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DR NILESH KATE
MBBS,MD
ASSOCIATE PROF
DEPT. OF PHYSIOLOGY
SKELETAL
MUSCLE
CIRCULATION
OBJECTIVES
Skeletal muscle circulation.
 Skeletal muscle blood flow –
characteristic features.
 Regulation of flow
 Auto regulation
 Metabolic control mechanism
 Nervous control mechanism.
Thursday, March 31, 2016
SKELETAL MUSCLE BLOOD FLOW –
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES.
 At rest.
 Blood flow – 2-
4ml/min/100gm.
 Total wt of skeletal
muscle about 30kg so
blood flow – 750-
800ml/min
 Only 20-25% capillary
have flowing blood.
Thursday, March 31, 2016
SKELETAL MUSCLE BLOOD FLOW –
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES.
 During Exercise.
 Increases to 20
times,50-
80ml/min/100gm –
Exercise Hyperemia.
 Cause – dilatation of
Arteriole & Precapillary
sphincters by local
metabolite
Thursday, March 31, 2016
SKELETAL MUSCLE BLOOD FLOW –
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES.
 But blood flow–
Intermittent.
 During contraction-
muscle squeezes vessels
– flow stop – again
during relaxation, flow
increases
 Myoglobin – O2
acceptor.
Thursday, March 31, 2016
SKELETAL MUSCLE BLOOD FLOW –
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES.
 Sustained, severe
contraction >10 sec,
cessation of blood flow,
fatigue & ischemic Pain.
 Also after severe phasic
exercise– flow
decreases slowly
Due to O2 Debt.
Thursday, March 31, 2016
REACTIVE HYPERAEMIA.
 Phenomenon by vessel
control blood flow to the
organ after ischemia due to
occlusion.
 Cause – local Hypoxia causes
vasodilatation of arterioles &
precapillary sphincters
 So blood flow exceed the
control level when occlusion
is removed.
Thursday, March 31, 2016
Thursday, March 31, 2016
WHITE VS RED MUSCLE BLOOD
FLOW.
FEATURES WHITE MUSCLE RED MUSCLE
TOTAL MASS 3/4TH
1/4TH
CONTRACTIONS RAPID PHASIC
CONTRACTIONS
STEADY PROLONGED
CONTRACTIONS
ACTION SMALL ACTIONS MAINTENANCE OF
POSTURE
RESTING BLOOD FLOW 2-4ML/MIN/100GM MAY
INCREASE TO 50-80ML
30ML/MIN/100GM
O2 Debt PRONE TO O DEBT NOT PRONE DUE TO
GREATER SURFACE
AREA OF CAPILLARY
BED & RESTING BLOOD
FLOW.
REGULATION OF FLOW
 AUTO REGULATION
 METABOLIC CONTROL
MECHANISM
 NERVOUS CONTROL
MECHANISM.
Thursday, March 31, 2016
AUTO REGULATION
 Ability of organ to
adjust its vascular
resistance &
maintain a relatively
constant blood flow
over a range of arterial
pressure.
Thursday, March 31, 2016
AUTO REGULATION
Myogenic theory
 Mechanism – Precapillary
Resistance vessels have
high basal Myogenic tone.
 Rise in pressure inside –
stretch induced contraction
of sphincter
 Protect capillaries from
undue rise.
 Mainly in leg muscles &
prevent Pedal oedema.
Thursday, March 31, 2016
METABOLIC CONTROL
MECHANISM
 Muscle contraction
 Increase in metabolic
rate in tissue
 Reduces O2 conc. & rise
in adenosine, K+ ions,
H+ ions, lactic acid CO2
& tissue temperature –
dilatation of arteriole &
precapillary sphincter.
Thursday, March 31, 2016
NERVOUS CONTROL
MECHANISM.
 Skeletal muscle blood
vessels are supplied by
both
 Sympathetic
vasoconstrictors &
sympathetic
vasodilators.
Thursday, March 31, 2016
SYMPATHETIC
VASOCONSTRICTOR CONTROL
 During resting condition –
NA sympathetic nerve
discharge
 At rest – 1 impulses/sec
 Standing 2-3 impulses/sec
 Out of total vascular tone;
mainly by Myogenic tone &
very small part contributed
by Sympathetic
Thursday, March 31, 2016
SYMPATHETIC
VASOCONSTRICTOR CONTROL
 During muscular
exercise – Exercise
Hyperemia is
independent of
sympathetic discharge
& is mainly due to
Metabolic factors.
Thursday, March 31, 2016
SYMPATHETIC
VASOCONSTRICTOR CONTROL
 During circulatory shock &
other circulatory stress.
 Muscle capillary load is very
large.
 Sympathetic vasoconstriction
reduces muscle blood flow &
divert blood to the vital
organs.
Thursday, March 31, 2016
SYMPATHETIC VASODILATOE
FIBRES.
 Sympathetic fibers have
Acetylcholine as
neurotransmitter.
 Fibers are activated by
Corticohypothalamic-
reticulospinal pathway.
 Operate during emergency,
mental stress, emotions &
hypothalamic stimulation.
Thursday, March 31, 2016
SYMPATHETIC VASODILATOE
FIBRES.
 Safety valve mechanism
– Prevent sudden rise in
blood pressure at the
beginning of exercise.
 Before exercise even
Thought of exercise –
Increases sympathetic
activity
 Reduce TPR & BP to
safety levels.
Thursday, March 31, 2016
SYMPATHETIC VASODILATOE
FIBRES.
 Stimulation of sympathetic
vasodilator fibers dilates
only arteriole & not
precapillary sphincters so
muscle blood flow not
increases.
 After exercise
precapillary sphincters
dilates by local metabolite
& muscle blood flow
increases.
