Mobile gis

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Niroshan Sanjaya
Department of Town & Country Planning, University of Moratuwa
Dr Yann Chemin
International Water Management Institute, Pelawatta, Sri Lanka
Mr Amila B Jayasinghe
Department of Town & Country Planning, University of Moratuwa

FOSS4G Sri Lanka 2014
• Importance of human movement on spatial planning
• Existing data collection method
• Background
• Methodology
• Case studies
• Process
• Results
• Outputs

• Spatial configuration is considered as an important element that influences people
spatial experiences (Steadman, 1983; Hillier, 1996).
• Spatial layout is an essential element in people's understanding of their spatial
surroundings( Golledge & Stimson, 1997).
• Humans/pedestrians select routes according to their convenience and spatial
cognition (Millonig & Gartner, 2008)
• Plans should be prepared with the understanding of human movement patterns to
provide the comfortability for pedestrians
• To understand the spatial configuration, it is important to understand human
movement on space
• To design pedestrian friendly paths, it is important for planners to understand human
movements

Location Time Pattern Direction Duration Frequency
of the
activity
Sequence Volume Rout
choice
Diary     ?  ?  
Questionnaire     ?  ?  
Direct
observation
      ?  
Video     ? 
GPS        
Source- Based on Literature review

Source- Based on Literature review

Characters which should be included in Data and Data
collection methods
• Able to track actual movement path
• With the time
• with location ( Origin, Destination)
• Accuracy
• Efficiency
• Record the individual’s path
• With minimum number of labors
• Easy to update
Existing Methods

GPS
location
Direction
Pattern
Time
Accelerometer
Speed
Pattern
Compass
Direction
Pattern
Camera
Characteristic of the place
Open Source Operating Systems
DevelopVaries applications
Ability to create real time data collection
Personnel DigitalAssistant (PDA)

0
50
100
150
2000 2005 2010 2015
%
Year
Celluar Mobile Per
Persons (%)
Source- Central Bank, 2013
0
50
100
150
2000 2005 2010 2015
LKR
Thousands
YEAR
Smartphone Price
0
5
10
15
1940 1960 1980 2000 2020
Attributes
Year
Needs of Data
Call Call, SMS Call, Camera, MP3 player etc.. ..., GPS, Accelerometer, Compass, etc
Traditional
Measurement
Need
New
technology
Diary,
Observation
Individual and
Updated data
GPS
Source- Author constructed Source- Author constructed

1G
2G
3G
4G
Analog
Global System Mobile
(GSM)
High Speed Data facility
Voice calling
voice, data (GPRS),
SMS
Broadband data, voice,
streaming video
Show the number
SMS, Internet, FM
radio, etc
High Speed Internet, Video
Camera, MP3player, GPS,
AGPS, different sensors,
Open source OS
( Source – Miyashita, 2012, Sharon, 2012)

z
• Mobile Phone location identification systems
• A-GPS
• Need to connect Local Networks
• Standalone GPS
• Based on Satellite
• Triangulation technique
• Get Location Using Local Network
• Accuracy is 1000m
( Source - McNamara,aA 2008)

Based on the
needs
Applicability
Efficiency
Reliability
Accuracy
Types of data & Use

• Develop a framework for data collection of human movement pattern using
Mobile GIS.
• Identify the usability and applicability and its efficiency, accuracy and reliability
of Mobile GIS as a method of data collection in Sri Lankan context
Can mobile Phone use as a data collection method of human
movement, How
Objectives

Identify the attributes which
extracted from each method
Identify the advantages &
disadvantages
Identify the different data
collection methods Selection of a study area
Sample selection
Process data
Output
Validate the output
Research outcome
Identify the issues
regarding data collection
Research Question
Literature Review

My Tracks
QGIS

• In Canbera and Sydney
• Identify the tourist behavior
• Using GPS device
• Collected 76 trails
• Visitor movement based on the city
core or ‘spine’
• Tourists visiting Sydney will walk up
to 35 kilometres a day.
Tourists in the Canberra tracking study
generally utilised the same roads,
streets and patterns of
movement.
Etc..
• Identify young
people movement
• 169 young people
• Total 169 tracks
• Using GPS device
• space syntax
methodology is
capable of
predicting the
actual movement
• Use tablet pc
• 111 trajectories
• Development of
a typology of
pedestrian
spatio-temporal
behaviour
• Use 4 GPS devices
• Millions of population
• Get the position
cordiantes
• Demonstrate the track
pattern of pedestrian
movement at different
locations in the area

