a study to convert waste material (cockle shell) into a value-added product (ie dehumidifier)

1. ECO-MOISTURE SORPTION
(EMS)
ETP GROUP 56
NIK ALIFF SYAZREEN BIN SABRI 13526
MOHAMAD SAFWAN SYAHIR BIN MOHD AZMI 13548
MOHAMMAD SHAFIQ BIN MOHAMMAD ASHRAF 15208
MOHAMED ABDELGADIR MOHAMED AHMED ELFAKI 15800
CLAIRE CHANG LI SI CHANG AIK LENG 13779
SITI FATIMAH ILI BINTI OMAR 13913
SUPERVISOR : AP DR SUZANA BINTI YUSUP

2. CONTENT
Introduction
Background Studies
Methodology
Project Planning
Result and Discussion
Conclusion and
Recommendations

3. INTRODUCTION
• Problem statement
• Objectives

4. PROBLEM STATEMENT
• Cockle shell dumped
and left untreated
• Quarrying of CaCO₃
lead to air & noise
pollution

5. OBJECTIVES
Main Objective
- To convert waste to value-added product
Additional Objective
- To reduce waste material
- To obtain alternative source of CaCO₃
- To apply the use of CaCO₃ in the daily life

6. BACKGROUND STUDIES
• Literature review

7. LITERATURE REVIEW
Three (3) main elements in Eco-Moisture
Sorption :
i) The source – cockle shells
ii) The medium – small container
ii) The other usage – potpourri
Calcium carbonate extracted by quarrying –
deforestation and environmental damage
Alternative – cockle shells – 95-99% CaCO₃

8. LITERATURE REVIEW
Application of CaCO₃ - dehumidifier
Main absorbent is Calcium Chloride, CaCl₂ :
- derived from cockle shells
- exothermic reaction
- great capacity to attract moisture
- very fast drying agent
No previous researches – dehumidifier by using
CaCO₃ extracted from cockle shells

9. METHODOLOGY
• Preparation of CaCl₂
• Preparation of fragrance

10. PREPARATION OF CACl₂
CaCO3 + 2HCl → CO2 + H2O + CaCl2

11. PREPARATION OF FRAGRANCE

12. PROJECT PLANNING
• Project flow
• Task distribution

13. PROJECT FLOW
Week 1 and 2 : brainstormed ideas
Week 3 : make use of waste
product(cockle shells).
Week 4 : required procedure – research.
Week 5 and 6 : optimum condition
- factors affecting yield.

14. PROJECT FLOW
Week 7 : 1st run ; testing hypothesis.
Week 8 : 2nd run ; apply optimization to
increase yield. Product being
contaminated. Need to re-run.
Week 9 : 3rd run ; diluting the
concentration of acid. Get the
final product.
Week 10 : Introducing fragrance from
waste materials as well. Design the
packaging.

15. TASK DISTRIBUTION
MOHAMAD SAFWAN SYAHIR BIN
MOHD AZMI
 Leads the team, plan and conduct
weekly meetings and activities.
 Allocates tasks to all members.
 Monitors progress of project.
 Make sure all the project activities
are done on time.
CLAIRE CHANG LI SI
 Heads meeting when leader
is unavailable.
 Keep record of all the data
and document.
 Ensure all the necessary
documents are done
properly.
SITI FATIMAH ILI BT OMAR
 Keep record of the group’s
expenditure.
 Manage budget and
money flow for project.
 In-charge of all the claims
(fill up the Students’
Requisition Form).
MOHAMMAD SHAFIQ BIN
MOHAMMAD ASHRAF
• Develops the mechanism for the
prototype.
• Design technical part of the
project.
• Ensure project materials are in
shape.
MOHAMED ABDELGADIR
MOHAMED AHMED ELFAKI
 Gather relevant information
and decide on the best
material.
 Keep updated with the
progress of project and find
ways to improve it.
NIK ALIFF SYAZREEN BIN
SABRI
• Lead the design process.
• Design the prototype in
Autodesk Inventor and in
conceptual sketches before
fabrication.

