The document describes the landscaping design of an MBA block building. It discusses various landscaping elements at the building entrance, courtyard, exterior, and interior courtyard. Trees, plants, pathways, and seating areas are used to create an informal setting and provide shade. The landscaping aims to reduce noise levels and temperatures while connecting indoor and outdoor spaces. Roof gardens, green walls, and hydroponics are also mentioned as landscape design approaches for the building.
3. Location : AIT, Hessarghatta,
Soldevanhalli,Blore
MBA BLOCK
THE BLOCK MAPS
entrance
Entrance
All four sides
circulation
4. • Main road side
• Plantation bordering the structure to cut of noise
and keep shady
• Flanked by steps
• Gives it an informal setting
• The front entrance has small cubical structures used as seating and
also to mark a boundary.
BUILDING ENTRANCE
• Living Elements: plants.
• Man-made Elements:
• 1. Pathway
• 2. Sitting
• An informal setting is
created using elements that
show coherence with the
building and set this
imaginary boundary to the
exterior landscape and
activity.
COURTYARD
• Living Elements:
• 1. Tree
• 2. Plants
• Man-made Elements:
• 1. steps
• 2. sitting area
An informal setting is
again created with the
building for gathering and
other activities. Tress are
provided for shade and
protection from rain.
5. AT THE ENTRANCE OF THE BUILDING
• Living Elements:
1. Trees
2. Shrubs.
• Man-Made Elements:
1. Pathway
2. Pavement
3. Sitting
4. Sculpture
NEXT TO THE BUILDING - EXTERIOR
• Living Elements:
1. Trees
2. Shrubs
3. Ornamental plants
• Man-made Elements:
1. Pavement
2. Sitting blocks
Low lying trees that provide
shade for the informal seating
given are used here. These trees
also cut of noise and
transparency from the outside to
the inside to create a quiet
interference free environment
within.. It has adjoining open to
sky courts.
OPEN LANDSCAPED AREA
CONNECTING INTERIOR OF
BUILDING WITH EXTERIOR
• Living Elements:
1. Plants
2. Trees
• Physical Elements:
1. Rocks
• Man-made Elements:
1. Pavements
2. Sitting area
3. pathway
The MBA block has many such small open
courtyards with give relief to the eye and also
has immense climatologically aspects. Here
physical elements like rocks are used to give it a
natural terrain outlook with low shrubs. Heavy
and thick foliage is not used so as to not cut of
sunlight .
6. OPEN LANDSCAPED AREA
CONNECTING INTERIOR OF
BUILDING WITH EXTERIOR
• Living Elements:
1. Plants
• Physical Elements:
1. Rocks
Landscaping is done all along the
corridor with walls punctured in
between to allow the exterior
flow inside into the built envelope
to get it a unified look.
Again here rocks and shrubs are
used to preserve the effect of
natural terrain.
INTERIOR COURTYARD
• Living Elements:
• 1. Plants
• Abstract Elements:
• 1. natural light
• Man-made Elements:
• 1. sitting slab
• 2. building
These open spaces help in
ventilation. The plants
used here are higher than
the rest used elsewhere. It
helps to cut of disturbance
from one to another when
the windows open directly
into the courtyard.
TYPES OF PLANTS & TREES USED Types of shrubs used to create a natural
environment within the built environment
and also can be ornamental in character
7. Trees that cut of sound
and help as a shading
device. Also ornamental if
used in certain ways.
TYPES OF PLANTS & TREES USED
The landscape done
within enhances the
interior temperature
of the building.
Hot air
Courtyard effect
Cool air
Cool air
CLIMATIC ASPECTS
building
courtyard
Low sound
High levels of sound
NOISE LEVELS
Noise level – heavy foliage
outside cuts out noise and
keeps the building cool
9. ROOF GARDENS• A roof garden is any garden on the roof of
a building. Besides the decorative benefit, roof
plantings may provide
• food,
• temperature control,
• hydrological benefits,
• architectural enhancement,
• habitats or corridors for wildlife,
• and recreational opportunities.
The practice of cultivating food on the
rooftop of buildings is sometimes
referred to as rooftop farming.
• Rooftop farming is usually done using green
roof, hydroponics, aeroponics or air-
dynaponics systems or container gardens.
