SlideShare a Scribd company logo

MS Dhoni's leadership lessons from Indian cricket team's historic series win

•Download as PPS, PDF•
•
N
nikhilawareness

The document discusses leadership lessons from Mahendra Singh Dhoni's captaincy of the Indian cricket team. It describes how Dhoni insisted on having the team he wanted, optimally utilized available resources despite injuries, and backed players who were low on confidence by giving them challenges to boost their confidence in him and the team. It highlights how Dhoni remained calm under pressure and let his team take the credit for their successes.

SportsBusiness
1 of 18
Management Lessons from Indian Cricket Team visit kamyabology.com for similar video/ppt/articles
A Leader should have the team he/she wants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],visit kamyabology.com for similar video/ppt/articles
Optimal utilization of resources ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],visit kamyabology.com for similar video/ppt/articles
Leader should back his/her team ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],visit kamyabology.com for similar video/ppt/articles
Leader should have confidence in his/her team ,[object Object],[object Object],visit kamyabology.com for similar video/ppt/articles
Leaders -Inspire and trust ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],visit kamyabology.com for similar video/ppt/articles
Leaders -should be calm and cool ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],visit kamyabology.com for similar video/ppt/articles
Constant explore and innovate ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],visit kamyabology.com for similar video/ppt/articles
Innovation to thrive, failure must be encouraged ,[object Object],[object Object],visit kamyabology.com for similar video/ppt/articles
Live in the present ,[object Object],[object Object],visit kamyabology.com for similar video/ppt/articles
Leaders should give the credit ,[object Object],[object Object],visit kamyabology.com for similar video/ppt/articles
A leader should walk the talk ,[object Object],[object Object],visit kamyabology.com for similar video/ppt/articles
Individuals-know your inner calling ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],visit kamyabology.com for similar video/ppt/articles
Individuals-Have Self Belief ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],visit kamyabology.com for similar video/ppt/articles
As Competitor ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],visit kamyabology.com for similar video/ppt/articles
Play fair/by the rules ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],visit kamyabology.com for similar video/ppt/articles
Do not lose sight of the goal ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],visit kamyabology.com for similar video/ppt/articles
A Leader should be fearless and confident ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],visit kamyabology.com for similar video/ppt/articles

Recommended

PPT for slideshare
PPT for slidesharePPT for slideshare
PPT for slidesharenikhilawareness
 
First Staging Content to all channels
First Staging Content to all channelsFirst Staging Content to all channels
First Staging Content to all channelsnikhilawareness
 
slideshare content rmoval
slideshare content rmovalslideshare content rmoval
slideshare content rmovalnikhilawareness
 
http://qa.us/aaaaG9 is a link Multi channel content from new page
http://qa.us/aaaaG9 is a link Multi channel content from new pagehttp://qa.us/aaaaG9 is a link Multi channel content from new page
http://qa.us/aaaaG9 is a link Multi channel content from new pagenikhilawareness
 
Hello Staging
Hello StagingHello Staging
Hello Stagingnikhilawareness
 
Go to all channels so that I may test your stats tom
Go to all channels so that I may test your stats tomGo to all channels so that I may test your stats tom
Go to all channels so that I may test your stats tomnikhilawareness
 
SS
SSSS
SSnikhilawareness
 
Slideshare and Wordpress
Slideshare and WordpressSlideshare and Wordpress
Slideshare and Wordpressnikhilawareness
 

Recommended

PPT for slideshare
PPT for slidesharePPT for slideshare
PPT for slidesharenikhilawareness
 
First Staging Content to all channels
First Staging Content to all channelsFirst Staging Content to all channels
First Staging Content to all channelsnikhilawareness
 
slideshare content rmoval
slideshare content rmovalslideshare content rmoval
slideshare content rmovalnikhilawareness
 
http://qa.us/aaaaG9 is a link Multi channel content from new page
http://qa.us/aaaaG9 is a link Multi channel content from new pagehttp://qa.us/aaaaG9 is a link Multi channel content from new page
http://qa.us/aaaaG9 is a link Multi channel content from new pagenikhilawareness
 
