1. ASSIGNMENT
OPERATIONAL RESEARCH

2. MADE BY
NIRALI SOLANKI
(608)
TYBMS

3. OPERATIONAL RESEARCH (O.R)
O.R is developed “to ensure reduction in
costs.
 O.R is a scientific approach to problem
solving.
 For executive decision making which
requires formulation of mathematical,
economic and statistical models for decision
making and controlling.


4. O.R IS USED FOR
Personal management
 Production management
 Financial management
 Marketing management


5. APPLICATION IN PUBLIC SECTOR
In Airways
 In Hospitals
 In Government
 In Banks
 In Railways
 In Highways


6. CHARACTERISTICS OF O.R
Uses mixed team approach to find optimal
solution.
 Uses scientific methods to achieve at optimal
solution.
 Emphasis on overall approach to the system.
 Optimizes the total output by maximizing
profit and minimizing cost.


7. LIMITATION OF O.R
Involves the use of mathematical and
complex method.
 Ignores intangible factors such as better
customer satisfaction, skill attitude of
worker, initiative of management etc.
 Usually associated with high cost.
 Overuse of assumptions to simplify
mathematical models may not represent a
true situation.


8. ASSIGNMENT

Assignment is a technique to find out lowest
possible allocable cost of the project by
assigning the best possible least costs to the
jobs and workers.

9. ASSIGNMENT IS USED
In assigning machines to factory orders.
 In assigning sales/marketing people to sales
territories.
 In assigning contracts to bidders by
systematic bid-evaluation.
 In assigning teachers to classes.
 In assigning accountants to accounts of the
clients.


10. STEPS :
1. Ensure that the sum is in the matrix form
2. The matrix form is used only in minimization
technique.
if it is not a minimization sum then we have to
convert it into minimization sum
3. Number of rows should be equal to number
of columns if number of row is not equal to
number of column then we have to
introduce a “Dummy” column or row to
make it balance.

11. CONTINUE . . .
4. Row Minima
 In this step we have to choose the lowest
element in the row and deduct it from all
element.
5. Column Minima
 In this step we choose the lowest element
and deduct it from other numbers in the
column.

12. CONTINUE. . .
6. Now try to cover maximum zeros using
minimum lines.
if the lines are equal to order of matrix the
optimal solution is reached.

13. ASSIGNING THE JOBS
First select the row or column which has
only one zero
 encircle that zero that means that the
assignment is made and all zeros, if any,
in that row or column will be cancelled.
 If there are more than one zero in a row or
column then allocate zero from top-bottom
or left-right .
 It is better to select the row or column with
minimum zero.


14. OPTIMALITY IS NOT REACHED
If in Step 3. the number of lines is not
equal to order of matrix then the optimal
solution is not reached:
 In such matrix there are three elements:
 The uncovered elements which are not on
any lines.
 The elements covered by the lines and are
on point of intersection.
 Covered elements but not on point of
intersection.


15. CONTINUE. . .
Now find the minimum element from the
uncovered elements :
 Deduct that element from all uncovered
elements.
 Add that element to the elements on the
point of intersection.
 The other elements should be kept as it is.


16. CONTINUE . . .
Now new matrix is formed.
 And again we have follow the steps.
 Now if the number of lines is equal to order
of matrix than optimality is reached or else
again follow the steps.


17. MAXIMIZATION MATRIX
If the matrix is in the form of maximization
matrix then we have to convert it into the
minimization matrix.
 To convert the maximization matrix into the
minimization we have to select the highest
element in the matrix and deduct that
element from the other elements.
 Thus new matrix formed is minimization
matrix all other step remains same.


18. IF NQ APPEARS
NQ is means Not Assignable.
 If NQ appears we have to put “M”.
 “M” represents highest possible number.
 If any number deducted form “M” than also it
will remain “M”.


19. CONCLUSION
Assignment is used to assign the jobs on
one-on-one basis.
 It is used to maximize the profit and minimize
the cost.
 If all the steps followed in the proper way the
optimality reached will be effectively useful.


20. THANK YOU