• Besides using the already present space at the
roof itself, additional platforms could possibly
be created between high-rise buildings called
"aero-bridges".
Origin
• Humans have grown plants atop structures since
antiquity. The ziggurats of
ancient Mesopotamia(4th millennium BC–600 BC)
had plantings of trees and shrubs on aboveground
terraces.
• An example in Roman times was the Villa of the
Mysteries in Pompeii, which had an elevated
terrace where plants were grown. A roof garden
has also been discovered around an audience hall
in Roman-Byzantine Caesarea.
• The medieval Egyptian city of Fustat had a number
of high-rise buildings that Nasir Khusraw in the
early 11th century described as rising up to 14
stories, with roof gardens on the top story.
Climatology
• Roof gardens are most often found in urban environments.
Plants have the ability to reduce the overall heat absorption
of the building which then reduces energy consumption.
• The primary cause of heat build-up in cities is insolation, the
absorption of solar radiation by roads and buildings in the
city and the storage of this heat in the building material and
its subsequent re-radiation.
• Plant surfaces however, as a result of transpiration, do not rise more than
4–5 °C above the ambient and are sometimes cooler. This then translates
into a cooling of the environment between 3.6 and 11.3 degrees Celsius ,
depending on the area on earth (in hotter areas, the environmental
temperature will cool more).
• A roof garden can delay run off; reduce the rate and volume of run off.
10. Assuming fig A as our built
envelope
Roof garden
Fig A
Exterior heat
Reduces the
interior heat and
temp , keeping it
cool all around the
year with very little
energy cost
Cool air
Hot air seeping through the
building
As in moves downward
, it cool the levels
beneath , all in an eco-
friendly manner
Sections
ROOF GARDEN SYSTEMS
11. Green roof
• A green roof or living roof is a roof of
a building that is partially or completely
covered with vegetation and a growing
medium, planted over a waterproofing
membrane.
• It may also include additional layers
such as
a rootbarrier and drainage and irrigation
systems.
• There are two types of green roofs:
– intensive roofs, which are thicker
and can support a wider variety
of plants but are heavier and
require more maintenance, and
– extensive roofs, which are
covered in a light layer of
vegetation and are lighter than
an intensive green roof.
• The term green roof may also be used
to indicate roofs that use some form of
green technology, such as
– a cool roof,
– a roof with solar thermal
collectors
– or photovoltaic panels.
INTENSIVE
EXTENSIVE
Urban Fabric
• Becoming green is a high priority for urban planners. The environmental and aesthetic benefits to cities is the
prime motivation. It was calculated that "the temperature in Tokyo could be lowered by 0.11–0.84 °C (0.2-
1.51 °F) if 50% of all available rooftop space were planted with greenery. This would lead to a savings of
approximately 100 million yen per day in the city's electricity bill.
• Singapore is very active in green urban development. Roof gardens present possibilities for carrying the
notions of nature and open space further in tall building development.
• The planters on a roof garden may be designed for a variety of functions and vary greatly in depth to satisfy
aesthetic and recreational purposes. These planters can hold a range of ornamental plants: anything from
trees, shrubs, vines, or an assortment of flowers. As aesthetics and recreation are the priority they may not
provide the environmental and energy benefits of a green roof.
• Planting on roof tops can make urban living more self-sufficient and make fresh vegetables more accessible
to urban people.
12. • In an accessible rooftop garden,
space becomes available for
localized small-scale urban
agriculture, a source of local food
production. An urban garden can
supplement the diets of the
community it feeds with fresh
produce and provide a tangible
tie to food production. At Trent
University, there is currently a
working rooftop garden which
provides food to the student café
and local citizens.
• Available gardening areas in
cities are often seriously lacking,
which is likely the key impetus
for many roof gardens. The
garden may be on the roof of
an autonomous building which
takes care of its own water and
waste.
Drought tolerant
• Hydroponics and other alternative methods
can expand the possibilities of roof top
gardening by reducing, for example, the
need for soil or its tremendous weight.
• Plantings in containers are used extensively
in roof top gardens. Planting in containers
prevents added stress to the roof's
waterproofing.
• For those who live in small apartments with
little space, square foot gardening, or (when
even less space is available) living
walls (vertical gardening) can be a solution.