Hello Staging
Hello StagingHello Staging
Hello Stagingnikhilawareness
 
Go to all channels so that I may test your stats tom
Go to all channels so that I may test your stats tomGo to all channels so that I may test your stats tom
Go to all channels so that I may test your stats tomnikhilawareness
 
SS
SSSS
SSnikhilawareness
 
Slideshare and Wordpress
Slideshare and WordpressSlideshare and Wordpress
Slideshare and Wordpressnikhilawareness
 
PDF for SlideShare
PDF for SlideSharePDF for SlideShare
PDF for SlideSharenikhilawareness
 
Too many files
Too many filesToo many files
Too many filesnikhilawareness
 
Slideshare Body Formatting
Slideshare Body FormattingSlideshare Body Formatting
Slideshare Body Formattingnikhilawareness
 
Slideshare testing
Slideshare testingSlideshare testing
Slideshare testingnikhilawareness
 
Master Content with all the works 3/30/2011
Master Content with all the works 3/30/2011Master Content with all the works 3/30/2011
Master Content with all the works 3/30/2011nikhilawareness
 
Staging Smoke Testing
Staging Smoke TestingStaging Smoke Testing
Staging Smoke Testingnikhilawareness
 
Good start to the WC 2011
Good start to the WC 2011Good start to the WC 2011
Good start to the WC 2011nikhilawareness
 
Testing Content Publish
Testing Content PublishTesting Content Publish
Testing Content Publishnikhilawareness
 
Second cloned content http://qa.us/aaaaLL
Second cloned content http://qa.us/aaaaLLSecond cloned content http://qa.us/aaaaLL
Second cloned content http://qa.us/aaaaLLnikhilawareness
 
All channels on staging
All channels on stagingAll channels on staging
All channels on stagingnikhilawareness
 
All channels but BasicQA
All channels but BasicQAAll channels but BasicQA
All channels but BasicQAnikhilawareness
 
Slideshare - No body?
Slideshare - No body?Slideshare - No body?
Slideshare - No body?nikhilawareness
 
Two contents
Two contentsTwo contents
Two contentsnikhilawareness
 
Too many files
Too many filesToo many files
Too many filesnikhilawareness
 
Multi channel publish
Multi channel publishMulti channel publish
Multi channel publishnikhilawareness
 
Omnipresent content in Dallas oops staging
Omnipresent content in Dallas oops stagingOmnipresent content in Dallas oops staging
Omnipresent content in Dallas oops stagingnikhilawareness
 
LEADER BY INSTINCT- MAHENDRA SINGH DHONI- ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
LEADER BY INSTINCT- MAHENDRA SINGH DHONI- ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOURLEADER BY INSTINCT- MAHENDRA SINGH DHONI- ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
LEADER BY INSTINCT- MAHENDRA SINGH DHONI- ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOURSimran Soni
 
Building the true Agile Mindset – Learning from the most disciplined organiza...
Building the true Agile Mindset – Learning from the most disciplined organiza...Building the true Agile Mindset – Learning from the most disciplined organiza...
Building the true Agile Mindset – Learning from the most disciplined organiza...Agile Software Community of India
 
Leader Profile_Assignment_RajK
Leader Profile_Assignment_RajKLeader Profile_Assignment_RajK
Leader Profile_Assignment_RajKRajkumar Kattimani
 
Team Building & Leadership Skills of MSD- Mahindra Singh Dhoni
Team Building & Leadership Skills of MSD- Mahindra Singh DhoniTeam Building & Leadership Skills of MSD- Mahindra Singh Dhoni
Team Building & Leadership Skills of MSD- Mahindra Singh DhoniShantanu Singh
 
Rookie coach brochure
Rookie coach brochureRookie coach brochure
Rookie coach brochurejrice81
 
Lessons from the movie lagaan
Lessons from the movie lagaanLessons from the movie lagaan
Lessons from the movie lagaanSonam Jain
 

More Related Content

Viewers also liked

Slideshare Body Formatting
Slideshare Body FormattingSlideshare Body Formatting
Slideshare Body Formattingnikhilawareness
 
