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Art and Power
Reading:                        Key Monuments:
Nigel Spivey, “Art and Power”    Palette of Narmer, Early
from When Art made the            Dynastic Egypt, 2950 BCE
World, 155-195.                  Stele of Naram Sin,
                                  Akkadian, 2254-2218 BCE
Terms/Concepts:                  Tomb of the First Emperor,
divine right, hieratic scale,     Shihuangdi, Shaanxi
apadana, legalism,                Provence, China, c. 210 BCE
                                 The Augustus Primaporta,
                                  Roman Imperial, 1st century
                                  CE (possible copy of 20 CE
                                  original).
Instruments of Power

1. Divinity
2. Empire/Buildin
   g
3. Faces of Power
4. Kingly Deeds
Instruments of Power

1. Divinity       Size = Importance
                   Rulers seen as the most
2. Empire/Buildin   imposing figure.
   g               Ancient kings were
                    often seen as “larger
3. Faces of Power   than life.”
                   Size is often linked to
4. Kingly Deeds     the divine nature of the
                         ruler.
Egypt
Hathor, the cow goddess, is the
                                      nurturer of kings.



                                                      Horus, the falcon
                                                      god declares
                                                      Narmer the rightful
                                                      king.

                                              Narmer is the biggest and
                                              strongest.




                                      Hieratic Scale is the method of
                                      using size and position to
                                      emphasize importance.


Palette of Narmer, Early Dynastic Egypt, 2950 BCE
Akkad
(Modern day Iraq)
Sunbursts represent the gods.




     Naram Sin is the largest and
     highest figure, therefore the
     most important.




         Horned crown is usually
         worn by a god.




Stele of Naram Sin, Akkadian, 2254-
2218 BCE
Babylon
(Modern day Iraq)
Hammurabi      Shamash




                           “My words are unrivalled…Let
                           any oppressed man, who has a
                           cause, come before my image
                           as king of righteousness!”




Stele of Hammurabi, Old Babylonian, 1792-
1750 BCE
Instruments of Power
                     Building projects
1. Divinity           showed the strength
                      and wealth of a ruler.
2. Empire/Buildin    Palaces communicate
   g                  the power of a king to
                      his subjects.
3. Faces of Power    Buildings could mark
                      the far reaches of
4. Kingly Deeds       empires, showing who
                      was in charge.
Persepolis
(Modern day Iran)
Reconstruction of Persepolis, c. 518-460 BCE
*The Apadana is the audience hall where Darius met with his
 subjects.




2-17, Apadana of Darius and Xerxes, Achaemenid Persian, 518-460 BCE
Lion attacking an Antelope, Apadana, Persepolis, Apadana, 518-460 BCE
Stairs and Processional Friezes, Apadana, Achaemenid Persian, 518-460 BCE
Stairs, Apadana, Achaemenid Persian, 518-460 BCE
Processional Friezes, Apadana, Achaemenid Persian, 518-460 BCE
Processional Friezes, Apadana, Achaemenid Persian, 518-460 BCE
Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Achaemenid Persian, 491-486 BCE
Near Xian
Shaanxi, China
Tomb of the First Emperor, Shihuangdi, Qin
Dynasty, Shaanxi Provence, China, c. 210 BCE
Tomb of the First Emperor, Shihuangdi, Qin
Dynasty Shaanxi Provence, China, c. 210 BCE
Near Nimes, France
• Aqueduct: An artificial channel for transporting water from a distant source




Pont du Gard, Nîmes (France). Late
first century BCE.
• Aqueduct: An artificial channel for transporting water from a distant source