13. Hydroponics
• Hydroponics is a subset
of hydroculture and is a method of
growing plants using
mineral nutrient solutions, in water,
without soil.
• Terrestrial plants may be grown with
their roots in the mineral nutrient
solution only or in an inert medium,
such as
– perlite,
– grave,
– mineral wool,
– expanded clay pebbles
– or coconut husk.
• Aeroponics is the process of growing plants
in an air or mist environment without the
use of soil or an aggregate medium. The
word "aeroponic" is derived from
the Greek meanings of aero- (air)
and ponos (labour).
• Aeroponic culture differs from both
conventional hydroponics, aquaponics.
Unlike hydroponics, which uses a liquid
nutrient solution as a growing medium and
essential minerals to sustain plant growth; or
aquaponics which uses water and fish waste,
aeroponics is conducted without a growing
medium.
Aeroponics
14. • Container gardening is the practice of
growing plants exclusively in containers
instead of planting them in the ground.
• Pots, traditionally made of terracotta but
now more commonly plastic,
and windowboxes have been the most
commonly seen. Small pots are commonly
called flowerpots.
• In some cases, this method of growing is
used for ornamental purposes. This
method is also useful in areas where the
soil or climate is unsuitable for the plant or
crop in question.
Container gardens
Choice of plants
A wide variety of plants can be used for
growing on roof tops but it is necessary to
choose the plants with shallow root system
which will not penetrate the roof floor in
long run. At the same time, it is also
advisable to grow such plants that flower at
various periods of year and are very easily
be maintained at roof top. Delicate plants
must be avoided for this purpose. The
following plants are well suited for such type
of gardening:
Foliage plants: Asparagus, coleus, croton,
diffenbachia, dracena, paperomias, philodendron
rubber plant, etc.
Flowering plants: Seasonal flowers like antirrhinum,
aster, balsam, calendula, celosia, cosmos, daisy,
dianthus, gaillardia, marigold nasturtium, pansy, phlox,
verbena, zinnia, etc., and perennial flowers like
carnation, chrysanthemum, dahlia, rose, tuberose,
etc.
Shrubs: Acalypha, bougainvillea, camellia, china rose,
geranium, jasmine lantana, etc.
Trees: Ashoka tree, bottle brush, chrismis tree, silk
cotton tree, etc.
Climbers: Antigonon, begnonia, gloriosa, ipomea and
passiflora, etc.
Cactii and succulents: Agave, aloe, kalanchoe, opuntia,
cehpalocereus, notocactus nyctocereus, etc.
Fruits: Gooseberry, strawberry, peach, pear, pineapple
pomegranate, etc.
Vegetables: Bringal, broccoli, chillies, lettuce, tomoto,
etc.
15. VERTICAL GARDENS/ GREEN WALLS
•A vertical garden is a wall, either free-
standing or part of a building, that is partially
or completely covered with vegetation and, in
some cases, soil or an inorganic growing
medium.
•The concept of the green wall dates back to
600 BC with the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.
INTRODUCTION
•Stanley Hart White holds the first known
patent for a green wall, or vertical garden,
conceptualizing this new garden type as a
solution to the problem of modern garden
design.
Vertical roof
Exterior heat environment
Brings down the
interior temperature
Reduces the
thermal mass of the
built envelope
Cools the exterior
façade of the
building
Heat waves
BUILDING ENVELOPE – INTERIOR AND
EXTERIOR CLIMATE
16. • The larger green walls concept has been
utilized with innovative hydroponics [a
method of growing plants using
mineral nutrient solutions, in water,
without soil] technology
• The vegetation for a green façade is
always attached on outside walls; with
living walls this is also usually the case,
although some living walls can also be
green walls for interior use
• For living walls there are many methods
including attaching to the air return of
the building to help with air filtration.
They are also referred to as living walls,
biowalls, vertical gardens or more
scientifically VCW (vertical vegetated
complex walls).
TYPES OF VERTICAL GARDENS
•There are two main categories of green walls: green façades
and living walls.