Master Content with all the works 3/30/2011
Master Content with all the works 3/30/2011Master Content with all the works 3/30/2011
Master Content with all the works 3/30/2011nikhilawareness
 
Good start to the WC 2011
Good start to the WC 2011Good start to the WC 2011
Good start to the WC 2011nikhilawareness
 
Second cloned content http://qa.us/aaaaLL
Second cloned content http://qa.us/aaaaLLSecond cloned content http://qa.us/aaaaLL
Second cloned content http://qa.us/aaaaLLnikhilawareness
 
All channels but BasicQA
All channels but BasicQAAll channels but BasicQA
All channels but BasicQAnikhilawareness
 

Viewers also liked (12)

PDF for SlideShare
PDF for SlideSharePDF for SlideShare
PDF for SlideShare
 
Too many files
Too many filesToo many files
Too many files
 
Slideshare Body Formatting
Slideshare Body FormattingSlideshare Body Formatting
Slideshare Body Formatting
 
Slideshare testing
Slideshare testingSlideshare testing
Slideshare testing
 
Master Content with all the works 3/30/2011
Master Content with all the works 3/30/2011Master Content with all the works 3/30/2011
Master Content with all the works 3/30/2011
 
Staging Smoke Testing
Staging Smoke TestingStaging Smoke Testing
Staging Smoke Testing
 
Good start to the WC 2011
Good start to the WC 2011Good start to the WC 2011
Good start to the WC 2011
 
Testing Content Publish
Testing Content PublishTesting Content Publish
Testing Content Publish
 
Second cloned content http://qa.us/aaaaLL
Second cloned content http://qa.us/aaaaLLSecond cloned content http://qa.us/aaaaLL
Second cloned content http://qa.us/aaaaLL
 
All channels on staging
All channels on stagingAll channels on staging
All channels on staging
 
All channels but BasicQA
All channels but BasicQAAll channels but BasicQA
All channels but BasicQA
 
Slideshare - No body?
Slideshare - No body?Slideshare - No body?
Slideshare - No body?
 

Similar to MS Dhoni's leadership lessons from Indian cricket team's historic series win

Omnipresent content in Dallas oops staging
Omnipresent content in Dallas oops stagingOmnipresent content in Dallas oops staging
Omnipresent content in Dallas oops stagingnikhilawareness
 
LEADER BY INSTINCT- MAHENDRA SINGH DHONI- ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
LEADER BY INSTINCT- MAHENDRA SINGH DHONI- ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOURLEADER BY INSTINCT- MAHENDRA SINGH DHONI- ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
LEADER BY INSTINCT- MAHENDRA SINGH DHONI- ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOURSimran Soni
 
Building the true Agile Mindset – Learning from the most disciplined organiza...
Building the true Agile Mindset – Learning from the most disciplined organiza...Building the true Agile Mindset – Learning from the most disciplined organiza...
Building the true Agile Mindset – Learning from the most disciplined organiza...Agile Software Community of India
 
Leader Profile_Assignment_RajK
Leader Profile_Assignment_RajKLeader Profile_Assignment_RajK
Leader Profile_Assignment_RajKRajkumar Kattimani
 
Team Building & Leadership Skills of MSD- Mahindra Singh Dhoni
Team Building & Leadership Skills of MSD- Mahindra Singh DhoniTeam Building & Leadership Skills of MSD- Mahindra Singh Dhoni
Team Building & Leadership Skills of MSD- Mahindra Singh DhoniShantanu Singh
 
Rookie coach brochure
Rookie coach brochureRookie coach brochure
Rookie coach brochurejrice81
 
Lessons from the movie lagaan
Lessons from the movie lagaanLessons from the movie lagaan
Lessons from the movie lagaanSonam Jain
 

Similar to MS Dhoni's leadership lessons from Indian cricket team's historic series win (10)

Two contents
Two contentsTwo contents
Two contents
 
Too many files
Too many filesToo many files
Too many files
 
Multi channel publish
Multi channel publishMulti channel publish
Multi channel publish
 
