Spock

@nklmish
Spock  
Testing made groovy!!
Quality is not an act, it is a habit
@nklmish

@nklmish
Agenda
What
Basic & advanced features
(hopefully enough to get you
started)
Hands on labs.

@nklmish
About me
Senior Software Engineer, Consultant and
architect around JVM technology.
Speaker
Blog - http://nklmish.me
Slideshare- http://slideshare.net/nklmish

@nklmish
Spock…
Brings best practises(Junit, Jmock, RSpec) under one
umbrella.
Testing & specification framework
Based on Groovy
Makes testing fun (readable & compact code)
Enterprise ready
Compatible (IDEs, continuous integration services & build
tools)
Groovy goodies

@nklmish
Hello world spec.
Every specification must extend spock sepcification
Your specification name
class PersonSpec extends spock.lang.Speciﬁcation { 
def “should increment adam's annual salary by 10%"() { 
given: 
Person adam = new Person() 
adam.setSalary(50_000) 
when: 
adam.grantAnnualBonus(“10%”)

then:

adam.annualSalary() == 55_000 
} 
}

Feature method
Spock blocks

@nklmish
Multiple assertions
Multiple assertions (if any of these condition is false then test will fail)
class PersonSpec extends spock.lang.Speciﬁcation { 
given: 
when: 

then:

adam.annualSalary() == 55_000

adam.isAnnualBonusGranted() //assume it returns true

!adam.isMonthlyBonusGranted() //assume it return false 
} 
}

@nklmish
Instance fields e.g.
Instance field
class PersonSpec extends spock.lang.Speciﬁcation {

given: 
when: 

then:



} 
}

@nklmish
Instance fields
No sharing b/w feature methods =>
Every feature method get its own
object

@nklmish
What If I want to share an
object b/w feature
methods?

@nklmish
Use @Shared
field that can be shared b/w ALL test methods

@Shared Person adam = new Person() 
given: 
when: 

then:



} 
}

@nklmish
Shared fields
Allows to share an object.
Useful when object creation is
expensive

@nklmish
But what about static
keyword to share an object
?

@nklmish
static keyword
Use it to share constant values for
e.g. static final FOO = 123
“@Shared” has well defined sharing
semantics over “static”

@nklmish
Setup/given
given -> alias for ‘setup’ -> you can
put some code that performs setup
work
Non repeatable

@nklmish
setup/given e.g.
setup block for a given test method
class LoanSpec extends spock.lang.Speciﬁcation {

@Shared Cache<Integer, Loan> cache = …// 

def “should ﬁnd loan for a valid loan id"() { 
setup:

Loan someLoan = new Loan() 
cache.put(5, someLoan)

//…..

}

def “should be able to create a new loan"() { 
setup: 
Loan loan = new Loan()

//…..

} 
}

@nklmish
cleanup
Non repeatable
Runs no matter what( i.e. runs even
if feature method has thrown an
exception)

@nklmish
cleanup e.g.
cleanup block for a given test method

@Shared Cache<Integer, Loan> cache = …// 

def “should ﬁnd loan for a valid loan id"() {

setup:


 
cleanup: 
cache.remove(5)

//…..

} 
}

@nklmish
When, then & expect
when -> contains arbitrary code
then -> restricted to boolean conditions
(assertions), exceptions, interactions &
variable definitions.
expect -> restricted to boolean conditions
and variable definitions.
Note : For purely functional methods “expect”,
for side effect methods “when-then”.

@nklmish
E.g.
def “should be able to store elements into the cache” () {
when:
then:
cache.size() == 1
}
def “should be able to count all elements from the cache” () {
expect:
cache.count() == 10
}
def “should not be able to create a loan with negative amount” () {
when:
Loan loan = new Loan(amount:-100)
then:
IllegalArgumentException ex = thrown()
ex.message == ‘Loan can only be create with amount > 0’
}

@nklmish
Assertion Helper
methoddef "should increment adam's annual salary by 10%"() { 
given: 
and: 
 
when: 
adam.grantBonus(10) 
 
then: 
adam.annualSalary() == 55_000.0
adam.gotBonus()
adam.isHappy()
adam.isChiefExecutive()
}

@nklmish
Assertion Helper method
def "should increment adam's annual salary by 10%"() { 
given: 
and: 
 
when: 
 
then: 
isBonusPaid(adam, 10_00_000)
}
boolean isBonusPaid(Person person, BigDecimal expectedSalary) { 
person.annualSalary() == expectedSalary &&
person.gotBonus() &&
person.isHappy() &&
person.isChiefExecutive()
}
Note: We lost descriptive error message :(

@nklmish
Assertion Helper method
def "should increment adam's annual salary by 10%"() { 
given: 
and: 
adam.setSalary(50_000)
 
when: 
 
then: 
isBonusPaid(adam, 10_00_000)
}
void isBonusPaid(Person person,
BigDecimal expectedSalary) { 
assert person.annualSalary() == expectedSalary
assert person.gotBonus()
assert person.isHappy()
assert person.isChiefExecutive()
We have our descriptive message!!