• Green façades are made up of climbing plants either growing
directly on a wall or, more recently, specially designed
supporting structures
•With a living wall the modular panels are often made of
stainless steel containers, geotextiles, irrigationsystems, a
growing medium and vegetation
17. There are three types of growth media used in living walls: loose media, mat media and structural media.
*Loose media
- Loose medium systems have their soil packed into a shelf or bag and then are installed onto the wall. These systems require their media to be
replaced at least once a year on exteriors and approximately every two years on interiors
18. Mat media
•- Mat media are quite thin, even in multiple
layers, and as such cannot support vibrant
root systems of mature plants for more than
three to five years before the roots overtake
the mat and water is not able to adequately
wick through the mats.
• -These systems are best used on the
interior of a building and are a good choice
in areas with low seismic activity with small
plants that will not grow to a weight that
could rip the mat apart under their own
weight over time
• The vertical garden can also be designed to
act as a sound barrier between two spaces.
• As the plants grow to maturity, they will
help absorb more sound and create a more
intimate space.
• Vegetables
• Many varieties of vegetables can be used in vertical
gardens. Examples include cherry tomatoes, pole
beans, snap peas, cucumber, squash and zucchini.
• A few varieties of smaller fruits can be grown as
vertical plants in a garden. Grapes and berries are
common. Small melons can be supported by a vertical
framework. Fruits use an arbor, or large trellis to
support the woody vines.
• Ivy
• There are many types of ivy used for vertical
gardening. English ivy is one of the more well-known.
Boston ivy, honeysuckle, Virginia creeper and trumpet
vines.
• Flowering
• Flowering plants are often used as landscaping in
vertical gardens. Morning glory, nasturtium, climbing
roses, jasmine, wisteria and sweet pea are examples of
flowering vines
PLANTS THAT CAN BE USED
20. BOTANICAL
NAME
Lagerstroemia speciosa Colvillea racemosa GREVILLEA ROBUSTA PACHIRA SAITHIFOLIA
COMMON NAME jarul colville SILVER OAK Malabar chestnut
Money tree
STRUCTURE
DESIGN QUALITY • Ornamental tree
• Medium sized , smooth flaky
bark.
• Leaves are deciduous.
• Coppery bark, bright orange
flowers which grows in cone or
cylindrical shape
• Small deep green leaves.
•Used to form shady avenues. Used as ornamental tree.
SEASONAL
CHARACTERIS-
-TICS
•Grown in tropical and sub
tropical areas
•adapts well to different
conditions.
•needs plenty of sunlight
•prefers full sun
•grows best in warm zones.
•occasional water.
It is a durable plant and adapts
well to different conditions..
GROWTH •small to medium-sized
•deciduous, oval to
The flowers are white to purple.
•After flowering, the tree
produces long, flat, woody seed
pods.
•The tree has small deep green
leaves
•It is a fast-
growing evergreen tree
shiny green palmate leaves
with lanceolate leaflets
smooth green bark.
HEIGHT •20m •3.6-12m •18-35m Upto 18 m
21. BOTANICAL
NAME
Dillenia indica Parmentiera cereifera Hevea brasiliensis Magnolia grandiflora
COMMON NAME ELEPHANT APPLE Candle tree RUBBER TREE MAGNOLIA
STRUCTURE
DESIGN QUALITY • Leaves are 15-30 cm with
corrugated surface with
impressed vein.
• Fruit is edible.
• Medium sized tree
commonly cultivated specimen
in botanical gardens.
• Oval leaves
• Buttressing roots
• Aerial roots
• It's trunk is typically straight
and erect with spreading
branches that form a dense,
broadly pyramidal crown.
• It has large, thick, leathery
dark green leaves which are
up to 10 inches long.
SEASONAL
CHARACTERIS-
-TICS
•Evergreen large shrub or medium
sized tree
• Heavy rainfall • Evergreen tree.
GROWTH borne on winged petioles
The flower is solitary or borne in a
cluster of up to four.
The fruit is a taper-shaped berry up
to 60 centimeters long.
300 years In the spring, they have a
golden to rust color on their
undersides.
HEIGHT • Upto 15m 6m Upto 30 m 30m
22. BOTANICAL
NAME
Coccoloba uvifera Artocarpus heterophyllus
COMMON NAME SEA GRAPE JACK FRUIT TREE
STRUCTURE
DESIGN QUALITY •Coccoloba uvifera is wind
resistant,[3] moderately tolerant of
shade, and highly tolerant of salt
•it is also planted as
an ornamental shrub
• Largest tree borne fruit
• Thick bark
• Fruit is edible
SEASONAL
CHARACTERIS-
-TICS
•Capable of surviving down to
approximately 2 °C, the tree is
unable to survive frost.
• Tropical lowland
GROWTH •The leaves turn reddish before
falling.
•dioecious species
HEIGHT •6-9m • Upto 30 m
23. BOTANICAL
NAME
ANDROMEDA ANGEL'S TRUMPET BAMBOO PALM BANANA SHRUB
COMMON NAME
STRUCTURE
DESIGN QUALITY BROADLEAF EVERGREEN
SHRUB
WHITE, PINK
SIMPLY TREAT IT AS AN EXOTIC CREATE A TEXTURAL BACKDROP THE EVERGREEN SHRUB'S
FLUSH OF FLOWERS
SEASONAL
CHARACTERIS-
-TICS
WHITE, PINK WHITE, YELLOW, PINK, ORANGE,
AND CREAM
GREEN YELLOW/GOLD, PINK/ROSE,
BICOLOR
GROWTH SLOW GROWING
SPRING
ACIDIC SOIL
FAST GROWING
SPRING
WELL-DRAINED SOIL
FAST GROWING
ANY
FOUNDATION SOIL
FAST GROWING
SUMMER ,SPRING
WELL-DRAINED SOIL
HEIGHT 12’ 6’ 10’ 4-5’
24. BOTANICAL
NAME
BARBERRY BEAUTYBERRY BOXWOOD BUTTERFLY BUSH
COMMON NAME
STRUCTURE
DESIGN QUALITY FINE-TEXTURED BRANCHES OF
PURPLE-RED
CLUSTERS OF SMALL VIOLET-
PURPLE FRUITS.
AN EVERGREEN SHRUB IDEAL
FOR SCULPTING
DRENCHING THE AIR WITH A
FRUITY SCENT
SEASONAL
CHARACTERIS-
-TICS
YELLOW/GOLD, RED/PURPLE
LEAVES, YELLOW LEAVES,
VARIEGATED LEAVES
PINK/ROSE WHITE, BLUE-GREEN LEAVES,
VARIEGATED LEAVES
WHITE, PINK/ROSE,
BLUE/VIOLET/LAVENDER, RED
GROWTH FAST GROWING
SPRING
DROUGHT
FAST GROWING
SUMMER
ANY
FAST GROWING
SPRING
WELL-DRAINED SOIL
FAST GROWING
SUMMER
EXTRA-FERTILE SOIL
HEIGHT 6’ 6’ 15’ 5-15’
25. BOTANICAL
NAME
CAROLINA ALLSPICE CRAPE MYRTLE DAMIANITA DEUTZIA
COMMON NAME
STRUCTURE
DESIGN QUALITY STRONGLY FRAGRANT DARK RED
FLOWERS
THE BRIGHTEST BLOOMING AND
MOST HEAT-TOLERANT TREES
ITS SUNNY-YELLOW DAISY-
SHAPE BLOOMS UNFURL
ALMOST YEAR-ROUND.
A WATERFALL OF WHITE
SPRING BLOSSOMS ON
CASCADING BRANCHES
SEASONAL
CHARACTERIS-
-TICS
BURGUNDY-RED FLOWERS REDDISH PEELING BARK AND
SMOOTH TRUNK
YELLOW LARGE WHITE FLOWERS
GROWTH FAST GROWING
SUMMER
WELL-DRAINED SOIL
FAST GROWING
SUMMER
WELL-DRAINED SOIL
FAST GROWING
SUMMER
WELL-DRAINED SOIL
FAST GROWING
SPRING WELL-DRAINED SOIL
HEIGHT 8’ 5-8’ 2’ 2-10’
26. BOTANICAL
NAME
STRUCTURE
DESIGN
QUALITIES
SEASONAL
CHARACTERS
OTHER QUALITIES
ECOLOGICAL
VALUES
GROWTH
CLIMATE
SOIL
SPAN,HEIGHT
CREEPING
BENTGRASS
BENTGRASS IS A FINE-
TEXTURED, COOL-SEASON
SPECIES
BENTGRASS IS THE FINEST-
BLADED, LOWEST-GROWING
IT MAKES A NICE LOOKING
LAWN. WITH FREQUENT
MOWING, WATERING,
DETHATCHING, AND
FERTILIZING
GOOD AIR CIRCULATION OVER
THE SURFACE OF THE GRASS TO
PREVENT DISEASE
FAST GROWING
SPRING
ANY
CANADA
BLUEGRASS
¾”
IS A COLD-TOLERANT, FINE-
TEXTURED BLUEGRASS WITH A
CREEPING HABIT
ITS NATURAL GROWING
RANGE IS WELL-ADAPTED
WAS ORIGINALLY
INTRODUCED AS A SOURCE
OF FORAGE FOR DRY
PASTURES WITH POOR SOIL.
