26. Clerestory: The area of windows that rises above other parts of the roof.
27.
28. Pylons 18th Dynasty-30th Dynasty Pylon VII – 18th Dynasty Pylon VIII – 18th Dynasty Pylon IX – 18th Dynasty Pylon X – 18th Dynasty Pylon: Massive gateway, often at a temple, with sloping walls. Pylon I – 30th Dynasty Pylon II – 18th Dynasty Pylon III – 18th Dynasty Pylon IV/V/VI – Thutmosis I
29. Pylon I, seen from front. Temple of Amun, Karnak, Egypt.
30. Pylon I, seen from front. Temple of Amun, Karnak, Egypt.
31. Plan of sacred precinct of Amun at Karnak, Egypt. Sacred lake Most holy of places Hypostyle hall First pylon
32. View of Temple at Karnak. Pylon I Hypostyle Hall Most Holy of Places Sacred Lake
37. *Tomb miles away in a rock-cut tomb. Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut, Deir el-Bahri, 18th Dynasty, New Kingdom, 2009-1997 BCE.
38. Defaced Cartouche at Deir el-Medina The Reliefs of Hatshepsut Defaced, Temple of Amun at Karnak, 18th Dynasty, New Kingdom, 1473-1458 BCE (Built), 1458-1428 (Defaced)
50. Critical Thinking Questions How does the book of the dead function in ancient Egyptian ritual? How are the themes found in these “books” connected to other artifacts? What is the Amarna period? How does it represent a great divergence from the nature of Egyptian art and religion? Define the term “stasis” in reference to the history of Egyptian sculpture. Why might this concept be important to the Egyptian worldview and the resulting art? How are issues of gender and kingship approached on the statuary of Hatshepsut? Describe the development of tomb architecture from the Early Dynastic period to the New Kingdom. How have practical considerations impacted how the Egyptians provided for their pharaoh’s afterlife?
Editor's Notes
gynecomastia
It must be said that The Book of the Dead, although its title implies differently, is not really one book. It is really the catchall title that is given to the funerary texts that evolved from the earlier writings put on tomb walls (Fifth Dynasty) and sarcophagi (Middle Kingdom) to be put on papyrus in the New Kingdom. Although all of these texts have a lot of similarities, they are by no means identical. The version that will be used is a translation made by Miriam Lichtheim from several different texts.Ibid., 34.Step 1 The Declaration of Innocence: “I have not caused pain, / I have not caused tears. / I have not killed, / I have not ordered to kill, / I have not made anyone to suffer.” This section ends with him declaring that he is “pure” and that “no evil should befall [him].”Ibid., 125.Step 2 The Declaration to the 42 Gods: “O Bone- smasher, who comes from Hnes, I have not told lies.”Step 3 The Address to the Gods: He has claimed to “have given bread to the hungry, / Water to the thirsty, / Clothes to the naked, / A ferryboat to the boatless.” Ibid., 128Step 4 First Interrogations: In “The First Interrogation” The deceased is tested on the mysteries of Osiris and the gods. When is knowledge is confirmed by his answers he is told, “Come then, enter the gate of this Hall of the Two Truths, / For you know us.” Ibid., 130Step 5 Second Interrogations: In “The Second Interrogation,” the hall itself tests the deceased further. With each challenge the deceased must respond with the challenger’s name. For Example in the case of the bolt-clasp, “ ‘I shall not open for you,’ / Says the bolt-clasp of this gate, / ‘Unless you tell my name,’ / ‘Eye-of-Sobk-Lord-of-Bakhu is your name.’ ” This speech ends with the deceased being judged worthy, and Thoth presents him in front of Osiris to be admitted into the afterlife. Ibid. Ibid., 131
It must be said that The Book of the Dead, although its title implies differently, is not really one book. It is really the catchall title that is given to the funerary texts that evolved from the earlier writings put on tomb walls (Fifth Dynasty) and sarcophagi (Middle Kingdom) to be put on papyrus in the New Kingdom. Although all of these texts have a lot of similarities, they are by no means identical. The version that will be used is a translation made by Miriam Lichtheim from several different texts.Ibid., 34.Step 1 The Declaration of Innocence: “I have not caused pain, / I have not caused tears. / I have not killed, / I have not ordered to kill, / I have not made anyone to suffer.” This section ends with him declaring that he is “pure” and that “no evil should befall [him].”Ibid., 125.Step 2 The Declaration to the 42 Gods: “O Bone- smasher, who comes from Hnes, I have not told lies.”Step 3 The Address to the Gods: He has claimed to “have given bread to the hungry, / Water to