Pont du Gard, Nîmes (France). Late
first century BCE.
Pont du Gard, Nîmes (France). Late
first century BCE.
Pont du Gard, Nîmes (France). Late
first century BCE.
Art and power upload
Instruments of Power
                     The way a king looked
1. Divinity           was supposed to
                      embody how a king
2. Empire/            ruled.
                     Kings were supposed to
     Building         look physically capable
                      of ruling.
1. Faces of Power    Kings were often
                      concerned with eternal
2. Kingly Deeds       youth and permanence.
Giza
(Near Modern day Cairo)
Cult Statue of Khafre, Old Kingdom, 2520-2465 BCE
Akkad
(Modern day Iraq)
Head of Akkadian Ruler, Akkadian, 2340-2180 BCE
Rome, Italy
The Augustus Primaporta, Roman Imperial, 1st
century CE (possible copy of 20 CE original).
Art and power upload
Art and power upload
Ife
(Modern day Nigeria)
1. Ifarahon (or visibility): bold features and
                          fine detail
                       2. Didon (or luminosity): smooth sheen
                       3. Gigun (or straight): strong posture and
                          features.
                       4. Odo (or “prime of life”): the proper age
                       5. Tut (or serenity): stoic expression
                       6. Ashe: Life Force
                       7. Iwa: Creativity
                       8. Ara: Evocative Power




Crowned Head of a King, Ife, Yoruba, 12th-15th
Century CE
Instruments of Power
                    Feats of Bravery
1. Divinity
                     Kings were required to
2. Empire/            prove their physical
                      strength.
     Building        Kings were expected to
                      be fierce warriors.
3. Faces of Power    A ruler’s military
4. Kingly Deeds       prowess was linked to
                      their right to rule.
Assyria
(Modern day Iraq)
Assurnasirpal II Killing Lions, Assyrian, 875-860 BCE
Lion Hunt, from the throne room of Assurbanipal, Nineveh, 647 BCE
Lion Hunt, Palace of Assurbanipal, Assyrian, 647 BCE
Dying Lion, Throne Room of Ashurbanipal, Nineveh, 647 BCE
Dead Lion, Throne Room of Ashurbanipal, Nineveh, 647 BCE
Rome, Italy
Art and power upload
Sol (Sun) on a
chariot


                         Luna (moon)


                       Roman
                       standard with
                       sculpture of
                       eagle


Roman soldier          Parthian soldier


Apollo on a
griffin
                           Diana on a
                           stag