@nklmish
setup/cleanup at the
beginning/end of life cycle

@nklmish
E.g.
“quiet = true” => don't report exceptions . (default is true)
“value” => method name to invoke on
annotated object (default is ‘close’)
Note : @Autocleanup can also be used on instance fields

@AutoCleanup(quiet = true, value = “closeConnection”)

@Shared

private Database db

setupSpec() {

db.populate() //load test data

}

setup: 
cache.load()

//…..

cleanup:

cache.clear() 
} 
}

@nklmish
Textually rich
blocks
def "should find customer for a valid customer id"() {
given: 'an existing customer'
def customer = new Customer(firstName: "Joe", dateOfBirth: now())
when: 'we request for customer with a valid id'
def response = mockMvc.perform(get("/api/customers/1"))
then: 'we should receive client details'
1 * customerService.find(1) >> Optional.of(customer)
and:
response.status == 200
}
and label can be used at any top-level

@nklmish
@Requires
import spock.util.environment.OperatingSystem;


@Shared OperatingSystem os = OperatingSystem.newInstance() 
@Requires({env.containsKey(“HASH_KEY_TO_AUTHENTICATE”)})

def “should verify authentication token"() { 
}

 
@Requires({os.isWindows() || isLegacyUser() })

def “should be able to authenticate via window’s credentials"() { 
}

static boolean isLegacyUser() {//…} 
}

Run test ONLY if given condition(s) is/are met

@nklmish
Data pipes
class HelloDataTableSpec extends spock.lang.Speciﬁcation { 
def "total characters in name"() { 
expect: 
name.trim().size() == totalChars 
 
where: 
name << ["Joe "," doe"," hello "] 
totalChars << [3, 3, 5] 
}

}

Data pipes connects data variable to data provider
Data provider : Any iterable object in groovy
(including csv and sql rows)

@nklmish
Data tables, syntactic sugar
class HelloDataTableSpec extends spock.lang.Speciﬁcation
{ 
def “should count total number of alphabets in
name"() { 
expect: 
 
where: 
name || totalChars 
"Joe " || 3 
" doe" || 3 
" hello " || 5 
} 
}

@nklmish
Data tables failure
reporting
def “should count total number of alphabets in name"() { 
expect: 
 
where: 
"Joe " || 3 
" doe" || 3 
" hello " || 50 
} 
}

Can we do better ?

@nklmish
Yes, using unroll
@Unroll

def “should count total number of alphabets in #name”() { 
expect: 
 
where: 
"Joe " || 3 
" doe" || 3 
" hello " || 50 
} 
}

@nklmish
Ignoring tests
@Ignore
IgnoreRest
@IgnoreIf

@nklmish
@Ignore
@Ignore(“don’t run any test in this speciﬁcation”)

{

name"() { 
expect: 
 
where: 
"Joe " || 3 
" doe" || 3 
" hello " || 5 
} 
}

@nklmish
@Ignore
{ 
@Ignore(“don’t run only this speciﬁc test”)

name"() { 
expect: 
 
where: 
"Joe " || 3 
" doe" || 3 
" hello " || 5 
} 
}

@nklmish
@IgnoreRest
def “It will be ignored”() {…}
@IgnoreRest
def “It will run”() {…}

@nklmish
@IgnoreIf
def “I will run no matter what”() {…}
@IgnoreIf(os.isWindows())
def “I ll not run on windows”() {…}

@nklmish
Spock Mocking
Uses:
JDK dynamic proxies for mocking interfaces.
CGLIB proxies for mocking classes
Mock objects are lenient by default (default behaviour
can be overridden via stubbing)
Default returns values are false, 0 or null (except
Object.toString/hashCode/equals)
Note : Mock can be used for both mocking and stubbing
whereas stubs can be used only for stubbing!!!

@nklmish
Mocking E.g.
class LoanSpec extends spock.lang.Specification {
LoanManager loanManager = new LoanManager()
ValidatorManager validatorManager = Mock(ValidatorManager)
RepositoryManager repoManager = Mock(RepositoryManager)
//…
}

@nklmish
Interaction E.g.
LoanManager loanManager = new LoanManager(validatorManager : validatorManager,
repositoryManager: repoManager)
def "should consult with validator manager and repository manager before saving a new loan application"() {
given:
Loan someLoan = new Loan()
when:
loanManager.save(someLoan)
then:
1 * validatorManager.validate(someLoan)
1 * repoManager.save(someLoan)
}
}
cardinality (how many method calls are expected)
target constraint (mock object)
method constraint (method you are interested in)
argument constraint (expected method argument)

@nklmish
Invocation order
def "should consult with validator manager and repository manager before saving a new loan application"() {
when:
then:
then:
1 * repoManager.save(someLoan)
}
}

@nklmish
Detecting Mock Obj
def "should consult with validator manager before saving a new loan application"() {
when:
then:
new MockDetector().isMock(validatorManager)
}
}
You can get more info using MockDetector, like name, type, etc

@nklmish
Stub
When you are ONLY interested in
returning some value in respond to
particular method call OR want to
perform side effect.

@nklmish
Stubbing
ValidatorManager validatorManager = Stub(ValidatorManager)
def setup() {
validatorManager.validate(_) >> true
}
}
Note: this will always return true whenever
validatorManager.validate() is invoked

@nklmish
Stubbing, return list
of values
def setup() {
validatorManager.validate >> [true,false,true]
}
}
translates to: return true for first invocation, false
for second and true for all other invocations

@nklmish
Stubbing, throw exception
+ chaining responses
def setup() {
validatorManager.validate >> [true,false] >> {throw new
RuntimeException()} >> [true]
}
}
translates to: return true for first invocation, false for
second and throw exception for third and return true for
all other invocations

@nklmish
Summary
Builtin mocking framework
Descriptive failure message
Readable tests
Groovy goodies
Extensible

Spock

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