2.  presence of endometrial tissue outside the
uterine cavity
 endometrial tissue is misplaced and grows in
other places outside the uterus
 10% of the female population of reproductive
age
 The exact cause of endometriosis is still
unknown.

4.  Even though the exact cause of
endometriosis is still unknown there are
some theories that could explain the reason
of it
1) Retrograde Menstruation
2) Coelomic Metaplasia
3) hereditary disease

5. 1)Sever pain in the abdominal and pelvic areas
2) Infertility
About 30% of woman who suffer from
endometriosis will have infertility

7. 1) Oestrogen
● group of hormones that promotes the
reproductive system and the secondary
characteristic in females
●simulate the production of Follicle
Stimulating Hormone.
●endometriosis is an oestrogen- dependant
disease.

8. 2) Growth hormone and Growth- Hormone
releasing hormone
●Growth hormone is a protein hormone
●Regulates growth and development
● involved in the process of sexual
differentiation, pubertal maturation
● Growth- Hormone Releasing Hormone is
produced by the hypothalamus and
stimulates the release of Growth Hormone.

9.  Slater’s
study (2003) indicate that Growth
hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and GH
hormone promote endometrial proliferation
and endometrial carciroma.
 During this study
1) banked tissue : normal uterine sample and
endometriosis samples
2) Immunochemistry of each tissue was
analyzed using different antibodies
3) Immunolabeling of both samples were
performed

10.  Results show that endometriotic tissue
showed increase in immunolabeling of GH
compared with normal tissue.
 Slater (2003) concluded that GH may play a
role in the progression of both endoetriosis
and endometrial canciroma

11. ● stimulate the production and development of
the human reproductive system
● kinds of gonadotropic hormones: Luteinizing
Hormone (LH) and Follicle stimulating
hormone (FSH)
● LH stimulates sex steroid secretion
● FSH stimulates the growth and maturation of
the ovarian follicles.

13.  Gonadotropin releasing hormone is used in
form of an agonist, called Gonadotropin
releasing hormone agonist, to treat
endometriosis pain
 most used and effective clinical treatment
for endometriosis pain.

14.  Apart from surgery, the treatments
administered for endometriosis are mostly to
reduce pain.
 Hormones had been used to control the
thickening and bleeding of the tissue and are
proved to be the most effective in pain
reduction.

15. 1. Growth hormone releasing hormone agonist
● GnRH agonist inhibits the secretion of GnRH
to the gonadotrophs
● These hormones work by turning off the
ovaries causing a pseudo-menopause.
●They inhibit the effect of hormones that
cause ovulation, especially estrogen, and
leads to inflammation and pain
● GnRH agonist therapy consists of several
injections or nasal spray during
approximately three months

16.  Meresman’s (2003) study indicate that GnRH
play an important role in the reduction of
cell proliferation in endometriosis.
 During this study:
1) Tissue were selected: 16 with untreated
endometriosis and 14 control
2) Tissue was planted and incubated
3) Cells were washed and different agents
(including LA, as a GnRH) were added
4) Tissue was inclubated for 48 additional
hours

17.  Meresman (2003) concluded that GnRH-a
appear to have a direct effect in decreasing
the cell proliferation in endoetrial cells.

18.  GH and GhRH may play a role in endometrial
proliferation. It may also play a role in the
progression of both endoetriosis and
endometrial canciroma. As more
proliferation occurs, more misplaced tissue is
found, increasing the pain prdoduce by this
condition.
 While GnRH was been proven to decrease
cell proliferation in endometrial tissues. As
proliferation is reduced, the patient
experiences less pain due to a decrease of
the amount of the misplaced tissue.

19.  Studies about how Growth hormone and
Growth hormone releasing hormone work in
the progression of cell proliferation during
endometriosis, could be related to the cause
of this condtition.
 Studing this hormone can give a cause of why
is this condition produced.

20.  Meresman G, Bilotas M,Buquet R,Baraño
R,Sueldo C,Tesone M.2003.“Gonadotropin-
releasing hormone agonist induces apoptosis
and reduces cell proliferation in eutopic
endometrial cultures from women with
endometriosis”. Fertility and sterility.
[Internet];[revised 2002 May 17] Vol 80:
Available in: http://www.s
ciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S00150
28203007696

21.  National Institute of Health
[Internet].[unknown].USA: National Institute
of Health;[unknown]. Available
in:http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/
Endometriosis.cfm
 Slater M,Copper M,Murphy CR. 2006. Human
Growth Hormone and Interleukin-6 are
Unregulated in Endometriosis and
Endometriod Adenocarcinoma.Acta
Histochemica [internet];[revised 2005 Oct
5];[cited 2008 Jan 18].108,13-18:Available
in: http://www.sciencedirect.com/ science
/article/pii/S0065128106000158

22.  The hormone foundation
[Internet].[2011].Connecticut: The hormone
foundation;[cited unknown].
http://www.hormone.org/Endo101/page2.cf
m
 Rose G.2005.What is endometriosis.Women’s
Health Medicine
[Internet];[unknown].Available in:Science
Direct
 Mona.Endometriosis-what is it
[video].USA:icyou, A Benefitfocus Company.
Available in:
http://www.youtube.com/user/icyouhealth#
p/search/0/pVrKiBUPoL4