                  Personification of
     Cornucopia
                  Bounty

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Art and power upload

  • 1. Art and Power Reading: Key Monuments: Nigel Spivey, “Art and Power”  Palette of Narmer, Early from When Art made the Dynastic Egypt, 2950 BCE World, 155-195.  Stele of Naram Sin, Akkadian, 2254-2218 BCE Terms/Concepts:  Tomb of the First Emperor, divine right, hieratic scale, Shihuangdi, Shaanxi apadana, legalism, Provence, China, c. 210 BCE  The Augustus Primaporta, Roman Imperial, 1st century CE (possible copy of 20 CE original).
  • 2. Instruments of Power 1. Divinity 2. Empire/Buildin g 3. Faces of Power 4. Kingly Deeds
  • 3. Instruments of Power 1. Divinity Size = Importance  Rulers seen as the most 2. Empire/Buildin imposing figure. g  Ancient kings were often seen as “larger 3. Faces of Power than life.”  Size is often linked to 4. Kingly Deeds the divine nature of the ruler.
  • 5. Hathor, the cow goddess, is the nurturer of kings. Horus, the falcon god declares Narmer the rightful king. Narmer is the biggest and strongest. Hieratic Scale is the method of using size and position to emphasize importance. Palette of Narmer, Early Dynastic Egypt, 2950 BCE
  • 7. Sunbursts represent the gods. Naram Sin is the largest and highest figure, therefore the most important. Horned crown is usually worn by a god. Stele of Naram Sin, Akkadian, 2254- 2218 BCE
  • 9. Hammurabi Shamash “My words are unrivalled…Let any oppressed man, who has a cause, come before my image as king of righteousness!” Stele of Hammurabi, Old Babylonian, 1792- 1750 BCE
  • 10. Instruments of Power  Building projects 1. Divinity showed the strength and wealth of a ruler. 2. Empire/Buildin  Palaces communicate g the power of a king to his subjects. 3. Faces of Power  Buildings could mark the far reaches of 4. Kingly Deeds empires, showing who was in charge.
  • 13. *The Apadana is the audience hall where Darius met with his subjects. 2-17, Apadana of Darius and Xerxes, Achaemenid Persian, 518-460 BCE
  • 14. Lion attacking an Antelope, Apadana, Persepolis, Apadana, 518-460 BCE
  • 15. Stairs and Processional Friezes, Apadana, Achaemenid Persian, 518-460 BCE
  • 16. Stairs, Apadana, Achaemenid Persian, 518-460 BCE
  • 17. Processional Friezes, Apadana, Achaemenid Persian, 518-460 BCE
  • 18. Processional Friezes, Apadana, Achaemenid Persian, 518-460 BCE
  • 19. Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Achaemenid Persian, 491-486 BCE
  • 21. Tomb of the First Emperor, Shihuangdi, Qin Dynasty, Shaanxi Provence, China, c. 210 BCE
  • 22. Tomb of the First Emperor, Shihuangdi, Qin Dynasty Shaanxi Provence, China, c. 210 BCE
  • 24. • Aqueduct: An artificial channel for transporting water from a distant source Pont du Gard, Nîmes (France). Late first century BCE.
  • 25. • Aqueduct: An artificial channel for transporting water from a distant source Pont du Gard, Nîmes (France). Late first century BCE.
  • 26. Pont du Gard, Nîmes (France). Late first century BCE.
  • 27. Pont du Gard, Nîmes (France). Late first century BCE.
  • 29. Instruments of Power  The way a king looked 1. Divinity was supposed to embody how a king 2. Empire/ ruled.  Kings were supposed to Building look physically capable of ruling. 1. Faces of Power  Kings were often concerned with eternal 2. Kingly Deeds youth and permanence.
  • 31. Cult Statue of Khafre, Old Kingdom, 2520-2465 BCE
  • 33. Head of Akkadian Ruler, Akkadian, 2340-2180 BCE
  • 35. The Augustus Primaporta, Roman Imperial, 1st century CE (possible copy of 20 CE original).
  • 39. 1. Ifarahon (or visibility): bold features and fine detail 2. Didon (or luminosity): smooth sheen 3. Gigun (or straight): strong posture and features. 4. Odo (or “prime of life”): the proper age 5. Tut (or serenity): stoic expression 6. Ashe: Life Force 7. Iwa: Creativity 8. Ara: Evocative Power Crowned Head of a King, Ife, Yoruba, 12th-15th Century CE
  • 40. Instruments of Power Feats of Bravery 1. Divinity  Kings were required to 2. Empire/ prove their physical strength. Building  Kings were expected to be fierce warriors. 3. Faces of Power  A ruler’s military 4. Kingly Deeds prowess was linked to their right to rule.
  • 42. Assurnasirpal II Killing Lions, Assyrian, 875-860 BCE
  • 43. Lion Hunt, from the throne room of Assurbanipal, Nineveh, 647 BCE
  • 44. Lion Hunt, Palace of Assurbanipal, Assyrian, 647 BCE
  • 45. Dying Lion, Throne Room of Ashurbanipal, Nineveh, 647 BCE
  • 46. Dead Lion, Throne Room of Ashurbanipal, Nineveh, 647 BCE
  • 49. Sol (Sun) on a chariot Luna (moon) Roman standard with sculpture of eagle Roman soldier Parthian soldier Apollo on a griffin Diana on a stag Personification of Cornucopia Bounty

Editor's Notes

  1. Video Tours of Persepolishttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3fdJNjF0lcYhttp://www.persepolis3d.com/frameset.html
  2. Soldiers from the Tomb of Emperor Shihuangdi, Qin Dynasty, 210 BCE
  3. Height above river 160’. Width of road bed on lower arcade is 20’.
  4. Crowned Head of a King, Ife, Yoruba, 12th-15th Century CE