Thursday, March 31, 2016
THANK YOU.
Thursday, March 31, 2016

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Muscle circulation

  • 1. DR NILESH KATE MBBS,MD ASSOCIATE PROF DEPT. OF PHYSIOLOGY SKELETAL MUSCLE CIRCULATION
  • 2. OBJECTIVES Skeletal muscle circulation.  Skeletal muscle blood flow – characteristic features.  Regulation of flow  Auto regulation  Metabolic control mechanism  Nervous control mechanism. Thursday, March 31, 2016
  • 3. SKELETAL MUSCLE BLOOD FLOW – CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES.  At rest.  Blood flow – 2- 4ml/min/100gm.  Total wt of skeletal muscle about 30kg so blood flow – 750- 800ml/min  Only 20-25% capillary have flowing blood. Thursday, March 31, 2016
  • 4. SKELETAL MUSCLE BLOOD FLOW – CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES.  During Exercise.  Increases to 20 times,50- 80ml/min/100gm – Exercise Hyperemia.  Cause – dilatation of Arteriole & Precapillary sphincters by local metabolite Thursday, March 31, 2016
  • 5. SKELETAL MUSCLE BLOOD FLOW – CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES.  But blood flow– Intermittent.  During contraction- muscle squeezes vessels – flow stop – again during relaxation, flow increases  Myoglobin – O2 acceptor. Thursday, March 31, 2016
  • 6. SKELETAL MUSCLE BLOOD FLOW – CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES.  Sustained, severe contraction >10 sec, cessation of blood flow, fatigue & ischemic Pain.  Also after severe phasic exercise– flow decreases slowly Due to O2 Debt. Thursday, March 31, 2016
  • 7. REACTIVE HYPERAEMIA.  Phenomenon by vessel control blood flow to the organ after ischemia due to occlusion.  Cause – local Hypoxia causes vasodilatation of arterioles & precapillary sphincters  So blood flow exceed the control level when occlusion is removed. Thursday, March 31, 2016
  • 8. Thursday, March 31, 2016 WHITE VS RED MUSCLE BLOOD FLOW. FEATURES WHITE MUSCLE RED MUSCLE TOTAL MASS 3/4TH 1/4TH CONTRACTIONS RAPID PHASIC CONTRACTIONS STEADY PROLONGED CONTRACTIONS ACTION SMALL ACTIONS MAINTENANCE OF POSTURE RESTING BLOOD FLOW 2-4ML/MIN/100GM MAY INCREASE TO 50-80ML 30ML/MIN/100GM O2 Debt PRONE TO O DEBT NOT PRONE DUE TO GREATER SURFACE AREA OF CAPILLARY BED & RESTING BLOOD FLOW.
  • 9. REGULATION OF FLOW  AUTO REGULATION  METABOLIC CONTROL MECHANISM  NERVOUS CONTROL MECHANISM. Thursday, March 31, 2016
  • 10. AUTO REGULATION  Ability of organ to adjust its vascular resistance & maintain a relatively constant blood flow over a range of arterial pressure. Thursday, March 31, 2016
  • 11. AUTO REGULATION Myogenic theory  Mechanism – Precapillary Resistance vessels have high basal Myogenic tone.  Rise in pressure inside – stretch induced contraction of sphincter  Protect capillaries from undue rise.  Mainly in leg muscles & prevent Pedal oedema. Thursday, March 31, 2016
  • 12. METABOLIC CONTROL MECHANISM  Muscle contraction  Increase in metabolic rate in tissue  Reduces O2 conc. & rise in adenosine, K+ ions, H+ ions, lactic acid CO2 & tissue temperature – dilatation of arteriole & precapillary sphincter. Thursday, March 31, 2016
  • 13. NERVOUS CONTROL MECHANISM.  Skeletal muscle blood vessels are supplied by both  Sympathetic vasoconstrictors & sympathetic vasodilators. Thursday, March 31, 2016
  • 14. SYMPATHETIC VASOCONSTRICTOR CONTROL  During resting condition – NA sympathetic nerve discharge  At rest – 1 impulses/sec  Standing 2-3 impulses/sec  Out of total vascular tone; mainly by Myogenic tone & very small part contributed by Sympathetic Thursday, March 31, 2016
  • 15. SYMPATHETIC VASOCONSTRICTOR CONTROL  During muscular exercise – Exercise Hyperemia is independent of sympathetic discharge & is mainly due to Metabolic factors. Thursday, March 31, 2016
  • 16. SYMPATHETIC VASOCONSTRICTOR CONTROL  During circulatory shock & other circulatory stress.  Muscle capillary load is very large.  Sympathetic vasoconstriction reduces muscle blood flow & divert blood to the vital organs. Thursday, March 31, 2016
  • 17. SYMPATHETIC VASODILATOE FIBRES.  Sympathetic fibers have Acetylcholine as neurotransmitter.  Fibers are activated by Corticohypothalamic- reticulospinal pathway.  Operate during emergency, mental stress, emotions & hypothalamic stimulation. Thursday, March 31, 2016
  • 18. SYMPATHETIC VASODILATOE FIBRES.  Safety valve mechanism – Prevent sudden rise in blood pressure at the beginning of exercise.  Before exercise even Thought of exercise – Increases sympathetic activity  Reduce TPR & BP to safety levels. Thursday, March 31, 2016
  • 19. SYMPATHETIC VASODILATOE FIBRES.  Stimulation of sympathetic vasodilator fibers dilates only arteriole & not precapillary sphincters so muscle blood flow not increases.  After exercise precapillary sphincters dilates by local metabolite & muscle blood flow increases. Thursday, March 31, 2016