1. TIRE REINFORCEMENTS
TE 552
Nonwoven Product Development
Neslihan
Yagmur

2. What is Tire?
• A tire is a ring-shaped covering that fits
around a wheel's rim to protect it and enable
better vehicle performance.

3. Duties of Tire
• Carry the burden of car
• Follow the direction given by the Steering
• give very good traction on the road, which
keeps cars from sliding
• offer a smooth, comfortable ride

4. Tire Types
• Some examples;
– Type P
• passenger vehicle tire
– Type LT
• light truck
– Type T
• temporary, or spare tire

5. Layers of Tire
1) Airtight synthetic rubber liner
2) Carcass ply
3) Beads
4) Sidewall
5) Crown Plies
6) Tread

6. 1. Airtight synthetic rubber liner
• Keeps air inside the tire
• Check your tires' air pressure monthly, as
some air loss occurs over time

7. 2. Carcass ply
• The carcass ply is comprised of thin textile
fiber cables that are bonded into the rubber
• These fiber cables are largely responsible for
determining the strength of the tire.

8. 2. Carcass ply “Nonwoven Tech”

9. 2. Carcass ply “Nonwoven Tech”
• Non-woven metal fibers entangled with one
another
• Pores filled with rubber
• Metal fibers contains steel fibers with natural
or synthetic fibers
• Generally polyester fibers
Unvulcanized Rubber Layer
Unvulcanized Rubber Layer
Non-woven Layer

10. Materials for Non-woven Ply
• Metallic:
– Copper
– Nickel
– Iron
– Steel
• Fibers:
– Polyester
– Carbon fiber*
– Polyethylene terephthalate*

11. 2. Carcass ply “Nonwoven Tech”
• Ratio of fiber:rubber; 80:20
• Thickness 1 to 5 mm;
– preferably 2-3 mm
• Fiber lenght 20-100 (40-60)* mm
• Fiber diameter 6-40 denier

12. 3. Beads
• The beads are responsible for clamping the
tire firmly against the rim of the wheel.

13. 4. Sidewall
• giving the tire its height
• protects the tire against impacts with curbs
and other objects
• contains all the markings which tell you
information about the tire;
– speed rating
– load rating
– tire dimensions

14. 5. Crown Plies
• Crown plies provide the rigid base for the
tread
• provide centrifugal and lateral rigidity to the
tire
• allowing the tire to flex sufficiently for a
comfortable ride.

15. 6. Tread
• The tread is designed to provide traction in a
variety of conditions.
• Good tread design provides also resist to;
– wear
– Abrasion
– heat

16. REFERENCES
• http://www.tirebuyer.com/education/tire-anatomy-and-
construction
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tire
• U.S. Patent 3895665
• Rowell, J. D., Tire Tread Seperation, Rowell & Bennett

17. THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION