PPT prepared for lecture discussion.

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I hope you will make good use of my
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2. Unit 1
Introduction to Human Anatomy
Hilario Jr Cruzada Noveno
Lecturer
1
Hilario Jr. Cruzada Noveno

3. Definition of Terms
• Anatomy
– a branch of biology and medicine that is the
consideration of the structure of living things
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4. Definition of Terms
• Physiology
– Science of body functions
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5. Levels of Organization
Chemical: atoms to molecules
Cellular: cells with organelles
Tissue: groups of cells & surround
Organ: groups of tissues performing a common function
System: group of organs with a common function
Organism
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6. Figure 1.1a
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7. Figure 1.1
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8. The Eleven Organ Systems
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9. Integumentary System
Skin
Hair
Nails
Sweat glands
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10. Skeletal System
Bones
Associated cartilages
Ligaments
Joints
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11. Muscular System
Muscles
Tendons
Cartilages
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12. Nervous System
Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves
Accessory organs
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13. Endocrine System
Pituitary
Hormones
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14. Cardiovascular System
Heart
Blood vessels
Blood
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15. Respiratory System
Lungs
Respiratory passages
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16. Female Reproductive System
Ovaries
Vagina
Uterus
Mammary glands
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17. Male Reproductive System
Testes
Ducts
Penis
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18. Digestive System
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Intestiine
Accessory organs
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19. Urinary System
Kidneys
Urinary bladder
Urinary ducts
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20. Nine Regions of the Abdomen
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21. Anatomy
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22. Four Quadrants of the Abdomen
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23. Abdominopelvic Organs
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24. Anatomy
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25. Anatomical Positions
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26. Anatomical Positions
Prone
Supine
Lateral
Sim’s
Trendelenburg
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27. Directional Terms
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28. Anterior [
]
Posterior [
]
Superior [
]
Inferior [
]
Proximal [
]
Distal [
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29. Midline [
]
Medial [
]
Lateral [
]
Right [
Left [
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30. Body Planes
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31. Frontal [
]
Transverse [
]
Midsagittal [
]
Parasagittal [
]
Oblique [
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32. Body Cavities
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33. Anatomy
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34. Body Cavities [
]
Cranial
Vertebral
Thoracic
Abdominopelvic
Abdominal
Pelvic
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35. Body Cavities [
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36. Anatomy
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37. Necessary Life Functions
• Movement
– Locomotion
– Movement of substances
• Responsiveness
– Ability to sense changes and react
• Digestion
– Break-down and delivery of nutrients
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38. Necessary Life Functions
• Maintain Boundaries
• Metabolism – chemical reactions within the body
– Production of energy
– Making body structures
• Excretion
– Elimination of waste from metabolic reactions
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39. Survival Needs
• Nutrients
– Chemicals for energy and cell building
– Includes carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and
minerals
• Oxygen
– Required for chemical reactions
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40. Survival Needs
• Water
– 60–80% of body weight
– Provides for metabolic reaction
• Stable body temperature
• Atmospheric pressure must be appropriate
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41. Next Topic
The Cell
Tissues and glands
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42. Next meeting we will have a quiz about the
topic that we discussed today.
Thank you! Have a good day!
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