FULL SUN IS BEST, BUT WILL
TOLERATE SOME SHADE
FAST GROWING
SPRING
ANY
3-4”
BAHIAGRASS
IS A TOUGH,
COARSE-TEXTURED
BAHIAGRASS
SPREADS SLOWLY BY
RHIZOMES
BAHIAGRASS HAS SOME
SHADE TOLERANCE AND
FORMS A THICK TURF THAT
CROWDS OUT WEEDS
WITHOUT CREATING THATCH
FULL SUN, TOLERATES
SOME SHADE
FAST GROWING
SUMMER
ANY
2-3”
CENTIPEDEGRASS
S A COARSE-TEXTURED,
LIGHT GREEN GRASS THAT
SPREADS BY STOLONS.
THIS GRASS IS
SOMETIMES CALLED
"LAZY MAN'S GRASS"
HAS SHALLOW ROOTS, SO IT
HAS NO REAL DROUGHT
TOLERANCE
FULL SUN
FAST GROWING
SUMMER
ANY
2-3.5’
27. BOTANICAL
NAME
STRUCTURE
DESIGN
QUALITIES
SEASONAL
CHARACTERS
OTHER QUALITIES
ECOLOGICAL
VALUES
GROWTH
CLIMATE
SOIL
SPAN,HEIGHT
THYME
THIS SUN-LOVING,
DROUGHT-TOLERANT HERB
CARPETS HILLSIDES
BLOOMS ARE BLUISH-
PURPLE TO PINK
FLOWERS,ATTRACTIVE
FOLIAGE,FRAGRANT,DRIED
FLOWERS
INTRODUCES A SAVORY FLAVOR
TO DISHES, SUCH AS ROASTED
VEGETABLES, SOUPS.
FAST GROWING
ANY
WELL-DRAINED SOIL
3-12”
SWEET
WOODRUFF
SWEET WOODRUFF IS THE
PERFECT GROUNDCOVER FOR
ADDING FRAGRANCE TO YOUR
BACKYARD.
THE LEAVES ARE CRUSHED
THEY SMELL LIKE FRESHLY
MOWN HAY
FLOWERS,ATTRACTIVE
FOLIAGE,FRAGRANT,DRIED
FLOWERS,
THIS IS ONE PLANT THAT ISN'T
PRONE TO INVASIVENESS AND
TENDS TO FORM WELL-
MANNERED CLUMPS.
FAST GROWING
ANY
WELL-DRAINED SOIL
12”
BRASS
BUTTONS
TINY, FINE-TEXTURED
FOLIAGE THAT'S TINGED
BLACK AND BUTTON-
SHAPE
BRONZE-COLOR
FLOWERS
FLOWERS,ATTRACTIVE
FOLIAGE,FRAGRANT,DRIE
D FLOWERS
IT TOLERATES SOME
DEGREE OF TRAFFIC, SO
YOU CAN WALK ON IT.
FAST GROWING
ANY
WELL-DRAINED SOIL
12”
DEADNETTLE
FREE-BLOOMING DEADNETTLES
ENLIVEN DIFFICULT PLACES IN
SUN OR SHADE.
THE TRIANGULAR GREEN LEAVES
ARE SPLASHED WITH SILVER, OR
THEY ARE SILVER-RIMMED OR
VEINED WITH EMERALD.
FLOWERS,ATTRACTIVE
FOLIAGE,FRAGRANT,ATTRA
CTS BUTTERFLIES
DEADNETTLES HAVE
UNFAIRLY GOTTEN A BAD
NAME FOR BEING INVASIVE
AND SOMEWHAT WEEDY
FAST GROWING
ANY
WELL-DRAINED
SOIL
8-24”