16. RESULTS
• Data
• Graph

17. DATA
Run 1
Variable Value
Weight of
CaCO₃
5g
Volume of HCl 500 ml
HCl
concentration
0.1 M
Size of CaCO3
particle
o Powder
o Medium size (2 mm –
4 mm)

18. RESULT
Run 1
Sample CaCl₂ Yield
1 1.7524 g
2 0.3531 g

19. DATA
Run 2
Variable Value
Size of CaCO₃
particle
Powder form
Weight of CaCO₃
o 5g
o 10g
o 15g
Volume of HCl
o 100 ml
o 50 ml
o 200 ml
HCl concentration
o 0.1 M
o 0.05 M
o 0.2 M

20. DATA
Run 3
Variable Value
Size of CaCO₃ particle Powder form
Weight of CaCO₃
o 5g
o 10g
o 15g
Volume of diluted HCl 500 ml
Volume of 1 mol of HCl
o 50 ml
o 100 ml
o 200 ml
HCl concentration
o 0.1 M
o 0.2 M
o 0.4 M

21. RESULT
Run 1 vs Run 3
Run (5g) CaCl₂ Yield
1 1.7524 g
3 3.55 g

22. RESULT
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
10 g 5 g
Percentage Yield of CaCl₂ With Varying
Wight of Cockle Shell
Run (0.1 M) CaCl₂ Yield
1 1.7524 g
3 3.55 g

23. PROTOTYPE COMPARISON
Our Product
/ gram
Commercial /
gram
Before (t=0) 17.30 g 16.50 g
After (t = 60 m) 17.44 g 16.64
After (t = 3 days) 19.61 g 18.82 g
Weight of water
absorbed (t = 60 m)
0.14 g 0.14 g
Weight of water
absorbed (t = 3 d)
2.31 g 2.32 g

24. RESULT

25. DISCUSSION
• Calculation
• Economical consideration

26. CONCENTRATION OF CaCO₃
Theory
15 g of CaCO₃ yields 16.5 g CaCl₂
Experiment
15 g of CaCO₃ yields 11 g of CaCl₂
Concentration of CaCO₃ in the cockle shell
is calculated to be 66.7%

27. ECONOMICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Item Cost per unit(450g)
Cockle Shell FREE
Hydrochloric Acid RM0.70
Filter paper RM1.10
Lime skin/Flowers FREE
Scented Oils RM0.05
Container RM0.50
Miscellanous RM0.30
Total RM2.65

28. CONCLUSION &
RECOMMENDATIONS

29. CONCLUSION
Production of scented green
dehumidifier from waste
material.
Waste Material
( Cockle Shells )
EMS Product

30. CONCLUSION
EMS advantages:
1) Cost Competitive
2) Eco- Friendly
3) Contents of the EMS
is biodegradable and
the plastic container
is recyclable.
EMS Product

31. RECOMMENDATION
 Mixing Cockle Shells from different places to have
higher percentage of CaCO3 .
 Optimizing lab experiment environment such as:
1) Concentration and amount of HCL used
2) Temperature and pressure
 Provide small Sachet filled with pure CaCL2 in the
market.
 Use Petals for another flowers which can preserve its
odour for much longer time such as Jasmine.

32. REFERENCE
[1] (2007, December 15). Kerajaan Sasar Hasil 130000 Tan Metric Kerang.
Utusan Malaysia. 15 December 2007. Retrieved on June 9, 2012 from
http://www.seafdec.org.my.
[2] A Guide to Physical Properties. Retrieved on June 7, 2012 from
http://www.oxycalciumchloride.com.
[3] Barros, M.C., Bao, M., Bello, P.M., and Torrado, J.J. (2009). From Waste To
Commodity: Transforming Shells Into High Purity Calcium Carbonate. Cleaner
Production, 17(3), 400-407.
[4] Calcium Chloride. Retrieved on June 9, 2012 from
http://www.calciumchloride.co.uk/index.html.
[5] Calcium Chloride: A Superior Choice Over Silica Gel. Weatherly Japan K.K.
[6] Langer, W.H. (2011) Potential environmental impacts of quarrying stone in
karst-A literature review. USGS Open-File Report of-01-0484. Retrieved on June
5, 2012 from http://pubs.usgs.gov/ of/2001 /ofr-01 -0484/ofr-01 -0484so.pdf.
[7] Maitra, S., Mohamed, M., and Yusup, S. (2012). Decomposition Study of
Calcium Carbonate in Cockle Shell. Journal of Engineering Science and
Technology. School of Engineering Taylor’s University, 7(1), 1-10.

33. Thank You 
Q&A Session