the thirsty, / Clothes to the naked, / A ferryboat to the boatless.” Ibid., 128Step 4 First Interrogations: In “The First Interrogation” The deceased is tested on the mysteries of Osiris and the gods. When is knowledge is confirmed by his answers he is told, “Come then, enter the gate of this Hall of the Two Truths, / For you know us.” Ibid., 130Step 5 Second Interrogations: In “The Second Interrogation,” the hall itself tests the deceased further. With each challenge the deceased must respond with the challenger’s name. For Example in the case of the bolt-clasp, “ ‘I shall not open for you,’ / Says the bolt-clasp of this gate, / ‘Unless you tell my name,’ / ‘Eye-of-Sobk-Lord-of-Bakhu is your name.’ ” This speech ends with the deceased being judged worthy, and Thoth presents him in front of Osiris to be admitted into the afterlife. Ibid. Ibid., 131
It must be said that The Book of the Dead, although its title implies differently, is not really one book. It is really the catchall title that is given to the funerary texts that evolved from the earlier writings put on tomb walls (Fifth Dynasty) and sarcophagi (Middle Kingdom) to be put on papyrus in the New Kingdom. Although all of these texts have a lot of similarities, they are by no means identical. The version that will be used is a translation made by Miriam Lichtheim from several different texts.Ibid., 34.Step 1 The Declaration of Innocence: “I have not caused pain, / I have not caused tears. / I have not killed, / I have not ordered to kill, / I have not made anyone to suffer.” This section ends with him declaring that he is “pure” and that “no evil should befall [him].”Ibid., 125.Step 2 The Declaration to the 42 Gods: “O Bone- smasher, who comes from Hnes, I have not told lies.”Step 3 The Address to the Gods: He has claimed to “have given bread to the hungry, / Water to the thirsty, / Clothes to the naked, / A ferryboat to the boatless.” Ibid., 128Step 4 First Interrogations: In “The First Interrogation” The deceased is tested on the mysteries of Osiris and the gods. When is knowledge is confirmed by his answers he is told, “Come then, enter the gate of this Hall of the Two Truths, / For you know us.” Ibid., 130Step 5 Second Interrogations: In “The Second Interrogation,” the hall itself tests the deceased further. With each challenge the deceased must respond with the challenger’s name. For Example in the case of the bolt-clasp, “ ‘I shall not open for you,’ / Says the bolt-clasp of this gate, / ‘Unless you tell my name,’ / ‘Eye-of-Sobk-Lord-of-Bakhu is your name.’ ” This speech ends with the deceased being judged worthy, and Thoth presents him in front of Osiris to be admitted into the afterlife. Ibid. Ibid., 131
It must be said that The Book of the Dead, although its title implies differently, is not really one book. It is really the catchall title that is given to the funerary texts that evolved from the earlier writings put on tomb walls (Fifth Dynasty) and sarcophagi (Middle Kingdom) to be put on papyrus in the New Kingdom. Although all of these texts have a lot of similarities, they are by no means identical. The version that will be used is a translation made by Miriam Lichtheim from several different texts.Ibid., 34.Step 1 The Declaration of Innocence: “I have not caused pain, / I have not caused tears. / I have not killed, / I have not ordered to kill, / I have not made anyone to suffer.” This section ends with him declaring that he is “pure” and that “no evil should befall [him].”Ibid., 125.Step 2 The Declaration to the 42 Gods: “O Bone- smasher, who comes from Hnes, I have not told lies.”Step 3 The Address to the Gods: He has claimed to “have given bread to the hungry, / Water to the thirsty, / Clothes to the naked, / A ferryboat to the boatless.” Ibid., 128Step 4 First Interrogations: In “The First Interrogation” The deceased is tested on the mysteries of Osiris and the gods. When is knowledge is confirmed by his answers he is told, “Come then, enter the gate of this Hall of the Two Truths, / For you know us.” Ibid., 130Step 5 Second Interrogations: In “The Second Interrogation,” the hall itself tests the deceased further. With each challenge the deceased must respond with the challenger’s name. For Example in the case of the bolt-clasp, “ ‘I shall not open for you,’ / Says the bolt-clasp of this gate, / ‘Unless you tell my name,’ / ‘Eye-of-Sobk-Lord-of-Bakhu is your name.’ ” This speech ends with the deceased being judged worthy, and Thoth presents him in front of Osiris to be admitted into the afterlife. Ibid. Ibid., 131