Omnipresent content in Dallas oops staging
Omnipresent content in Dallas oops stagingOmnipresent content in Dallas oops staging
Omnipresent content in Dallas oops staging
 
LEADER BY INSTINCT- MAHENDRA SINGH DHONI- ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
LEADER BY INSTINCT- MAHENDRA SINGH DHONI- ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOURLEADER BY INSTINCT- MAHENDRA SINGH DHONI- ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
LEADER BY INSTINCT- MAHENDRA SINGH DHONI- ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
 
Building the true Agile Mindset – Learning from the most disciplined organiza...
Building the true Agile Mindset – Learning from the most disciplined organiza...Building the true Agile Mindset – Learning from the most disciplined organiza...
Building the true Agile Mindset – Learning from the most disciplined organiza...
 
Leader Profile_Assignment_RajK
Leader Profile_Assignment_RajKLeader Profile_Assignment_RajK
Leader Profile_Assignment_RajK
 
Team Building & Leadership Skills of MSD- Mahindra Singh Dhoni
Team Building & Leadership Skills of MSD- Mahindra Singh DhoniTeam Building & Leadership Skills of MSD- Mahindra Singh Dhoni
Team Building & Leadership Skills of MSD- Mahindra Singh Dhoni
 
Rookie coach brochure
Rookie coach brochureRookie coach brochure
Rookie coach brochure
 
Lessons from the movie lagaan
Lessons from the movie lagaanLessons from the movie lagaan
Lessons from the movie lagaan
 

Recently uploaded

Austria vs France David Alaba Switches Position to Defender in Austria's Euro...
Austria vs France David Alaba Switches Position to Defender in Austria's Euro...Austria vs France David Alaba Switches Position to Defender in Austria's Euro...
Austria vs France David Alaba Switches Position to Defender in Austria's Euro...Eticketing.co
 
Expert Pool Table Refelting in Lee & Collier County, FL
Expert Pool Table Refelting in Lee & Collier County, FLExpert Pool Table Refelting in Lee & Collier County, FL
Expert Pool Table Refelting in Lee & Collier County, FLAll American Billiards
 
PPT on INDIA VS PAKISTAN - A Sports Rivalry
PPT on INDIA VS PAKISTAN - A Sports RivalryPPT on INDIA VS PAKISTAN - A Sports Rivalry
PPT on INDIA VS PAKISTAN - A Sports Rivalryanirbannath184
 
IPL Quiz ( weekly quiz) by SJU quizzers.
IPL Quiz ( weekly quiz) by SJU quizzers.IPL Quiz ( weekly quiz) by SJU quizzers.
IPL Quiz ( weekly quiz) by SJU quizzers.SJU Quizzers
 
Spain Vs Italy Showdown Between Italy and Spain Could Determine UEFA Euro 202...
Spain Vs Italy Showdown Between Italy and Spain Could Determine UEFA Euro 202...Spain Vs Italy Showdown Between Italy and Spain Could Determine UEFA Euro 202...
Spain Vs Italy Showdown Between Italy and Spain Could Determine UEFA Euro 202...World Wide Tickets And Hospitality
 
Italy Vs Albania Euro Cup 2024 Italy's Strategy for Success.docx
Italy Vs Albania Euro Cup 2024 Italy's Strategy for Success.docxItaly Vs Albania Euro Cup 2024 Italy's Strategy for Success.docx
Italy Vs Albania Euro Cup 2024 Italy's Strategy for Success.docxWorld Wide Tickets And Hospitality
 
Instruction Manual | ThermTec Hunt Thermal Clip-On Series | Optics Trade
Instruction Manual | ThermTec Hunt Thermal Clip-On Series | Optics TradeInstruction Manual | ThermTec Hunt Thermal Clip-On Series | Optics Trade
Instruction Manual | ThermTec Hunt Thermal Clip-On Series | Optics TradeOptics-Trade
 
