaction Implications for teacher Structure interactions into course Familiarity with communication tools Troubleshooter Mediator and/or counsellor http://www.flickr.com/photos/ableman/

7. Social presence Portrayed as a ‘real’ person Through discussion & interaction Relationship with perceived learning Key to success http://www.flickr.com/photos/vrider/

8. Social presence Implications for teacher Teacher presence Safe environment Give prompt responses/feedback Planned interactions Interactive and collaborativeactivities http://www.flickr.com/photos/karlhorton

9. Collaboration Development of shared understanding of concepts. Development of critical thinking and interpersonal skills. http://www.flickr.com/photos/irievibrations/

10. Collaboration Implication for teachers Need to have skills with arange of communication/conferencing tools. Specific interactionsstructured into learning. Facilitate/guide thelearning http://www.flickr.com/photos/mikecogh

11. Cognitive strategies Help learners to scaffoldcomplex concepts Steps/strategies to enablea learner to performdifficult tasks Strategies include usingvideo clips & animations. http://www.flickr.com/photos/qilin/

12. Cognitive strategies Implications for teachers Familiarity with content Good understandingof the strategy Expertise in online tools. http://www.flickr.com/photos/atoach

13. References Garrison, D. R. (2007). Online community of inquiry review: Social, cognitive and teaching presence issues. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 11(1). Garrison, D. R., & Cleveland-Innes, M. (2005). Facilitating cognitive presence in online learning: Interaction is not enough. American Journal of Distance Education, 19(3), 133. Gunawardena, C. N., & Zittle, R. (1996). An examination of teaching and learning processes in distance education and implications for designing instruction. Paper presented at the Distance Education Symposium 3: Instruction, State College, PA. Rovai, A. P. (2004). A constructivist approach to online college learning. The Internet and Higher Education, 7(2), 79-93. doi: 10.1016/j.iheduc.2003.10.002