1. Sumanadasa Building
2. L Block
3. Goda Canteen
4. Wala canteen
5. Library
6. Faculty of information technology
7. QS Building
8. Extension Building
9. Examination Hall
10. Department of Electronic & Telecommunication
11. Department of Transport & Logistic Management
12. Department of Civil Engineering
13. Examination Division
14. CAD laboratory & Drawing Center
15. Department of Mechanical Engineering
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
6

• To identify the Smart phone users within the study area
• Conduct a survey
• Online – via google form
• Offline- via class representatives
Result
Department Percentage
Architecture 22 %
Building Economics 32 %
Town and Country Planning 14 %
Integrated Deign 35 %
Department Percentage
Chemical and Process Engineering 55 %
Civil Engineering 66 %
Computer Science and Engineering 80 %
Earth Resources Engineering 58 %
Electrical Engineering 75 %
Electronic and Telecommunication 78 %
Materials Science and Engineering 57 %
Mechanical Engineering 67 %
Textile and Clothing Technology 56 %
Transport and Logistics Management 65 %
IT 55 %
NDT 40 %

• Identify the Students distribution within the university
• Select a sample proportion to the distribution
21%
53%
10%
16%
Archi Eng IT NDT
7%
9%
6%
11%
6%
8%4%8%
6%
7%
28%
Chemical CSE EM Civil
Elect E&TC MT Mech
TM TLM 1ST year
24%
43%
17%
16%
Archi QS/FM Design TCP

Identify the
devices
Identify the
Proper Tracking
System
OUTPUT

Data save as a track
Track can be exported as
KML, GPX, CSV
Collecting tracks
Via
Email, Bluetooth

• Keyhole Markup Language. It is used to display geographic data in Google Earth
• KML uses a tag-based structure with nested elements and attributes encoded
using eXtensible Markup Language (XML)
• use the gx prefix and namespace Url
• <kml xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/kml/2.2"
• xmlns:gx="http://www.google.com/kml/ext/2.2">
• path is saved as point with coordinate value consisting of three values for
longitude, latitude, and altitude with seperate time stamp
• <gx:coord>79.901308 6.800085 71.58203125</gx:coord>
• <when>2013-11-22T02:25:03.854Z</when>
• It saved as multiple tracks, then it is interpolated

• <gx:MultiTrack id="ID">

<altitudeMode>clampToGround</altitudeMode>


<gx:Track>...</gx:Track> 
</gx:MultiTrack>
• Convert to ESRI shp file, only create two points without any data

• GPX format mean that is the GPS eXchange Format, light-weight XML data
forma
• It Consist with GPS data such as waypoints, routes, and tracks
<trkpt lat="6.796076" lon="79.90141">
<ele>27.7</ele>
<time>2013-11-25T07:14:36.753Z</time>
</trkpt>
• GPX format is increasingly used by GPS programs because of its flexibility as an xml schema
• Easy to convert to other formats without any data loss

Data on points Data on Lines

Movement Paths
Individual
Movement Path
Locations
Direct
Processed
Line
Point
Rout Choice
Most
integration
path/Locations
Pattern
Geographic
features
Waiting
Locations
INPUTTool/MethodOut PutInformation

Source- Author constructed
Layers can be Imported To GIS Software (QGIS)

Methodology
5mX5m pixel size
Density =
∑(number of lines)
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑙

Example Point Layers

Functionality of Area with time….
Normal Day 8~12 AM 12~1 PM

• Counts
• Mind maps
Time
palace
Goda Canteen Wala Canteen L canteen
7.30am 130 140 60
10.40am 36 21 8
12.30pm 180 165 72
3.15pm 28 18 12
7.30pm 96 105 ..

Origin
Destination
Origin
Destination
Actual Path
Identified Path

Daily activity show only in given Area

15 25 50 75
90 100
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
CoveredLocations
Sample Size 100%
Accuracy Variation

Identified data recording
app
Identified data types and
limitations
Identified data conversion
tools and limitations
Identified databases and
usages
Identified analysis
methods and tool and
limitations
Identified different output
and results
Framework for
Data collection
method

Mobile GIS Diary Observation Video based Questionnaire
Location     
Direction   
Time     
Rout Choice   
Duration   
Geographic
character

Sequence  
Ability and Advantages

Mobile GIS Diary Observation Video Questioner
Limited to observer
area
 
Depend on person   
Need labors  
Give separate
equipment/ use
material
   
Allocate separate time   
Fake data can be
provided
  
Disadvantages
It has more data, therefore people can be confused with them

Thank you

Mobile gis

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