Austria VS France Injury Woes a Look at Euro 2024 Qualifiers.docx
Austria VS France Injury Woes a Look at Euro 2024 Qualifiers.docxAustria VS France Injury Woes a Look at Euro 2024 Qualifiers.docx
Austria VS France Injury Woes a Look at Euro 2024 Qualifiers.docxWorld Wide Tickets And Hospitality
 
Introduction to Basketball-PowerPoint Presentation
Introduction to Basketball-PowerPoint PresentationIntroduction to Basketball-PowerPoint Presentation
Introduction to Basketball-PowerPoint PresentationJuliusMacaballug
 
Instruction Manual | ThermTec Wild Thermal Monoculars | Optics Trade
Instruction Manual | ThermTec Wild Thermal Monoculars | Optics TradeInstruction Manual | ThermTec Wild Thermal Monoculars | Optics Trade
Instruction Manual | ThermTec Wild Thermal Monoculars | Optics TradeOptics-Trade
 
Mysore Call Girls 7001305949 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best Services
Mysore Call Girls 7001305949 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best ServicesMysore Call Girls 7001305949 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best Services
Mysore Call Girls 7001305949 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best Servicesnajka9823
 
France's UEFA Euro 2024 Ambitions Amid Coman's Injury.docx
France's UEFA Euro 2024 Ambitions Amid Coman's Injury.docxFrance's UEFA Euro 2024 Ambitions Amid Coman's Injury.docx
France's UEFA Euro 2024 Ambitions Amid Coman's Injury.docxEuro Cup 2024 Tickets
 
JORNADA 3 LIGA MURO 2024GHGHGHGHGHGH.pdf
JORNADA 3 LIGA MURO 2024GHGHGHGHGHGH.pdfJORNADA 3 LIGA MURO 2024GHGHGHGHGHGH.pdf
JORNADA 3 LIGA MURO 2024GHGHGHGHGHGH.pdfArturo Pacheco Alvarez
 
Real Moto 2 MOD APK v1.1.721 All Bikes, Unlimited Money
Real Moto 2 MOD APK v1.1.721 All Bikes, Unlimited MoneyReal Moto 2 MOD APK v1.1.721 All Bikes, Unlimited Money
Real Moto 2 MOD APK v1.1.721 All Bikes, Unlimited MoneyApk Toly
 
Technical Data | ThermTec Wild 335 | Optics Trade
Technical Data | ThermTec Wild 335 | Optics TradeTechnical Data | ThermTec Wild 335 | Optics Trade
Technical Data | ThermTec Wild 335 | Optics TradeOptics-Trade
 
Turkiye Vs Georgia Turkey's UEFA Euro 2024 Journey with High Hopes.pdf
Turkiye Vs Georgia Turkey's UEFA Euro 2024 Journey with High Hopes.pdfTurkiye Vs Georgia Turkey's UEFA Euro 2024 Journey with High Hopes.pdf
Turkiye Vs Georgia Turkey's UEFA Euro 2024 Journey with High Hopes.pdfEticketing.co
 

Recently uploaded (16)

Austria vs France David Alaba Switches Position to Defender in Austria's Euro...
Austria vs France David Alaba Switches Position to Defender in Austria's Euro...Austria vs France David Alaba Switches Position to Defender in Austria's Euro...
Austria vs France David Alaba Switches Position to Defender in Austria's Euro...
 
Expert Pool Table Refelting in Lee & Collier County, FL
Expert Pool Table Refelting in Lee & Collier County, FLExpert Pool Table Refelting in Lee & Collier County, FL
Expert Pool Table Refelting in Lee & Collier County, FL
 
PPT on INDIA VS PAKISTAN - A Sports Rivalry
PPT on INDIA VS PAKISTAN - A Sports RivalryPPT on INDIA VS PAKISTAN - A Sports Rivalry
PPT on INDIA VS PAKISTAN - A Sports Rivalry
 
IPL Quiz ( weekly quiz) by SJU quizzers.
IPL Quiz ( weekly quiz) by SJU quizzers.IPL Quiz ( weekly quiz) by SJU quizzers.
IPL Quiz ( weekly quiz) by SJU quizzers.
 
