for undergraduate lectures

1. PALATE

3. Has two parts: Hard (bony) palate anteriorly Soft (muscular) palate posteriorly hard soft palate

5. Forms the floor of the nasal cavity

6. Formed by:Palatine processes of maxillae in front Horizontal plates of palatine bones behind Bounded by alveolar arches

8. Its undersurface covered by mucoperiosteum

10. SOFT PALATE movable muscular fold suspended from post border of hard palate Separates nasopharynx from oropharynx Trafficcontroller 2 surfaces 2 borders 2 folds of mucous memb

13. Covered on its upper and lower surfaces by mucous membrane

14. Composed of:Muscle fibers Anaponeurosis Lymphoid tissue Glands Blood vessels Nerves

16. Attached to posterior border of hard palate

17. Is flattened tendon of tensor vellipalatini

18. Splits to enclose musculusuvulae

20. Muscles Levatorvelipalatini Origin:petrous temporal bone, auditory tube, Enters pharynx by passing over the upper concave margin of sup constrictor Insertion: palatine aponeurosis Action: Raises soft palate also dilates auditory tube

21. Muscles Musculusuvulae Origin: posterior nasal spine Palatine aponeurosis Insertion: mucosa of uvula Action: Elevates uvula

22. Muscles Palatopharyngeus 2 fasciculi Origin: Ant Fasciculus Post border of hard palate Post fasciculus:palatineaponeurosis Insertion: posterior border of thyroid cartilage Action: Elevates wall of the pharynx

23. Muscles Palatoglossus Origin: palatine aponeurosis Insertion: side of tongue Action: pulls root of tongue upward, narrowing oropharyngeal isthmus

25. Sensory Nerve Supply General Sensory:Mostly by the maxillarynerve through its branches: Middle lesser palatine nerve Posterior lesser palatine nerve Special Sensory:For taste sensations: lesser palatine nerves:greaterpetrosalnervegeniculate ganglion facial nerve nucleus of solitary tract. Secretomotor;Lesser palatine nerves Derived from sup salivatory nucleus Travel through greater petrosal nerves.

26. Motor Nerve Supply All the muscles, except tensor veli palatini, are supplied by the: Pharyngeal plexus Tensor veli palatini supplied by the: Nerve to medial pterygoid, a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

27. Passavants Ridge Upper fibres of palatopharyngeus Raises a ridge Morphology Best developed in cleft palate

28. Movements & functions of Soft palate Controls 2 gates Isolates mouth from Oropharynx during chewing Separates Oropharynx from nasopharynx Vary degree of closure of pharyngeal isthmus to modify quality of voice During coughing and sneezing

29. Clinical Notes Cleft palate: Unilateral Bilateral Median Pharyngeal isthmus

34. Paralysis of the soft palate The pharyngeal isthmus can not be closed during swallowing and speech Nasal regurgitation Nasal twang Flattening of Palatoglossal arch

35. Perforation of hard palate in Tertiary syphilis Epignathus :Teratoma of palate