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Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
PROKARYOTIC AND
EUKARYOTIC CELLS
CHAPTER 4

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cellular Characteristics

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Prokaryotic Cells
 Sizes
 Shapes
 Arrangement

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Typical Prokaryotic Cell

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cell Wall Components
 Peptidoglycan
 Outer Membrane
 Lipolysaccharide A
(LPS)
 Periplasmic space

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Gram Positive Cell Walls
 Peptidoglycan
 Teichoic Acids

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Gram Negative Cell Walls
 Outer Membrane
 Periplasmic space
– Digestive Enzymes
– Protein pumps
 LPS components

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Other Cell Walls
 Acid Fast Cell Wall
 Cell Wall Deficient bacteria

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Prokaryotic Plasma Membrane
 Phospholipids
 Fluid Mosaic

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Prokaryotic Plasma Membrane

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Internal structures
 Cytoplasm
 Ribosomes
 Nuclear region

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Inclusions
 Chromatophores
 Metachromatic
granules
 Vesicles

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Endospores
 Stasis versus
vegetative state
 Medically
significant genera
 Resistances
 Dipicolinic acid

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
External Prokaryotic Structures
 Motility:
– Flagellae
– Axial filaments

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Motility “Behaviors”

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
External Prokaryotic Structures
 Attachment:
– Pili
• Conjugation
pili
– Fimbriae

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Glycocalyx
 Capsule
 Slime Layer

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Eukaryotic Cell Structure

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Core Cellular Components
 Plasma membrane
 Cytoplasm
 Nucleus
 Ribosomes

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
 Mitochondria

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
 Chloroplasts

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Membranous Networks
 Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Golgi apparatus

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Eukaryotic Organelles/ Inclusions
 Lysosomes
 Peroxisomes
 Vacuoles
 Cytoskeleton

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Motility
 Flagella
 Cilia
 Pseudopods

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cell Wall components
 Plants
 Fungi
 Protozoan pellicle

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Endosymbiosis
 Mitochondria
 Chloroplasts

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Eukaryotic/Prokaryotic symbiosis observed in
today’s world (Protozoan termite inhabitant with
internalized bacteria)

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Movement across Membranes
 Diffusion
 Osmosis
 Active Transport

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Endo/Exocytosis
 Engulfment (Endocytosis)
 Phagocytosis
 Extrusion (Exocytosis)

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