Spain Vs Italy Showdown Between Italy and Spain Could Determine UEFA Euro 202...
Spain Vs Italy Showdown Between Italy and Spain Could Determine UEFA Euro 202...Spain Vs Italy Showdown Between Italy and Spain Could Determine UEFA Euro 202...
Spain Vs Italy Showdown Between Italy and Spain Could Determine UEFA Euro 202...
 
Italy Vs Albania Euro Cup 2024 Italy's Strategy for Success.docx
Italy Vs Albania Euro Cup 2024 Italy's Strategy for Success.docxItaly Vs Albania Euro Cup 2024 Italy's Strategy for Success.docx
Italy Vs Albania Euro Cup 2024 Italy's Strategy for Success.docx
 
Instruction Manual | ThermTec Hunt Thermal Clip-On Series | Optics Trade
Instruction Manual | ThermTec Hunt Thermal Clip-On Series | Optics TradeInstruction Manual | ThermTec Hunt Thermal Clip-On Series | Optics Trade
Instruction Manual | ThermTec Hunt Thermal Clip-On Series | Optics Trade
 
Austria VS France Injury Woes a Look at Euro 2024 Qualifiers.docx
Austria VS France Injury Woes a Look at Euro 2024 Qualifiers.docxAustria VS France Injury Woes a Look at Euro 2024 Qualifiers.docx
Austria VS France Injury Woes a Look at Euro 2024 Qualifiers.docx
 
Introduction to Basketball-PowerPoint Presentation
Introduction to Basketball-PowerPoint PresentationIntroduction to Basketball-PowerPoint Presentation
Introduction to Basketball-PowerPoint Presentation
 
Instruction Manual | ThermTec Wild Thermal Monoculars | Optics Trade
Instruction Manual | ThermTec Wild Thermal Monoculars | Optics TradeInstruction Manual | ThermTec Wild Thermal Monoculars | Optics Trade
Instruction Manual | ThermTec Wild Thermal Monoculars | Optics Trade
 
Mysore Call Girls 7001305949 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best Services
Mysore Call Girls 7001305949 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best ServicesMysore Call Girls 7001305949 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best Services
Mysore Call Girls 7001305949 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best Services
 
France's UEFA Euro 2024 Ambitions Amid Coman's Injury.docx
France's UEFA Euro 2024 Ambitions Amid Coman's Injury.docxFrance's UEFA Euro 2024 Ambitions Amid Coman's Injury.docx
France's UEFA Euro 2024 Ambitions Amid Coman's Injury.docx
 
JORNADA 3 LIGA MURO 2024GHGHGHGHGHGH.pdf
JORNADA 3 LIGA MURO 2024GHGHGHGHGHGH.pdfJORNADA 3 LIGA MURO 2024GHGHGHGHGHGH.pdf
JORNADA 3 LIGA MURO 2024GHGHGHGHGHGH.pdf
 
Real Moto 2 MOD APK v1.1.721 All Bikes, Unlimited Money
Real Moto 2 MOD APK v1.1.721 All Bikes, Unlimited MoneyReal Moto 2 MOD APK v1.1.721 All Bikes, Unlimited Money
Real Moto 2 MOD APK v1.1.721 All Bikes, Unlimited Money
 
Technical Data | ThermTec Wild 335 | Optics Trade
Technical Data | ThermTec Wild 335 | Optics TradeTechnical Data | ThermTec Wild 335 | Optics Trade
Technical Data | ThermTec Wild 335 | Optics Trade
 
Turkiye Vs Georgia Turkey's UEFA Euro 2024 Journey with High Hopes.pdf
Turkiye Vs Georgia Turkey's UEFA Euro 2024 Journey with High Hopes.pdfTurkiye Vs Georgia Turkey's UEFA Euro 2024 Journey with High Hopes.pdf
Turkiye Vs Georgia Turkey's UEFA Euro 2024 Journey with High Hopes.pdf
 

MS Dhoni's leadership lessons from Indian cricket team's historic series win

  • 1. Management Lessons from Indian Cricket Team visit kamyabology.com for similar video/ppt/articles
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.