It must be said that The Book of the Dead, although its title implies differently, is not really one book. It is really the catchall title that is given to the funerary texts that evolved from the earlier writings put on tomb walls (Fifth Dynasty) and sarcophagi (Middle Kingdom) to be put on papyrus in the New Kingdom. Although all of these texts have a lot of similarities, they are by no means identical. The version that will be used is a translation made by Miriam Lichtheim from several different texts.Ibid., 34.Step 1 The Declaration of Innocence: “I have not caused pain, / I have not caused tears. / I have not killed, / I have not ordered to kill, / I have not made anyone to suffer.” This section ends with him declaring that he is “pure” and that “no evil should befall [him].”Ibid., 125.Step 2 The Declaration to the 42 Gods: “O Bone- smasher, who comes from Hnes, I have not told lies.”Step 3 The Address to the Gods: He has claimed to “have given bread to the hungry, / Water to the thirsty, / Clothes to the naked, / A ferryboat to the boatless.” Ibid., 128Step 4 First Interrogations: In “The First Interrogation” The deceased is tested on the mysteries of Osiris and the gods. When is knowledge is confirmed by his answers he is told, “Come then, enter the gate of this Hall of the Two Truths, / For you know us.” Ibid., 130Step 5 Second Interrogations: In “The Second Interrogation,” the hall itself tests the deceased further. With each challenge the deceased must respond with the challenger’s name. For Example in the case of the bolt-clasp, “ ‘I shall not open for you,’ / Says the bolt-clasp of this gate, / ‘Unless you tell my name,’ / ‘Eye-of-Sobk-Lord-of-Bakhu is your name.’ ” This speech ends with the deceased being judged worthy, and Thoth presents him in front of Osiris to be admitted into the afterlife. Ibid. Ibid., 131
It must be said that The Book of the Dead, although its title implies differently, is not really one book. It is really the catchall title that is given to the funerary texts that evolved from the earlier writings put on tomb walls (Fifth Dynasty) and sarcophagi (Middle Kingdom) to be put on papyrus in the New Kingdom. Although all of these texts have a lot of similarities, they are by no means identical. The version that will be used is a translation made by Miriam Lichtheim from several different texts.Ibid., 34.Step 1 The Declaration of Innocence: “I have not caused pain, / I have not caused tears. / I have not killed, / I have not ordered to kill, / I have not made anyone to suffer.” This section ends with him declaring that he is “pure” and that “no evil should befall [him].”Ibid., 125.Step 2 The Declaration to the 42 Gods: “O Bone- smasher, who comes from Hnes, I have not told lies.”Step 3 The Address to the Gods: He has claimed to “have given bread to the hungry, / Water to the thirsty, / Clothes to the naked, / A ferryboat to the boatless.” Ibid., 128Step 4 First Interrogations: In “The First Interrogation” The deceased is tested on the mysteries of Osiris and the gods. When is knowledge is confirmed by his answers he is told, “Come then, enter the gate of this Hall of the Two Truths, / For you know us.” Ibid., 130Step 5 Second Interrogations: In “The Second Interrogation,” the hall itself tests the deceased further. With each challenge the deceased must respond with the challenger’s name. For Example in the case of the bolt-clasp, “ ‘I shall not open for you,’ / Says the bolt-clasp of this gate, / ‘Unless you tell my name,’ / ‘Eye-of-Sobk-Lord-of-Bakhu is your name.’ ” This speech ends with the deceased being judged worthy, and Thoth presents him in front of Osiris to be admitted into the afterlife. Ibid. Ibid., 131 Nantron =a naturally occurring mixture of sodium carbonatedecahydrate (Na2CO3·10H2O, a kind of soda ash) and about 17% sodium bicarbonate (also called nahcolite[1] or baking soda, NaHCO3) along with small quantities of household salt (halite, sodium chloride) and sodium sulfate.Lotus and Papyrus on Four Canopic Jars = Horus’ Four Sons = Hapi (Baboon/Lungs/Nephthys), Imsety (Human/Liver/Isis), Duamutef (Jackel/Stomach/Neith), Qebehsenuef (Hawk/Intestines/Serket)
![Art of Ancient Egypt Reading: Stokstad, 62-79 Range: 1975-332 BCE Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom, Late Period Terms/Concepts: Clerestory, Hypostyle, Rock-Cut Tomb, Ankh, Amarna, Peristyle, Book of the Dead, Pylon, Block Sculpture, continuous narrative, Aten, monotheism, polytheism, canon of proportions, clerestory, Monument: ,[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/artofancientegyptpartiiupload-110909105128-phpapp01/85/art-of-ancient-egypt-part-ii-upload-1-320.jpg)
