This document describes the family tree of several generations of a family. It details the children and grandchildren of each person, including who they married and where they lived. The main individuals discussed are Soman, his sons Biju and Soman Jr., and subsequent descendants spanning multiple generations. The document provides names, locations, occupations, and other brief details for each family member.

1. ]oSn-I ssItXm-en¬
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21. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 227
]oSn-I-ssI-X-h-b-en¬
sXmΩ≥ (A©mw Xe-ap-d)
memw Xe-apd ]oSn-I-bn¬ C´n sF∏ns‚ XrXo-b-]p-{X≥
sXmΩ≥ abn-em-Sq¿ am∏n-f-bmb Ggm-t®-cn¬ sSp-º-≈n¬n∂pw
hnhmlw sNbvXv sXt°-ssI-X-h-b¬ ]pc-bn-S-Øn¬ Xma-kn-®p.
At±lw Hcp tImS-Xn-n-b-a-]-WvUn-Xpw hm‹nbpw tImS-Xn-bn¬
hyh-l-cn-°p∂ h°o-ep-am-bn-cp-∂p. sXmΩv BK-kvXn, C´n sF∏v
sXmΩ≥, DWns®dn-bXv F∂n-ßs mep ]p{X-∑mcpw amΩn, A∂,
Gen, tdmk F∂ mep ]p{Xn-amcpw D≠m-bn. aqØ ]p{Xn-bmb
amΩnsb ]mem Aßm-Snbn ]-bv°¬ hnhmlw sNbvX-b-®p.
hm¿≤-Iy-Im-eØn ]nXr-Kr-l-Øn¬ Xma-kn-®p-a-cn-®p. c≠m-a-sØ-
]p-{Xn A∂sb amdn-bnSw Ic-bn¬ thß-∏≈n¬ sXmΩ≥ hnhmlw
-
sNbvXp. aq∂masØ-]p{Xn Gen ico-cm-kzmÿyw nanØw Ahn-
hm-ln-X-bmbn ]nXr-Kr-l-Øn¬ Xma-kn-®p. mem-a-sØ-]p{Xn
tdmksb Ce™n Ic- b n¬ XS- Ø n¬ ]mXm- º pg Hutk∏p
hnhmlw sNbvXp.
BKkvXn
A©mw- X - e - a pd sXmΩs‚ aqØ- a - I ≥ BKkv X n c≠p
hnhmlw Ign-®p. BZy-ambn ]Sn-™m-td-°c imJ-bn¬s∏´ sh´p-
Im-´n¬ Nocmw-Ip-gn-bn¬n∂pw DWn-s®-dn-b-Xns‚ aIƒ tdmksb
hnhmlw sNbvXv Cu¥p-¶¬ ]IpXn ]pcn-bn-S-Øn¬ Xma-kn-®p.
a°-fn-√msX `mcy acn-°-bm¬ c≠m-a-Xmbn tahnS Fd-tIm-∂n-°p-
Spw-_-Øn¬s∏´ sF°-c-n∂pw Gensb hnhmlw sNbvXp. IS-
_m-≤y-X-aqew GI-ÿm-h-c-am-bn-cp∂ sXs°-Cu-¥p-¶¬ ]IpXn
]pc-bnSw Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_-tbm-K-Ønv Xosd-gp-Xn-sIm-SpØv
IpSpw-_-tbm-K-Øns‚ ta¬tm-´-Øn¬ IS-_m-≤yX Xo¿°p-Ibpw
aq∂p-m-ep-h¿jw Ign™v Ah-sc-Øs∂ XncnsI Gev]n-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. BK-kvXn°v sXmΩ≥ Fs∂mcp ]p{Xpw A®mΩ
Fs∂mcp ]p{Xnbpw Pn-®p. Pzc-∏n ]nSn-s]´v `mcybpw ]p{Xnbpw
acn-®p.
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

22. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 228
sXmΩ≥
sXmΩ≥ am™q¿ Ic-bn¬ tNe-¶-cn-Ip-Spw-_-Øn¬s∏´ ap´-
Øp-ho-´n¬ Ip™q-™ns‚ aIƒ t{Xkymsb hnhmlw sNbvXv
]nXm-hns‚ IqsS Cu¥p-¶¬ ]IpXn ]pc-bn-S-Øn¬ Xma-k-am-°n.
Sn. sXmΩv BK-kvXn, t__n, amXyp, tPm¿÷v F∂ mep ]p{X-
∑mcpw Gen Fs∂mcp ]p{Xnbpw D≠m-bn. ]p{Xn Gensb (X-¶-
Ω) Ing-t°-I-c-im-J-bn¬s∏´ Cfw-tXm´-Øn¬ sXmΩs‚ aI≥
a-bv°-°-≠-Øn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂ amXyp hnhmlw sNbvXp.
BKkvXn (A-∏-®≥)
sXmΩs‚ aqØ-a-I≥ BKkvXn (A-∏-®≥) ]q™m¿ aWn-
bw-Ip∂v InS-ß-Ømsg tPmk-^ns‚ aIƒ s]Æ-Ωsb hnhmlw
sNbvXv sXmSp-]pg Nne-hn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. BK-kvXn°v t{X€y
(tUm¨kn) F∂ ]p{Xnbpw PÃn≥ F∂ ]p{X-p-ap-≠v. ]p{Xn
tUm¨knsb Aºmd nc-t∏¬ Ip∂Øv (]p-fn-°¬) tPmkv tPmk-
^ns‚ aI≥ {]Imiv tPmkv hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ccp-hcpw _mw•q-
cn¬ tPmen sNøp-∂p. ]p{X≥ PÃn≥ gvknwKv ]Tw Ign™v
tKmh-bn¬ tPmen sNøp-∂p.
tXmakv (t_-_n)
sXmΩs‚ c≠m-asØ ]p{X≥ tXmakv (t_-_n) taep-Im-
hn¬ h´-a-‰-Øn¬ Ip™q™v aIƒ t{K€nsb hnhmlw sNbvXv
]∂n-a-‰Øv Xma-kn-°p-∂p. t__n°v PnΩn, Pn¬k¨ F∂o c≠p
]p{X-∑mcpw [y F∂ ]p{Xn-bp-ap-≠v. aqØ ]p{X≥ PnΩn sX°pw-
`mKw h´-°p-t∂¬ h¿°n tPm¿÷ns‚ aIƒ tacn (n-kvan) sb
hnhmlw sNbvXv ]nXr-Kr-l-Øn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. ]p{Xn- [y
gvknwKv Ign-™v _mw•q¿ sk‚ v a¿Ømkv tlmkv]n-‰en¬ tPmen
-
sNøp-∂p. Pn¬k¨ hnZym¿∞n-bm-Wv.
amXyp (am-Øp-°p-´n)
sXmΩs‚ aq∂m-asØ ]p{X≥ amXyp (am-Øp-°p-´n) I∏mSv
]pXn-bm-]-d-ºn¬ sXmΩn-°p-™ns‚ aIƒ tacn-°p-´nsb hnhmlw
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

23. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 229
sNbvXv sXmSp-]pg Nmem-t»-cn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. amXyp-hnv tXma€v
(a-p) Fs∂mcp ]p{X-p-≠v.
tPm¿÷v
sXmΩs‚ mem-asØ ]p{X≥ tPm¿÷v Non-°pgn hmfn-
bw-πm-°¬ aØmbn aIƒ euensb hnhmlw sNbvXv ]mem-bn¬
]nXr-Kr-l-Øn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. tPm¿÷nv tXma€v (A-e≥),
amXyp (sj-bn≥) F∂o c≠p ]p{X-∑m-cp-≠v. c≠pt]cpw hnZym¿∞n-
I-fm-Wv. 2010 HIvtSm-_¿ 17-˛mw XobXn sXmΩs‚ `mcy t{XkymΩ
acn®v Cfw-tXm´w ]≈n knan-tØ-cn-bn-ep≈ IpSpw-_-I-√-d-bn¬
kwkvI-cn-®p.
C´n sF∏v (Bdmw Xe-ap-d)
A©mw Xe-apd sXmΩs‚ c≠m-asØ ]p{X≥ C´n sF∏v
""Xd-bn¬ am∏nf''bmb hmbva-‰-Øn¬ IpSpw-_-Øn¬ tZh-€ym-bpsS
aIƒ Gensb hnhmlw sNbvXv ssIX-h-b-en¬ Ipt∂¬]p-c-bn-S-
Øn¬ Xma-kn-®p. Ipt∂¬ C´n sF∏nv sXmΩ≥, tZh-kym, Hutk-
∏v, aØm-bn, h¿°n, C´n sF∏v F∂o Bdp ]p{X-∑mcpw amΩn, adn-
bw, A∂-°p-´n, Gen F∂ mep ]p{Xn-amcpw Pn-®p. aqØ ]p{Xn
amΩnsb ao-®n¬ Ic-bn¬ ""hb-e-s°m-ºn¬ am∏nf'' bmb ]p√m´v
h¿°n-bpsS aI≥ sXmΩ≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn
adnbw (kn-ÿ tImte-Øp-`m-bn) BPvao-cn¬ `qZmkn B{i-a-Øn¬
tN¿∂v Iym-kv{Xn-bm-bn. aq∂m-asØ ]p{Xn A∂-°p-´nsb ss]I-
bn¬ Ip‰n-°m´v ho´n¬ sXmΩs‚ aI≥ tPmk^v hnhmlw sNbvXp.
mem-asØ ]p{Xn Gen-°p-´nsb ]mem-bn¬ s]mcp-t∂m-en¬ IpSpw-
_-Øn¬s∏´ ]pXp-a t]mØs‚ aI≥ aWn-ae Xma-kw Nmt°m
(Im-°q) hnhmlw sNbvXp.
sXmΩ≥ C´n sF∏v (Ggmw Xe-ap-d)
C´n sF∏ns‚ aqØ-]p-{X≥ Ggmw Xe-apd sXmΩ≥ ]mem
CS-hI I´-°-bØv amØs‚ aIƒ adn-b-Øns hnhmlw sNbvXv
Ad-°p-fØv Xma-kn-®p. sXmΩv C´n-°p-™v, tPm¿÷v, t__n,
tPmWn F∂o mep ]p{X- ∑ m- c pw, tacn, en√n, Gen- b mΩ,
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

24. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 230
A¬t^m≥k F∂o mep ]p{Xn-amcpw Pn-®p. aqØ ]p{Xn tacnsb
]mem ]pØ≥]≈n CS-hIbn¬ n∂pw Ad-°p-fØp Xma-kn-°p∂
- -
Ipcn-ipw-aq-´n¬ aØm-bn-bpsS aI≥ a-Ømbn hnhmlw sNbvXp.
c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn en√n A€mw anj-n¬ tN¿∂p Iym-kv{Xn-bm-
bp. aq∂m-asØ ]p{Xn Gen-bmΩ (Sr. Gaincarla) tImgn-t°m´v aT-
Øn¬ tN¿∂p Iym- k v{Xo- b m- b n. mem- a sØ ]p{Xn
A¬t^m≥km (kn-kn-en)sb sXmSp-]pg Hf-a‰w ]men-bØv tPmk-
^ns‚ aI≥ tPmkv hnhmlw Ign®p.
C´n°p™v (F´mw Xe-ap-d)
sXmΩs‚ aqØ ]p{X≥ C´n-°p™v hmg-°p-fØv ºym]d-
ºn¬ h¿°n-bpsS aIƒ adn-bsØ hnhmlw sNbvXv Im™m¿
Rc-fw-]p-g-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. C´p-°p™v 1978 Unkw-_¿ amkw
11-˛mw XobXn acn®v Ad-°pfw ]g-b-]≈n knan-tØ-cn-bn¬ kwkvI-
cn-®p. C´n-°p-™nv _m_p, jn_p, _nPp F∂o aq∂v ]p{X-∑mcpw
P€n, hn≥kn, kn≥kn F∂o aq∂v ]p{Xn-amcpw Pn-®p.
C´n-°p-™ns‚ aqØ ]p{X≥ _m_p Bc°pg s]ßm-∏n-
≈n¬ dmWnsb hnhmlw sNbvXv ]nXr-Kr-l-Øn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p.
_m_p-hnv om, oXm, nΩnb F∂o aq∂v ]p{Xn-am-cp-≠v. ]p{Xn
om _n.-sSIv Ign-™p-n¬°p-∂p. ]p{Xn oXm _mw•q-cn¬ _n.-F-
kv.kn. gvknw-Knv ]Tn-°p-∂p. nΩnb H∂mw ¢m€n¬ ]Tn-°p-∂p.
-
C´p-°p-™ns‚ c≠m-asØ ]p{X≥ jn_p tXm{]mw-IpSn ]pfn-
b-∑m-°¬ kvIdn-bm-bpsS aIƒ tagvknsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ccp-
hcpw e≠-n¬ tPmen sNøp-∂p. jn_p-hnv tPmhn≥, Pn_n≥
F∂o c≠m¨a-°-fp-≠v. Ccp-hcpw hnZym¿∞n-I-fm-Wv.
C´n- ° p- ™ ns‚ aq∂m- a sØ ]p{X≥ _nPp IpS- b - Ø q¿
Im≠mhw ho´n¬ n∂pw B≥knsb hnhm-lw -sNbvXv Im-
Um-bn¬ tPmen sNøp-∂p. Ch¿°v A≥{Un F∂ ]p{Xpw A∂
F∂ ]p{Xnbp-ap-≠v. Ccp-hcpw Ip™p-ß-fm-Wv.
C´n-°p-™ns‚ aqØ-]{Xn sP€nsb ]mem-bn¬ ]¥-∏-≈n¬
h°®≥ aI≥ A{_mlw (t_-_n-®≥) hnhmlw sNbvXp.
c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn hn≥knsb sSp-¶p∂w ]pXn-bm-]-d-ºn¬
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

25. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 231
tPm¿÷ns‚ aI≥ amXyp hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ccp-hcpw A[ym-]-I-
cm-Wv. tImgn-t°mSv Xma-kn-°p-∂p.
aq∂m-asØ ]p{Xn kn≥knsb ]mem-bn¬ n∂pw sNdp-]pg
Xma-kn-°p∂ Ing-t°-°c ssItXm-en¬ sNdn-bm≥ aI≥ kPn
hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ccp-hcpw knwK-∏q-cn¬ tPmen sNøp-∂p.
tPm¿÷v
sXmΩs‚ c≠m-asØ ]p{X≥ tPm¿÷v C≥Uy≥ anen-´dn
k¿∆o-kn¬ Fb¿t^m¿kn¬ tPmen sNbvXp hnc-an-®-tijw
Ct∏mƒ Ata-cn-°-bn¬ sSIvkm-kn¬ tPmen sNøp-∂p. tPm¿÷v
]∂n-a‰w nen-b-d-bn¬ Ip´n-bpsS aIƒ t{Xkym (s]-Æ-Ω) sb
hnhmlw sNbv X p. s]Æ- Ω bpw Ata- c n- ° - b n- e m- W v . Ch¿°v
t_m_≥ F∂ ]p{Xpw sa¿en≥ F∂ ]p{Xn-bp-ap-≠v. Ccp-hcpw
Ata-cn-°-bn¬ tPmen sNøp-∂p.
t__n
sXmΩs‚ aq∂m-asØ ]p{X≥ t__n tImX-aw-KeØv aßm´v
-
Ipcym-t°mkns‚ aIƒ h’-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXv ]nXr-Kr-l-
Øn¬ Xmakn-°p-∂p. Ch¿°v sXmΩ≥ (jm-Pp) Ipcym-t°mkv
(tjm-_n) F∂o c≠p ]p{X-∑mcpw sSkven, ssj_n F∂o c≠p
]p{Xn-am-cp-am-Wv.
t__n-bpsS aqØ aI≥ jmPp FSXzm ap´m¿ Bdp-]-d-bn¬
kvIdn-bm-®≥, X¶Ω Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ tkmWnsb hnhmlw
sNbvXv ad-bq-cn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. jmPp-hnv sÃ√, sU√ F∂o
c≠p ]p{Xn-amcpw Atemjn F∂ ]p{X-p-ap-≠v. Ch¿ ]Tn-°p-∂p.
t__n-bpsS c≠m-asØ ]p{X≥ tjm_n ao¶p∂w ]mtd-°p-
Sn-bn¬ tPmk-^v-˛-G-eΩ aIƒ knPnsb hnhmlw sNbvXv ]nXr-
Kr-l-Øn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. tjm_n°v B≥a-cnb F∂ ]p{Xnbpw
B¬hn≥ F∂ ]p{X-p-ap-≠v. Ch¿ ]Tn-°p-∂p.
t__n-bpsS aqØ-]p{Xn ssj_nsb Fen-hmen hS-t°´v
Pbnwkv hnhmlw sNbvXp. c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn sSkvensb Nme-
°pSn sh‰n-e-∏md ]≈Øv tXma-€v, adn-b-°p´n Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

26. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 232
tdm_n≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp.
t__n 1998 Pq¨ 22-˛v Im¿ A]-I-S-Øn¬ ac-W-a-S™p.
Ad-°pfw ]gb ]≈n knan-tØ-cn-bn¬ kwkvI-cn-®p.
tPmWn
sXmΩs‚ Cfb ]p{X≥ tPmWn ]pfn-¶p∂v {]mbn-°fw hen-
b-X-d-bn¬ aØm-bn, adn-b-°p´n Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ knknen (tN-
®-Ω)sb hnhmlw sNbvXv Im™m-‰n¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. tPmWn°v
An¬ (tXm-a-€v) aØmbn (A-o-jv) F∂o c≠p ]p{X-∑mcpw adn-
bmΩ (A-p-tamƒ) F∂ ]p{Xn-bp-ap-≠v.
tPmWn-bpsS aqØ ]p{X≥ An¬ Ggp-ap´w Ad-°-tØm-´-
Øn¬ ]tc-X-mb tPmkns‚ aIƒ tacn ({]o-Xn) sb hnhmlw
Ign®v Im™m-‰n¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. An-env tXmΩkv ({In-tÃm)
F∂ ]p{X-p-≠v. inip-hm-Wv.
tPmWn-bpsS c≠m-asØ ]p{X≥ Aojv h≠-a‰w ]≈n-bn-
S-hI ]¥-bv°¬ tPmkns‚ aIƒ {_nPn‰v (kuay) s hnhmlw
Ign-®p. Ch¿ A_p-Zm-_n-bn¬ tPmen sNøp∂p. ]p{Xn Ap-tamƒ
gvknwKv ]Tw Ign-™p-n¬°p-∂p.
tPmWn 1988/94 h¿jw Im¥-√q¿ ]©m-bØv {]kn-U‚m-bn-
cp-∂p.
tZhkym (Ggmw Xe-apd)
Bdmw Xe-apd C´n sF∏ns‚ c≠masØ ]p{X≥ tZhkym
c≠p hnhmlw Ign-®p. ]mem-bn¬ ""Xd-bn¬ am∏nf''bmb ]Sn-™m-
td-X-øn¬ h¿°nbpsS aIƒ Gensb BZy-hn-hmlw sNbvXp Ad-
°p-fØv Xma-k-am-°n. tZh-kym°v BZy hnhm-l-Øn-¬ tPmkv
F∂ ]p{Xpw A®mΩ, A∂-Ω, s]Æ-Ω, tacn F∂o mep
]p{Xnamcpw D≠m-bn. BZy `mcy acn-®-Xn-m¬ c≠m-aXv ]q™m-
‰n¬ hb-en¬ tZh-kym-bpsS aIƒ Gensb c≠mw hnhmlw Ign-
®p. c≠mw hnhm-l-Øn¬ tXma€v (Ip-™v), t__n, amXyp F∂o
aq∂v ]p{X-∑mcpw t{X€ym, A¬t^m≥km F∂o c≠p ]p{Xn-amcpw
Pn-®p.
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

27. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 233
tZh-kym-bpsS aqØ ]p{Xn A®m-Ωsb `c-W-ßm-Øv Ie-
b- Ø n- m¬ IpSpw- _ - Ø n¬s]´ aT- Ø n¬ ]d- º n¬ ]m∏- ® ≥
hnhmlw sNbvXp. c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn A∂Ω BPvao¿ anjy-n¬
tN¿∂p Iym-kv{Xobmbn.
tPmkv
tZhkym-bpsS aqØ-]p-{X≥ tPmkv Ipcp-hn-m¬ ]≈n-bn-S-
hI am∏-e-I-bn¬ t]mØs‚ aIƒ A∂-Ωsb hnhm-lw -sNbvXv
BZyw ad-bq-cpw, ]n∂oSv B ÿew hn‰v NnØn-c-]pcw sN¶p-fØv
Xma-kn-°p-∂p.
tPmknv Bn, tagv-kn, Pn≥kn, ]pjv], o F∂o A©p
]p{Xn-amcpw jnPp F∂ ]p{Xpw Pn-®p.
jnPp Ieq¿ Xøn¬ ho´n¬ h¿§o-kv, tacn aIƒ kosb
hnhmlw sNbvXv NnØn-c-]pcw sN¶p-fØp Xma-kn-°p-∂p. jnPp-
hnv A¬m Fs∂mcp ]p{Xn-bp-≠v.
tPmkns‚ aqØ ]p{Xn Bnsb sN¶p-fØv If-∏p-c-°¬
tPmk^v aI≥ t__n hnhmlw sNbvXp.
c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn tagvknsb Ad-°pfw πm°q-´Øn¬ NpΩm¿ -
tZh€ym aI≥tPmbn hnhmlw sNbvXp. aq∂m-asØ ]p{Xn Pn≥kn
Akp- J - a mbn Xd- h m- ´ n¬ Xma- k n- ° p- ∂ p. mem- a sØ ]p{Xn
]pjv]sb Icn-¶p∂w sh´n-°m-´n¬ t__n-bpsS aI≥ tm_nƒ
hnhmlw sNbvXp. A©m-asØ ]p{Xn kosb tImgn-t°mSv aÆ-
m¬ tkmP≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. tPmkv 1996 hw-_-dn¬ acn®v
IpØp-]md ]≈n knan-tØ-cn-bn¬ kwkvI-cn-®p.
tXmakv (Ip™v)
tZh-kym-bpsS c≠m-asØ ]p{X≥ tXma€v (Ip-™v) Imfn-
bm¿ Xmg-sØ-°p-Sn-bn¬ ]utem-kv˛a¿Ø Zº-Xn-IfpsS aIƒ tacn
-
(s]-Æ-Ω)sb hnhmlw sNbvXv ad-bq-cn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. Ip™nv
am≥k¨, aojv F∂o c≠m¨ a°-fm-Wv. c≠p-t]cpw tZhn-Ip-
fØv AUz-tI-‰vkmbn {]mIvSokv sNøp-∂p. ]p{X≥ am≥k¨
_mw•q-cn¬ n∂pw tacn (tl-a) sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. am≥k¨
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

28. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 234
tXma€v (Nn-WvUp) sk_m-Ãy≥ F∂o c≠m¨ a°-fp-≠v. Ch¿
Ip™p-ß-fm-Wv. c≠m-a≥ aojv cmP-Ip-amcn IpØ-m-∏-≈n-bn¬
t__n-bpsS aIƒ sado (Pn-p) hns hnhmlw sNbvXp.
tZhkym (t_-_n)
tZh-kym-bpsS aq∂m-asØ ]p{X≥ tZhkym (t_-_n) ]ocp-
ta-´n¬ `mcXv Kymkv GP≥kn S-Øp-∂p. ]ocp-ta-´n¬ n∂pw
tacnsb (sU_n eX) hnhmlw sNbvXp. t__n°v sk_m-Ãy≥
(Umd¨) F∂ Hcm¨ Ip´n-bp-≠v. hnZym¿∞n-bm-Wv. t__n 2002-
˛¬ lrZ-bm-LmXw aqew ac-W-a-S-™p. Ad-°pfw ]g-b-]≈n knan-
tØ-cn-bn¬ kwkvI-cn-®p.
amXyp sI. sk_m-Ãy≥
tZh-kym-bpsS mem-asØ ]p{X≥ tUm. amXyp sI.-sk-_m-
Ãy≥ tImb-º-Øq-cn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. amXyp Nß-m-t»cn ]mbn-
∏m´v tXm´m-bn-°-S-hn¬ A{_mlw tacn aIƒ en€nsb hnhmlw
sNbvXp. amXyp-hnv aco-€m, saeo F∂o c≠p s]¨a-°-fm-Wv.
Ccp-hcpw ]Tn-°p-∂p. amXyp tImb-º-Øq-cn¬ Hcp tI{µ Kh. Kth-
jW ÿm]--Øn¬ tPmen sNøp-∂p.
tZh-kym-bpsS ]p{Xn tPmfnsb Bc-°pg X´m-cp-Ip-t∂¬
]utem-kv, tacn Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ tP°_v hnhmlw Ign-®p.
aqhm-‰p-]p-g-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. tPmfn Fkv.-_n.-‰n.-bnepw tP°_v
Fkv.-_n.-sF.-bnepw tPmen sNøp-∂p. tZh-kym-bpsS Cfb ]p{Xn
Pm≥knsb hmg-°p-fØv hS-tImSv an‰-Øm-n-°¬ amXyp (tUm-
bn¬) hnhmlw sNbvXp.
tZhkym 1995 ¬ acWw {]m]n-®p. Ad-°pfw ]gb]≈n knan-
tØ-cn-bn¬ kwkv°-cn-®p.
tPmk^v (Ip-™v) (Ggmw Xe-apd)
Bdmw Xe-apd C´n sF∏ns‚ aq∂m-asØ ]p{X≥ tPmk^v
(Ip-™v) c≠p hnhmlw Ign-®p. ]mem-bn¬ Xd-bn¬ am∏n-f-bmb
Rmh-≈n¬ Xo°pgn hb-en¬ Nmt°m-bpsS aIƒ A®m-Ωsb
BZyw hnhmlw sNbvXp. {]kvXpX `mcy acn-®-t∏mƒ tImX--√q¿
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

29. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 235
]≈n-bn-S-hI It®m-en-Ip-Spw-_-Øn¬s∏´ Xøn¬ tPmk-^ns‚
aIƒ tacnsb ]p¿hnhmlw sNbvXv ]m-em-bn¬ sRm≠n-am-°¬
Ih-ebn-ep≈ hcn-°am-°¬ ]pc-bnSw hmßn Xma-kn-®p. BZy hnhm-
- -
l-Øn¬ Nn∂Ω Fs∂mcp ]p{Xnbpw c≠mw hnhm-lØn¬ km_p,
-
B‚Wn F∂o c≠p ]p{X-∑mcpw Pn-®p. ]p{Xn Nn∂-Ωsb ao-
®¬ Ing-]-d-bm¿ Ic-bn¬ n∂pw Fen-°p-fØv Xma-kn-°p-∂p.
s]ms∂-Sp-Øp-I-t√¬ tZh-kym-bpsS aI≥ aØmbn hnhmlw
sNbvXp.
tPmk^v (Ip-™v)s‚ c≠mw hnhm-l-Ønse aqØ-]p-{X≥
km_p Ing-]-d-bm¿ s]cp-hm®nd tPmk^v Ipcp-hnf t{X€ymΩ Zº-
Xn-IfpsS aIƒ s_≥knsb hnhmlw sNbvXv Ing-XSn-bq¿ Im¿Ω¬
- -
tlmkv]n-‰-env kao]w Xma-kn-°p-∂p. km_p, Ct∏mƒ tIm˛-Hm-
∏-td-‰ohv Un∏m¿´p-sa‚n¬ tPmen tm°p-∂p. km_p-hnv tPml≥
F∂ ]p{Xpw l∂ F∂ ]p{Xn-bp-ap-≠v. Ch¿ Ip™p-ß-fm-Wv.
tPmk-^ns‚ c≠m-asØ ]p{X≥ B‚Wn (t_-_n-®≥)
]mem-bn¬ CS-tbmSn ]d-ºn¬ {^m≥kokv˛Nn∂Ω Zº-Xn-I-fpsS
aIƒ knnsb hnhmlw sNbvXv ]nXr-{K-l-Øn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p.
B‚-Wn°v tl, nJnX F∂o c≠p-]p-{Xn-am-cp-≠v. Ch¿ Ip™p-
ß-fm-Wv. B‚Wn ]mem-bn¬ {Smh¬ GP≥kn S-Øp-∂p. `mcy
knn Xncp-h--¥-]pcw sk{I-´-dn-tb-‰n¬ tem°¬ ^≠v HmUn‰v
Un∏m¿´p-sa‚n¬ Iºyq-´¿ Hm∏-td-‰-dmbn tPmen-tm-°p-∂p.
sI.-sF. aØmbn
C´n sF∏ns‚ mem-asØ ]p{X≥ aØmbn s{]m^. sI.-
sF. aØmbn (Fw.-Fkv.kn.) aWn-ae Ipf-Øq¿ IpSpw-_Øn¬s∏´
- - -
sNΩ-c-∏≈n¬ amXyp-hns‚ aIƒ A®m-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp
]mem-bn¬ Xma-kam°n. sI.-sF. aØmbn°v tPmk^v (jm-Pn),
amXyp (k-Pn) F∂o c≠p ]p{X-∑mcpw Gen (en-€n), sS€n F∂o
c≠p ]p{Xnamcpw D≠v. sI.-sF. aØmbn ]mem sk‚ v tXmakv
tImtf-Pn¬ s{]m^-kdmbn-cp-∂p. 1975-˛¬ ncym-X-m-bn.
sI.-sF. aØmbn-bpsS aqØ ]p{X≥ jmPn sI. amXyqkv
ISp-Øp-cpØn ap≠-I-∏-d-ºn¬ Fw.-kn. sNdn-bm≥, Gen-bmΩ Zº-
Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ sseksb hnhmlw sNbvXv ]mem-bn¬ Xma-kn-
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

30. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 236
°p-∂p. jmPn kuØv C≥Uy≥ _m¶v tN¿∏p-¶¬ imJm amt-P-
cmbn tPmen sNøp-∂p. jmPn°v Acp¨, sPdn≥, hnth-Iv, tXP€v
F∂o mev B¨a-°-fm-Wv. aqØ-a-I≥ Acp¨ ^cn-Zm-_m-Zn¬
F¬ & ‰n. Iº-n-bn¬ F≥Pn-o-b-dmbn tPmen sNøp-∂p. c≠m-
asØ ]p{X≥ sPdn≥ ]q-bn¬ Fw.-_n.-_n.-F-kv. v ]Tn-°p-∂p.
aq∂m-asØ ]p{X≥ hnthIpw mem-asØ ]p{X≥ tXP€pw ]Tn-
°p-∂p.
sI.-sF. aØmbn-bpsS c≠m-asØ ]p{X≥ kPn sI. amXyqkv
tImSn-°pfw tXm´p-]m´v ]n.-hn. tPmk-^v-˛-F-en-bmΩ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS
aIƒ Beo-kns hnhmlw sNbvXp. kPn tIme-t©cn knss¥‰v
C≥U-kv{Sokv enan-‰-Uns‚ P-d¬ amt-P-cmbn tPmen sNøp-∂p.
`mcy Beokv Xpcp-Øn-∏≈n sk‚ v tacokv kvIqfn¬ A≤ym-]n-
I-bmbn tPmen sNøp-∂p. Ch¿°v Xcp¨ F∂ ]p{Xpw tkmWp
F∂ ]p{Xn-bp-ap-≠v. ]p{X≥ Xcp¨ Im°-m´v cmP-Kncn F≥Pn-o-
b-dnwKnv ]Tn-°p-∂p. ]p{Xn tkmp kvIqfn¬ ]Tn-°p-∂p.
sI.-sF. aØmbn-bpsS aqØ-]p{Xn en€nsb sXmSp-]pg sN´n-
∏-dºn¬ AK-Ãn≥, en√n-°p´n Zº-Xn-IfpsS aI≥ tPmWn hnhmlw
- -
sNbvXp.
c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn sS€nsb ]mem aq∂mn sNº-I-Øn-m¬
amXyp tdmkΩ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ t_mkv hnhmlw sNbvXp.
C´n sF∏ns‚ A©m-asØ ]p{X≥ h¿°n ico-c-kp-J-an-
√msX sNdp-∏-Ønse ac-W-a-S-™p.
C´n sF∏v (Hu-tk-∏-®≥)
C´n sF∏ns‚ Bdm-asØ ]p{X≥ C´n sF∏v ]mem-bn¬
hS-°≥ IpSpw-_-Øn¬ Nmt°m-bpsS aIƒ en√n-°p-´nsb hnhmlw
sNbvXv ]mem-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. C´n sF∏nv tPmk^v (km-
_p) sk_m-Ãy≥ (kn-_n) F∂o c≠p ]p{X-∑mcpw A∂ (ip-`),
ko_m F∂o c≠p ]p{Xn-am-cp-am-Wv. aqØ-]p-{X≥ km_p sImcw-
Ip-Øn-am-°¬ Ipcym-t°m-kns‚ aIƒ euensb hnhmlw sNbvXp.
Ch¿°v tPmk-^v, Ipcy≥ F∂o c≠p ]p{X-∑m-cp-≠v. c≠p-t]cpw
]Tn-°p-∂p. km_p 47-˛masØ hb-€n¬ ncym-X-m-bn.
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

31. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 237
Hutk- ∏ - ® s‚ c≠m- a sØ ]p{X≥ kn_n {]hn- Ø mw
sXt°-°q‰v Nmt°m˛^ntem Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ kpasb hnhmlw
sNbvXv a{Zm-kn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. Ch¿°v tacn, ^ntem-anm F∂o
c≠p s]¨a-°-fm-Wv. Ccp-hcpw kvIqƒ hnZym¿∞n-I-fm-Wv.
Hutk-∏®s‚ aqØ-]p{Xn ip`sb sXt°-°q‰v sk_m-Ãy≥,
-
tdmkΩ aI≥ tPmkv hnhmlw sNbvXp.
c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn ko_sb Icn-°n-tem-´n¬ tZh-€ym, tacn
aI≥ tPmkv hnhmlw Ign-®p. Ccp-hcpw Zp_m-bn¬ tPmen sNøp-
∂p. Hutk-∏-®≥ ncym-X-m-bn.
sXmΩ≥ (B-dmw- X-e-ap-d)
]oSn-I-ssI-X-h-b-en¬ (A©mw Xe-apd) sXmΩs‚ XrXo-b-
]p-{X≥ sXmΩ≥ Nn‰m¿I-c-bn¬ sh≈cn-ßm-´p-am-∏n-f-bmb ImSp-
n-eØv Hutk-∏ns‚ aIƒ A∂sb hnhmlw sNbvXv hS-s°-
s°-Sp-º≥ ]pc-bn-S-Øn¬ (Ip-Sn-en-∏-d-ºn¬) Xma-kn-®p. At±lw
Bbp¿t∆Z sshZy-imkv{Xw ]Tn-®n-cp-∂p. At±lw acn-®p-t]m-bn.
sXmΩv tPmk-^v, tXmakv F∂ c≠p ]p{X-∑m-cpw, amΩn, t{Xkym,
adn-bw, {_nPo-Øm, A∂, A®mΩ F∂ Ggp ]p{Xn-amcpw D≠m-
bn. H∂m-asØ ]p{Xn amΩnsb Acp-hn-Øpd hen-bho-´n¬s∏´ h≈n-
-
°m-∏n¬ Idp-h-®s‚ aI≥ h¿°n hnhmlw sNbvXp. c≠m-asØ
]p{Xn, t{Xkym-sb, ]mem-bn¬ “Xd-bn¬ am∏nf” bmb Rmh-≈n¬
a™-°p-t∂¬ tPmk-^ns‚ aI≥ Ip™u-tk∏p hnhmlw
sNbvXp. aq∂m-asØ aIƒ adn-b-Øns `c-W-ßm-Øp sIm√≥
]d-ºn¬ sXmΩ≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. A[n-I-Imew Ign-bpw-aptº
k¥m--an-√msX Ahƒ acn-®p. mem-asØ ]p{Xn {_nPo-Ømsb
IS-mSv ]≈n-bn-S-hI Ip∂-Øq¿ Nm≠nbpsS aI≥ sk_m-Ãy≥
hnhmlw sNbvXp. A©m-asØ ]p{Xn A∂-°p-´nsb am∂m-Øp
XS-Øn¬ eq°m-bpsS aI≥ tPmk^v hnhmlw sNbvXp. Bdm-
asØ ]p{Xn Gen-°p-´nsb Nß-m-t»-cn¬ IØo-{Z¬ ]≈n CS-
hI Be-∏p-d-Øp-Im-´n¬ aØm-bn-bpsS aI≥ tXmakv hnhmlw
sNbvXp. Ggm-asØ ]p{Xn A®m-Ωsb ac-ßm-´p-]-≈n-bn-S-hI Xmg-
tج Ipcym-t°m-kns‚ aI≥ h¿°n hnhmlw sNbvXp.
tPmk^v (Ip-t™-∏v)
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

32. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 238
{]Ya ]p{X≥ tPmk^v D≈-mSp ]≈n CS-hI shf-f-cn-
ßm-´p-Ip-Spw-_-amb ]-¥m-Øp tPmk-^ns‚ aIƒ t{Xkysb
hnhmlw sNbvXv ZØhIm-i-ambn `mcym-Kr-l-Øn¬ Xma-kn-°p-
∂p. tPmk-^nv tXma-kv, tPmk-^v, sk_m-Ãy≥ F∂ aq∂p ]p{X-
∑mcpw, tdmk, A∂-°p´n F∂ c≠p ]p{Xn-am-cp-ap-≠v. ]p{X≥
tXmakv t]Wm´p-I-c-bn¬ Dgp-h-m¬ IpSpw-_-Øn¬ tPmk-^ns‚
aIƒ Gensb hnhmlw sNbvXp. tXma-knp tPmk^v F∂ Hcp
]p{Xpw emen F∂ ]p{Xnbpw Pn-®p.
tPmk-^ns‚ c≠m-asØ ]p{X≥ tPmk^v _n.-F-kv.-kn.
ho´p-Im-cy-Øn¬ G¿s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. aq∂m-a≥ sk_m-Ãy≥. H∂m-
asØ ]p{Xn tdmk-Ωsb sXmSp-]pg A©n-cn-°-c-bn¬ ]mW-¶m-´p-
ho-´n¬ tPmk^v hnhmlw sNbvXp. c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn A∂ Iym-
kv{Xo-bm-bn.
tXmakv
Bdmw-X-e-apd sXmΩs‚ ZznXob ]p{X≥ tXmakv Nß-m-
t»-cn¬ IØo-{U¬ CS-hI Ifn-°¬ A{_m-l-Øns‚ aIƒ tacn-
sb- hnhmlw sNbvXv ssae-s°m-ºn¬ Xm-a-kn-°p-∂p. tXma-knv
tPmk^v (s_∂n) F∂ Hcp ]p{X-pw, (tj¿en) A∂-Ω, tacn
(Pm≥kn), skeo≥ (tPm-fn), F∂o aq∂p ]p{Xn-am-cp-ap≠v.
tXmakv 2008 hw-_-¿ 6 v acWw {]m]n-®p. ssae-s°mºv
]≈n knan-tØ-cn-bn¬ kwkvI-cn-®p. aqØ ]p{Xn A∂Ω (tj¿en)
sb Nß-m-t»-cn-bn¬ Nº-°pfw ]pØ≥]-d-ºn¬ ]n.-sP. B‚Wn
I{Xn-°p´n Zº-Xn-IfpsS aI≥ tPmk^v B‚Wn hnhmlw Ign-
®p. Ccp-hcpw sNs∂-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. tPmk^v B‚Wn s^U-
d¬ _m¶v amt-P-cmbn tPmen tm°p-∂p.
c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn tacn(-Pm≥kn) sb Icn-a-Æq¿ Ac-b-°p-
t∂¬ amXyp, {_nPn‰v Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ tPmfn amXyp hnhmlw
sNbvXp sXmSp-]pg Im™n-c-a-‰Øv Xma-kn-°p-∂p. Pm≥kn sXmSp-
]pg Xmeq-°v Hm^okn¬ tPmen sNøp-∂p. tPmfn CSp°n If-
Ivt{S-‰n¬ tPmen sNøp-∂p. aq∂m-asØ ]p{Xn tPmfn tImgn-t°mSv
ap°Øv {]m°p-gn-bn¬ Hutk-∏v, Gen-°p´n aI≥ amXyp (am-Øp-
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

33. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 239
°p-´n) hnhmlw sNbvXv tImgn-t°mSv saUn-°¬ tImtf-Pn¬ slUv
tgv k v Bbn tPmen sNøp- ∂ p. tam≥kns‚ aI≥ s_∂n
hmg°pfw Imcyma-Tw, t]mƒ, tXykym-°p´n Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ
_osb hnhmlw sNbvXv ssae-s°m-ºn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p.
s_∂n°v Bcym F∂ Hcp ]p{Xn-bp-≠v. Bcy tgvknw-Knv
]Tn-°p-∂p.
-DWn-s®-dn-bXv
]oSnI ssIX-h-b-en¬ sXmΩs‚ mem-asØ ]p{X≥ DWn-
s®-dn-bXv c≠p hnhmlw Ign-®p. BZyw `c-W-ßm-Øp CS-∏m-Sn-
°-c-bn¬ hmfn-πm-°¬ IWn-bmw-]-Sn-°¬ kvIdn-bm-bpsS aIƒ adn-
b-Øns hnhmlw sNbvXp. ssIX-h-b-en¬ Xd-hm-´n¬ Xma-k-am-
°n. B hnhm-l-Øn¬ sXmΩ≥, sNdn-bm≥, C´n-sF∏v F∂ aq∂p
]p{X-∑m-cpw, A®mΩ F∂ Hcp ]p{Xnbpw Pn-®p. `mcy acn-®-t∏mƒ
DWn-s®-dn-bXv Ing-X-Sn-bq¿ Ic-bn¬ Ing-t°-S-Øp-ho-´n¬ n∂v Ing-
X-Sn-bq¿ sNºn-fm-bn¬ ho´n¬ hnhmlw sNbvX-Xpw, hn[-h-bm-bn-
Øo¿∂-Xp-amb tdmksb hnhmlw sNbvXp. tdmk a°-fn-√msX
acn-®p. DWn-s®-dn-bXv hmIm-n-bn¬ imJ-bn¬s∏´ s√n-ae C´n-
sF∏ns‚ ]pc-bnSw hmßn Ahn-tSbv°p Xmakw am‰n.
]p{Xn A®mΩ ico-ckp-Jan-√msX Ahn-hm-ln-Xbmbn ]nXr-
- - -
Kr-l-Øn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. aqØ ]p{X≥ sXmΩ≥, cma-]p-c-Øp-
n∂pw sXmSp-]pg ap´Øp Xma-kn-°p∂ Xd-bn¬ am∏nf bmb ]≈n-
hm-Xp-°¬ n∂pw hnhmlw sNbvXp. a°-fn-√msX sXmΩ≥ acn-
°-bm¬ `mcy ]p¿ hnhmlw Ign-®p.
sI.-bp. sNdn-bm≥
c≠m-asØ ]p{X≥ sNdn-bm≥ ]b-∏m¿ Ic-bn¬ abn-em-Sq¿
Nmt°m-bpsS aIƒ adnbØns hnhmlw sNbvXp. sNdn-bmv
tdmbn, kÆn, Pbnw-kv, sk_m-Ãy≥, kPn, sdPn F∂n-ßs
Bdp-]p-{X-∑m-cpw, tagvkn, emen, eqkn, eom F∂o mep ]p{Xn-
am-cp-ap-≠v.
sNdn-bms‚ aqØ-]p-{X≥ tdmbn tImX-aw-Kew aßm´v amXyp,
s]ÆΩ aIƒ F¬k-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp tdmbn°v tcJ,
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

34. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 240
dnb F∂o c≠p ]p{Xn-am-cp-ap-≠v. ]p{Xn -tc-Jsb Im™-ßm´v ]c-
∏-hm-g-Nm-cn-°¬ amp-h¬, A∂Ω ZºXnIfpsS aI≥ kPohv hn.
amp-h¬ hnhmlw sNbvXp. c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn dnb ]Tn-°p-∂p.
sNdn-bms‚ c≠m-asØ ]p{X≥ kÆn ]mem sh≈-cn-ßm´p
s{]m. kÆn,- X-¶Ω Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ An-Xsb hnhmlw
sNbvXp. kÆn kuØv C¥y≥ _m¶v _mw•q-cn¬ tPmen sNøp-
∂p. AnXm _mw•q¿ sF.-F-kv.-B¿.H bn¬ kb‚n-Ãm-Wv.
Ch¿°p AJn¬, nJn¬, F∂o c≠p ]p{X-∑m-cp-≠v. Ccp-hcpw
]Tn-°p-∂p.
sNdn- b ms‚ aq∂m- a sØ ]p{X≥ Pbnwkv ae- _ m¿
Bet°m´v H‰ssØ If-∏pc Nmt°m, Gen aIƒ AUz. Nn∂-
Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Xfn-∏-d-ºn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. Ch¿°v
km{µ, kma F∂o c≠p ]p{Xn-am-cp-≠v. Ccp-hcpw kn.F bv°v
]Tn-°p-∂p. Pbnwkv Ct∏mƒ IÆq¿ tIcfm tIm¨{K€v Pn√m
sk{I-´-dn-bm-Wv.
sNdn-bms‚ mem-asØ ]p{X≥ sk_m-Ãy≥ (tZ-hkym-®≥)
-
Nn‰m-cn-°m¬ _oa-Sn- a-Sp-°-°p-gn-bn¬ tPmk-^v, t{Xkym Zº-Xn-
I-fpsS aIƒ B≥knsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. an¥p≈n tIm-gn-®m-
en¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. Ch¿°p nJn-X, taLv F∂o c≠p s]¨a-
°-fm-Wv. nJnX kn.-F. °p ]Tn-°p-∂p. taLv kvIqfn¬ ]Tn-°p-
∂p.
sNdn-bms‚ A©m-asØ ]p{X≥ kPn Ing-t°-°-c-bmb
ssIsXm- e n¬ C´n- ° p- ™ v , adn- b - ° p´n Zº- X n- I - f psS aIƒ
kn≥knsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ccp-hcpw kn¶-∏q-cn¬ tPmen sNøp-
∂p. Ch¿°v sIhn≥ F∂ ]p{Xpw kvtl F∂ ]p{Xn-bp-ap-≠v.
Ccp-hcpw Ip™p-ß-fm-Wv.
sNdn-bms‚ Bdm-asØ ]p{X≥ sdPn ]mem-cn-h´w apf-°¬
sk_m-Ãy≥, Fen-k-_Øv Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ sPns hnhmlw
sNbvXp. Ccp-hcpw Ipssh-‰n¬ tPmen sNøp-∂p. Ch¿°v sa¬hn≥,
am¿´n≥ F∂o c≠p Ip´n-I-fp-≠v.
sNdn-bms‚ aqØ-]p{Xn tagvknsb aÆm¿°m´v Im™n-c-
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

35. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 241
Øp-¶¬ {^©p-Ip´n sXømΩ aI≥ Ahn-cm-®≥ hnhmlw Ign-®p.
sNdn-bms‚ c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn emensb Icn-¶p∂w Nº-
∏≈n BKkvXn Gen aI≥ AUz. tUm. sk_m-Ãy≥ Nº∏≈n
hnhmlw Ign-®p Im°-m´v Xma-kn-°p-∂p. AUz. sk_m-Ãy≥
ssltIm¿´n¬ {]mIvSokv sNøp-∂p. emen F^v.-F. kn.-‰n-bn¬
F©n-o-b¿ Bbn-cp-∂p. Ch¿°p AJn¬ (Akhil), nJn¬ (Nikhil)
F∂n-ßs c≠m¨a°-fp-≠v.
sNdn-bms‚ aq∂masØ ]p{Xn eqknsb Ip‰n-bmSn ]pc-bn-
S-Øn¬ tXma-kv, Nn∂Ω Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ tSmw tXma-kv
hnhmlw Ign-®p. Ch¿°v tSmWn F∂ B¨Ip-´nbpw B≥tacn
F∂ s]¨Ip-´n-bp-ap-≠v.
sNdn-bms‚ mem-asØ ]p{Xn eosb s]cp-ºm-hq¿ hncp-
∂n-mØv ss]en, X¶Ω Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ jmPn hnhmlw Ign-
®p. Ch¿°v a¿en≥, adn≥, F∂o c≠p-Ip-´n-I-fp-≠v.
sI.-bp. C´n sF∏v
aq∂m-asØ ]p{X≥ C´n sF∏v (sI.-bp. C´n-bbv∏v _n.-F-
kv.-kn) tN¿∏p-¶¬ tIme-Sn-bn¬ IpSpw-_-Øn¬s∏´ Imcm-a-bn¬
Nmt°m-bpsS aIƒ X¶Ω _n.-F-kv.knsb hnhmlw sNbvXv ae-
_m-dn¬ aÆm¿Im´p Xma-kn®p Irjn S-Øp-∂p. C´n- sF∏np
km_p F∂ Hcp ]p{Xpw tPmfn, sP€n, Pm≥kn, PnPn, Pb
F∂o A©p ]p{Xn-amcpw Pn-®p.
C´n- sF∏ns‚ aI≥ km_p Nß-m-t»cnbn¬ ]mem°p-
t∂¬ tPm_ns‚ aIƒ _oasb hnhmlw sNbvXv ]nXr-Kr-lØn¬ -
Xma-kn-°p-∂p. km_p Ct∏mƒ aÆm¿°m´v I√Sn (Fw.-C.-F-kv)
tImtf-Pn¬ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. km_p-hnv c≠m¨a-°fpw Hcp s]Æp-
am-Wv. sF∏v km_p, tPmkv km_p F∂n-ßs ]p{X-∑mcpw nZnb
km_p F∂ ]p{Xn-bp-am-Wv.
sF∏v km_p Fw.-Un.-Fkv v Fd-Wm-Ipfw AarXmµ-
abn tImtf-Pn¬ ]Tn-°p-∂p. sF∏v km_p Xriq-cn¬ s]√n-t»cn
hn≥sk‚ v aIƒ hnn-Xsb hnhmlw Ign-®p. sF∏v km_p-hnv
sIhn≥ sF∏v F∂ Hcm¨Ip-´n-bp-≠v.
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

36. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 242
tPm_v km_p ^nkn-Ivkn¬ a{Zm-kn¬ sNss∂ bqWn-th-
gvkn-‰n¬ ]n.-F-®v.Un sNøp-∂p. nZnb km_p awK-em-]p-cØv
tkm^v‰vshb¿ F©n-o-b¿ Bbn tPmen tm°p-∂p.
C´n sF∏ns‚ aqØ-]p{Xn tPmfn Nß-m-t»cn ]mem-°p-
t∂¬ ]tc-X-mb sk_m-Ãy≥ kvIdnb (kn-_n) hnhmlw Ign®p
_m•qcn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn P€nsb ae-∏p-dØv
Ipgn-°m´v tP°-∫ns‚ aI≥ kÆn hnhmlw sNbvXp Ata-cn-°-
bn¬ ÿnc-Xm-a-k-am-Wv. c≠p-t]cpw F©n-o-b¿ BWv.
aq∂m-asØ ]p{Xn Pm≥knsb ]mem Ac-b-Øn-m¬ tUm.
ssa°nƒ aI≥ hnP-b≥ hnhmlw sNbvNp. c≠p-t]cpw U¬ln-
bn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. Pm≥kn sk≥{S¬ hm´¿ AtXm-dn-´n-bn¬
Ub-d-IvS¿ Bbn tPmen sNøp-∂p. mem-asØ ]p{Xn PnPnsb
Nß-m-t»cn hen-b]dºn¬ amXyp aI≥ tPm¿÷v amXyp hnhmlw
- - -
Ign®v Ata-cn-°-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. PnPn Ata-cn-°-bn¬ sIan-
Ãmbn tPmen sNøp-∂p. A©m-asØ ]p{Xn Pbsb sXmSp-]pg
XpSn-bw-πm-°¬ s{]m^. Sn.-F-kv. Nmt°mbpsS aI≥ •mUn
tP°∫v hnhmlw Ign®v _mw•q-cn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. c≠p-t]cpw
_mw•q-cn¬ ss{IÃv tImtf-Pn¬ h¿°v sNøp-∂p.
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

37. hmIbm-nbn-¬
243

38. 244

39. 245

40. 246

41. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 247
Be-bv°¬ IpSpw_w
Be-bv°¬ C´n-s®-dnb (memw Xe-apd)
aq∂mw Xe-apd Ing-t°-°c Itcm-t´-ho-´n¬ C´n-b-bv∏ns‚
XrXo-b]p-{X≥ C´n-s®-dnb ]mem Aßm-Sn-bn¬ I´-°bØn¬ sNdn-
- - -
bm≥ apX¬ ]nSn-°m-cs‚ ]p{Xnsb hnhmlw sNbvXv Be-bv°¬
Xma-kn®p. C´n-s®-dnb Ic-{]-[m-nbpw ]mem hen-b-]-≈n-bnse Hcp
tbmK {][m-n-bp-am-bn-cp∂p. kao-]-Øp≈ I≠-ß-fnse s√p-W-
°p-∂-Xn-mbn sI´n-bp-≠m-°nb Be-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-m-emWv
""Be-bv°¬'' F∂ t]cp-≠m-bXv. C´n-s®-dn-bbv°v sNdn-bm≥, C´n-
s®-dnb, aØmbn F∂ aq∂p ]p{X-∑mcpw A©p ]p{Xn-am-cp-ap-≠mbn.
BZy ]p{Xnsb aptØmen sIgp-h≥Ip-f-Øp-I-c-bn¬ Ibn-∏≥πm-
°¬ hnhmlw sNbvX-bbv®p. c≠m-asØ ]p{Xnsb Bc-°p-g-I-c-
bn¬ C´n-Ø-t´¬ hnhmlw sNbvXp. aq∂m-asØ ]p{Xnsb hmg-
°p-fØv t]mtf-Ip-t∂¬ hnhmlw sNbvX-b-b®p. mem-asØ
]p{Xnsb ]mem-I-c-bn¬ R≈-°m´p hnhmlw sNbvXp. A©m-
asØ ]p{Xnsb aptØm-e]pcw Ic-bn¬ ]≈n-°m-∏dºn¬ hnhmlw
- - -
sNbvXp. {]Y-a-]p-{X≥ sNdn-bm≥ Be-∏pg sN∂-°m-´p-n∂pw
hnhmlw Ign®v hmIm-n-bn¬ Xma-kn®p. Sn. sNdn-bm≥ sXmΩ≥,
C´n-s®-dnb, h¿°n, C´n-bbn∏v, sNdn-bm≥ F∂o A©p ]p{X-∑mcpw
-
Hcp ]p{Xnbpw D≠mbn. ]p{Xnsb hmg-°p-fØv sNm≈m-a-T-Øn¬
hnhmlw sNbvXp. sNdn-bms‚ {]Ya ]p{X≥ sXmΩ≥ ]≈n-hm-
Xp-°¬ IpSpw-_-Øn¬ apf-b-∂q¿n∂pw {_nPo-Ømsb hnhmlw
sNbvXv hmImn Ing-t°-]p-c-bn-S-Øn¬ Xma-kn®p. sXmΩp sNdn-
bm≥, C´n-s®-dnb F∂ c≠p ]p{X-∑mcpw amΩn, I{Xn F∂ ]p{Xn-
amcpw Pn®p. ]p{Xn amΩnsb ]mem-bn¬ hS-°≥ IpSpw-_-Øn¬
sh≈m-∏m´p ]m∏≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn I{Xnsb
tN¿∏p-¶¬ Ipf-∏p-d-Ømsg Xpcp-Øn-°m-hn¬ Nmt°m hnhmlw
sNbvXp.
Ingt° Be-bv°¬ hmI-bm-n-bn¬
sNdn-bm≥ ]mem hS-°-bn¬n∂pw hnhmlw sNbvXp. k¥m-
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

42. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 248
-an-√msX `mcy acn-°bm¬ Nnd-°Shp-Icbn¬ aÆ≥πm-°¬ IpSpw-
- - - - -
_-Øn¬ G¿Ø-bn¬ aØm-bn-bpsS aIƒ A∂sb hnhmlw
sNbvXp. sNdn-bmp sXmΩ≥, Hutk∏v, aØmbn, Nmt°m F∂
mep ]p{X-∑m-cp-≠mbn.
sXmΩ≥
{]Ya ]p{X≥ sXmΩ≥ ]mem CS-hI ]Sn-™m-td-°c imJ-
bn¬s∏´ sXt°-°-≠-Øn¬n∂pw taep-Im-hn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂
aØm-bn-bpsS aIƒ Gensb hnhm-lw-sNbvXv sh≈n-bm-a‰Øv Xma-
-
kn-°p∂p. Sn. sXmΩp sNdn-bm≥, Pbnwkv, tXmakv F∂ aq∂p
]p{X-∑mcpw A∂, Gen, adnbw, tdmk F∂ mep ]p{Xn-amcpw
D≠v.
sNdn-bm≥ (tPm-kv)
aqØ ]p{X≥ sNdn-bm≥ (tPmkv) s]m≥Ip-∂Øv Iqcn-°m´v
tXmakv aIƒ eoem-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXv Cfw-tZ-iØv Xma-
kn®p. 2002¬ sNdn-bm≥ acn®p. sNdn-bmv c≠m¨a-°-fmWv.
tPmtam≥, tPmPn. tPmPn Fd-Wm-Ip-fØv tPmen sNøp∂p. c≠m-
a≥ Pbnwkv ]nXr-Kr-l-Øn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. hnhmlw Ign-®n-´n√.
tXma€v (tPmbn-®≥) taep-Imhv ]pØ≥]p-c-bn¬ Ipcys‚ aIƒ
kpk-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXv ]nXr-Kr-lØn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. tXma-
-
knp aq∂p s]¨a-°-fm-Wp-≈Xv. aqØ-]p{Xn tPm^n-bmsb Ipd-
hn-e-ßm´v henb t]ßm´v amWn-bpsS aI≥ tPm¿Pv IeymWw
Ign®p. c≠p-t]cpw Ipssh-‰n¬ tPmen sNøp∂p. c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn
acnb kuZn-bn¬ gvkmbn tPmen sNøp∂p. aq∂m-asØ ]p{Xn
A¬t^m≥kv gv k nwKv hnZym- ¿ ∞n- b mWv . aqØ- ] p{Xn A∂
(en√n)sb t]cm{º ]mº-°¬ aØ-®s‚ aI≥ Ão^≥ IeymWw
Ign®p. Ch¿°v aq∂p B¨a-°-fp≠v. c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn tacnsb
sNdp-]pg Nne-ºn-°p-t∂¬ kn.-‰n. amXyp IeymWw Ign®p. Ch¿°v
c≠mWpw Hcp s]Æp-ap≠v. aq∂m-asØ ]p{Xn Gen (h’Ω)sb
Ggp-ap´w ]´-cp-aTw tPmk^v aI≥ Nmt°m-®≥ IeymWw Ign®p.
Ch¿°v c≠p s]Æpw Hcm-Wp-ap≠v.
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

43. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 249
mem-asØ ]p{Xn tdmk (tPmknen)sb Im™n-c∏≈n Imcp-
-
then tP°_v aI≥ Ipcp-hnf (tPmkv) IeymWw Ign®p Ad-°p-
fØv Xma-kn-°p∂p. tPmknen XpS-ß-mSv sslkvIqƒ slUvan-
kv{S-kmbn tPmen tm°p∂p. tPmkn-en°p c≠v s]¨Ip-´n-Ifp≠v.
-
Hutk∏v
Ggmw Xe-ap-d-bnse sNdn-bms‚ ZznZob ]p{X≥ Hutk∏v
]mem CS-hI ap≠-a-‰-Øn¬ tPmk-^ns‚ aIƒ t{Xkymsb
hnhmlw sNbvXv Xd-hm-´n¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. Hutk-∏np sNdn-bm≥
(tPmbn), tXmakv (tSmwk¨), tPmk^v (tPmjn) F∂o aq∂p
]p{X-∑mcpw A∂ (eoemΩ), adnbw (h’Ω), t{Xky (Ip´n-bΩ),
tdmk (tdmknen) F∂o mep ]{Xnam-cp-amWv.
aqØ-]p{Xn A∂ (eoemΩ)sb taep-Im-hn¬ IÆw-Ip-fØv
tZh-kym-bpsS aI≥ Ipcy≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp.
Hutk-∏ns‚ c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn adnb (h’Ω)Øns ]qh-
tØmSv Ing-I-t°-Øp-cp-Øn-bn¬ tPmk-^ns‚ aI≥ sk_m-Ãy≥
hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ ap∂n-e-hn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. t^m¨:
04822 ˛ 286620.
Hutk-∏ns‚ aq∂m-asØ ]p{Xn t{Xkym(Ip´n-bΩ)sb `c-
W-ßmw Ie-b-Øn-m¬ h¿°n-bpsS aI≥ tPm¿÷v hnhmlw
sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ G¥-bm-‰n¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. t^m¨: 04828 -˛ 286
753.
Hutk-∏ns‚ mem-asØ ]p{Xn tdmk (tdmknen)sb Ipafn
Xqß≥]-d-ºn¬ h¿°n-bpsS aI≥ h¿Kokv hnhmlw sNbvXp.
t^m¨: 04869 ˛ 223470.
Hutk-∏ns‚ aqØ-]p-{X≥ sNdn-bm≥ (tPmbn) Ipd-hn-e-ßmSv
ht√ym-fn¬ tPmk-^ns‚ aIƒ Gensb (eoeΩ) hnhmlw sNbvXp.
Ct∏mƒ ap≠-°-bØv Xma-kn-°p∂p. tPmbn°v civan, caym F∂o
c≠p s]¨a-°fmWv. Ccp-hcpw gvknwKv ]Tw Ign™v {]mIvSokv
-
sNøp∂p. t^m¨: 9744641339.
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

44. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 250
Hutk-∏ns‚ c≠m-asØ ]p{X≥ tXmakv (tSmwk¨) Af-
mSv πmen-°¬ tPmWns‚ aIƒ adn-bsØ (h’Ω) hnhmlw
sNbvXp. tSmwk¨ Ct∏mƒ D≈-m-´n-emWv Xmakw. tSmwk¨
Pnp F∂ ]p{Xpw dq_n F∂ ]p{Xn-bp-ap≠v. ]p{X≥ Pnp
tlm´¬am-t-Pvsa‚ v ]T-Øn-p-tijw {]mIvSokv sNøp∂p. dq_n
-
_n.Fkvkn gvknwKv ]Tn-°p∂p. t^m¨: 04822 ˛ 224217.
Hutk-∏ns‚ aq∂m-asØ ]p{X≥ tPmk^v (tPmjn) ]bkv
au≠v Ip∂Øv C´n-b-hncm tPmk-^ns‚ aIƒ A∂ (knknen)sb
hnhmlw sNbvXp. Xd-hm-´n¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. tPmjn°v kntPm,
entPm F∂o c≠p a°-fmWv. kntPm Ggmw-¢m-kn¬ ]Tn-°p∂p.
entPm Ip™mWv. t^m¨: 04822 ˛ 201146, samss_¬ 9744987731.
aØmbn
sNdn-bms‚ aq∂m-asØ ]p{X≥ aØmbn XpS-ß-mSv tImX-
º-m-n-bn¬ Hutk-∏ns‚ aIƒ tdmksb hnhmlw sNbvXp
Xd-hm-´n¬ Xma-kn-°th 1983¬ ac-W-a-S™p. Cu hnhm-l-Øn¬
k¥m--ß-fn√.
Nmt°m
sNdn-bms‚ memasØ ]p{X≥ Nmt°m ap´w amS-°¬
sNdn-bms‚ aIƒ h’-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXv ap´Øv Xma-kn-
°p∂p. Nmt°mbv°v tdm_n≥kv F∂ ]p{Xpw dq_n acnb F∂
]p{Xn-bp-ap≠v. ]p{X≥ dq_n≥kv F≥Pn-o-bdmWv.]p{Xn dq_n acnb
-
_n.Fkvkn gvkmWv. Nmt°m C¥y≥ anen-´dn k¿ho-kn¬n∂pw
dn´-b¿sN-bvXbm-fmWv. t^m¨: 04862 255054, samss_¬: 9744277992.
-
Bdmw Xe-apd hmIm-n-bn¬ sXmΩs‚ c≠m-asØ ]p{X≥
C´n- s ®- d nb (dh. ^m. Xm¿kn€v knFwsF) I¿Ω- e oØm
k`-bn¬ tN¿∂p sshZn-I-mbn. At±lw Ct∏mƒ C√.
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

45. 251

46. 252

47. 253

48. 254

49. 255
255

50. 256

51. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 257
hmIm-n-bn¬ Ipºp-°¬ imJ
hmIm-n-bn¬ sNdn-bms‚ ZznXob ]p{X≥ C´n-s®-dnb s]mcp-
t∂m-en¬ ]pen-a-e-°p-t∂¬ Itcm´p adn-b-Øns hnhmlw sNbvXv
ZØ-h-Im-i-ambn Xma-kn®p. C´n-s®-dn-b-Xnp BKkvXn, aØmbn
F∂ c≠p ]p{X-∑m-cp-≠mbn. aqØ-]p-{X≥ BKkvXn `c-W-ßm-
Øv Bcw-]p-fn-°-emb Ipf-∏p-c-bn¬ sNdn-b-Xns‚ aIƒ A∂sb
hnhmlw sNbvXv Du∂p-I√pw-]p-cbn-SØn¬ Xma-kn®p. BK-kvXn°v
- - -
aØmbn, C´n-bbv]v F∂ c≠p ]p{X-∑mcpw, adnbw, A∂, t{Xkym,
Gen F∂o ]p{Xnamcpw Pn®p. aqØ-]p{Xn adn-b-Øns Ggm-t®-
cn¬ thc-m-n-°¬ sNdn-bms‚ aI≥ Hutk∏v hnhmlw sNbvXp.
c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn A∂sb `c-W-ßm-Øp amdm-a-‰-Øn¬n∂p
cn-b-ßm-Øp Xma-kn-°p∂ amWn-bpsS aI≥ Hutk∏v hnhmlw
sNbvXp. aq∂m-asØ ]p{Xn- t{X-kysb A¥o-m´v Im™n-c-Øp-
¶¬ Hutk-∏ns‚ aI≥ Hutk∏v hnhmlw sNbvXp. mem-asØ
]p{Xn Gen (knÿ tacn _o™m) am¿ØmWvUw tUmt´gvkv
Hm^v tacn hI aT-Øn¬t®¿∂p Iym-kv{Xo-bmbn.
aØmbn
BK-kvXn-bpsS aqØ-]p-{X≥ aØmbn {]hn-Øm-Øv Imcym-
¶¬ {_nPo-Ømsb hnhmlw sNbvXv ae-_m-dn¬ Be-t°m´p Xma-
kn-°p∂p. aØm-bn°v BKkvXn, Hutk∏v F∂ c≠p ]p{X-∑mcpw
A∂, Nn∂ F∂ c≠p ]p{Xn-amcpw D≠v. ]p{Xn A∂sb ]mem
]pØ≥]≈n CS-hI ]pXn-bm-]-d-ºn¬ aØm-bn-bpsS aI≥ Ip´-
∏≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn Nn∂sb ap´p-Nnd ocm-
°¬ Nmt°m-bpsS aI≥ amXyp hnhmlw sNbvXp.
BKkvXn
aØm-bn-bpsS aqØ-]p-{X≥ BKkvXn (]m∏-®≥) Cf-ßfØp-
- -
n∂p ae-_m-dn¬ sNtº-cn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂ ISq°p-t∂¬ ho´n¬
CØm-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp.
BKkvXn (]m∏-®≥) Imk¿tKmUp Xmeq-°n¬ _¥-Sp-°-
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

52. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 258
°-SpØv ]Sp-∏n¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. ]m∏-®p tUmfn, _om, _nµp
F∂ aq∂p ]p{Xn-amcpw hntmZv F∂ ]p{X-p-ap≠v. CXn¬
_ombpw _nµphpw Cc-´-I-fmWv. aqØ-]p{Xn tUmfnsb Xma-c-
t»cn ASpØv I´n-∏md C´n-tb-∏md {^m≥knkv, Gen Zº-Xn-I-
fpsS aI≥ jmPp hnhmlw sNbvXp. c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn _osb
hb-mSv S-h-b-en¬ ]ncn-bw-am-°¬ ^nen∏v, Gen-°p´n aI≥
Ip™p-tam≥ (amXyp) hnhmlw sNbvXp. aq∂m-asØ ]p{Xn _nµp
sNdp-]pg ]pfntßmw sNm∆m-‰p-Ip-t∂¬ kvIdnb, AΩnWn aI≥
_Pn hnhmlw sNbvXp. ]p{X≥ hntmZv tImf-bmSv IpS-°-®nd
^nen∏v, tacn aIƒ kvanXsb hnhmlw sNbvXv ]nXm-hns‚ IqsS
]Sp-∏n¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. hntm-Znp A£bv, A`n-bv, F∂o c≠p
]p{X-∑mcpw B¬an F∂ ]p{Xn-bp-ap≠v. Ch¿ hnZym¿Yn-I-fmWv.
tPmk^v (Hu-tk-∏-®≥)
aØm-bn-bpsS c≠m-asØ ]p{X≥ tPmk^v (Hutk-∏-®≥)
ac-ßm-´p-]≈n-bn¬n∂pw Be-t°mSv s√n-∏m-dbn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂
- -
IpS-I-m-Sn-bn¬ tPmk^v ˛ A∂-°p´n Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ Gen-
bm-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXv Be-t°mSv aoº-‰n-bn-ep≈ ]nXr-Kr-l-
Øn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. Hutk-∏-®≥ √ Hcp πm‚dpw Adn-b-s∏-
Sp∂ Hcp kmaq-ly-{]-h¿Ø-I-p-amWv. Hutk-∏-®p atmPv F∂
Hcp ]p{Xpw ann-sb∂ Hcp ]p{Xn-bp-ap≠v. ]p{X≥ atmPv Ad-
°p-f-Øp-n∂pw Icp-h-©m-en¬ Xma-kn-°p∂ tahnS ]tc-X-mb
tPm¨, t{Kkn-°p´n Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ SnPnsb hnhmlw sNbvXv
]nXm-hns‚ IqsS Xma-kn-°p∂p. atmPv sjb¿ _nkn--kn¬
{]h¿Øn-°p∂p. atm-Pnp Fen-k-_Øv F∂ s]¨Ip-´nbpw
tPmk^v (tPmjz) F∂ ]p{X-p-ap≠v. Ch¿ Ip™p-ß-fmWv
Hutk-∏-®s‚ ]p{Xn annsb neq¿n∂pw ]pfntßmw tImgn-®m-
en¬ Xma-kn-°p∂ Im≠m-h--Øn¬ ssa°nƒ, tamn°m aI≥
km_p hnhmlw sNbvXp.
C´n sF∏v
Ipºp-°¬ BK-kvXn-bpsS c≠m-asØ ]p{X≥ C´n-sF∏v
D≈-m´v Acn-°m´p h¿°n-bpsS aIƒ A®m-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXv
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

53. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 259
]nXr-Kr-l-Øn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. C´n-sF-∏np k¥m--ß-fn√.
aØmbn
BK- k v X n- b psS Ap- P ≥ aØmbn ]q™m¿ tXm´- ° c
amØ≥Ip-t∂¬ Ipcys‚ aIƒ A∂sb hnhmlw sNbvXv ]nXr-
Kr-lØn¬ Xma-kn®p. At±-lØnp C´n-s®-dnb, aØmbn (sIm®v)
- -
sNdn-bm≥ F∂ aq∂p ]p{X-∑mcpw Gen, amΩn, A®mΩ, t{Xky,
tdmk, {_nPoØv, tacn F∂o Ggp ]p{Xn-amcpw D≠mbn. ]nXm-
hmb aØmbn acn®v Cfw-tXm´w ]≈n skan-tØ-cn-bn¬ kwkvI-
cn®p.
H∂m-asØ ]p{Xn Gensb nc-b-ßm-Øv ss]I-S-bn¬
sXmΩs‚ aI≥ h¿°n hnhmlw sNbvXp. c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn acn-
®p-t]mbn. aq∂m-asØ ]p{Xn A®m-Ωsb Icq¿ CS-hI abn-em-Sq¿
sXmΩs‚ aI≥ sXmΩ≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. mem-asØ ]p{Xn
t{Xkysb `c-W-ßm-Øv Xpcp-Øn-bn¬ aØm-bn-bpsS aI≥
aØmbn hnhmlw sNbvXp. A©m-asØ ]p{Xn tdmksb tacn
em‚n¬ Imcym-¶¬ Hutk-∏ns‚ aI≥ tPm¨ hnhmlw sNbvXp.
Bdm-asØ ]p{Xn {_nPoØ (knÿ Atπm-nbm) tImX-
aw-KeØv Bcm-[m-aTØn¬ tN¿∂p Iym-kv{Xo-bmbn. Ggm-asØ
- - - -
]p{Xn tacnsb `c-W-ßm-Øv Xmg-tج IpSpw-_-Øn¬s∏´ hcn-
°-bm-n-°¬ tPmk-^ns‚ aI≥ A{_mlw hnhmlw sNbvXp.
C´n-s®-dnb
aØm-bn-bpsS aqØ-]p-{X≥ C´n-s®-dnb ]mem CS-hI aWn-
ae am∏n-fbmb s]mSn-a‰Øn¬n∂pw Nn‰m-‰n¬ Xma-kn-°p∂ sh´p-
- - -
I-t√¬ sNdn-bms‚ aIƒ adn-b-Øns hnhmlw sNbvXv Af-m-
Sp-I-c-bn¬ hcn-°-am-°¬ Xma-kn-°p∂ At±-l-Ønp aØmbn
(amØ≥) sNdn-bm≥ F∂ c≠p ]p{X-∑mcpw A∂, Gen, adnbw,
sIm®p-t{Xky F∂ mep ]p{Xn-am-cp-ap≠v.
H∂m-asØ ]p{Xn A∂ en‰n¬ kntÃgvkv Hm^v Zn ]qh¿
F∂ aT-Øn¬ tN¿∂v Iym-kv{Xo-bmbn. c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn Gen
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

54. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 260
(eoemΩ)sb Acp-hn-Øpd ]≈n CS-hI BgmØv tXmakv aI≥
tPmk^v hnhmlw sNbvXp. t^m¨: 04822 272674. aq∂m-asØ
]p{Xn adnb (knknen)Øns IS-mSv ]≈n CS-hI tX°pw-Im-
´n¬ Cmkv aI≥ amXyp hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ sN∏p-Ip-
fØv Xma-kn-°p∂p. t^m¨: 04862 ˛ 271812.
mem-asØ ]p{Xn sIm®p-t{Xkym AtUm-td-j≥ aT-Øn¬
tN¿∂p Iym-kv{Xo-bmbn. Ct∏mƒ I√p-]mew aT-Øn¬ tPmen
sNøp∂p. t^m¨: 9747395834.
C´n-s®-dn-b-bpsS aqØ-]p-{X≥ amØ≥ ]qh-tØmSv ]≈n CS-
hI amS-∏≈n IpSpw-_-Øn¬s∏´ InW-‰p-Ic ho´n¬ Hutk-∏ns‚
aIƒ tacnsb hnhmlw sNbvXp.
amØp tSmWn, sNdn-bm≥ F∂v c≠p ]p{X-∑mcpw en€n,
s‰kn F∂v c≠p ]p{Xn-am-cp-amWv. c≠m-asØ ]p{X≥ sNdn-bm≥
_me-m-bn-cns° ac-W-a-S™p.
amØs‚ ]p{X≥ tSmWn (tPmk^v) cmPm-°mSv CS-hI ]me-
°m-tXm-´-Øn¬ ]n.hn.tXma€v aIƒ BXn-csb hnhmlw sNbvXv
sXmSp-]pg Be-t°mSv Xma-kn-°p∂p. tSmWn°p Ao‰ Fs∂mcp
]p{Xn-bp≠v. inip-hmWv.
amØs‚ aqØ-]p{Xn en€n (tacn)sb A©ncn ]≈n CS-
hI sXt° aWm-¶-Ø-S-Øn¬ tPmk-^ns‚ aI≥ tdmbn hnhmlw
sNbvXp. t^m¨: 9745807301.
amØs‚ c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn s‰kn (A∂)sb Sp-°c ]≈n
CS-hI Ipºm´v IWn-bm-]-d-ºn¬ tPmk^v aI≥ s_∂n hnhmlw
sNbvXp. t^m¨: 04852 ˛ 261259.
amØ≥ 2000 am¿®v 25˛mw XobXn ac-W-a-S™p. Cfw-tXm´w
]≈n knan-tØ-cn-bn¬ kwkvI-cn®p.
C´n-s®-dn-b-bpsS c≠m-asØ ]p{X≥ sNdn-bm≥ Xd-hm-Smb
]me-bn-ep≈ hcn-°-am-°¬ ]pc-bnSw hn‰v sXmSp-]pg Be-t°mSv
Xma-kn-°p∂p. sNdn-bm≥ Ahn-hm-ln-X-mWv.
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

55. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 261
aØmbn
Ipºp-°¬ aØm-bn-bpsS c≠m-asØ aI≥ aØmbn (sIm®v)
πmi-m¬ ]pfn-°Ømsg Hutk-∏ns‚ aIƒ adn-bØns hnhmlw
- -
sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ ae-_m-dn¬ sh≈-cn-°p≠v Xma-kn-°p∂p.
aØmbn (sIm®v) 1997 G{]n¬ H∂np acWw {]m]n®p. Np≈n-
]≈n skan-tØ-cn-bn¬ kwkvIcn®p. sIm®np aØmbn (aØ-®≥),
-
tPmkv, BKkvXn (kmPp) F∂o aq∂p ]p{X-∑mcpw A∂, Gen,
{_nPnØ, tdmk, A¬t^m≥km, {_nPn‰v F∂o Bdp ]p{Xn-am-cp-
amWv.
sIm®ns‚ aqØ-]p-{X≥ aØmbn (aØ-®≥) tN∂mSv ]pfn-
°¬ tXma€v A∂-°p´n aIƒ adn-bmΩ (tagvkn)sb hnhmlw
sNbvXp. aØ-®p j¿an, jnPn F∂ c≠p ]p{Xn-amcpw sjdn≥
F∂ ]p{X-p-ap≠v.
]p{Xn j¿ansb Im™-ßmSv Aojv hnhmlw sNbvXp.
c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn jnPnsb hfm-∏mSn sIm®n-bn¬ kt¥mjv
hnhmlw sNbvXp. ]p{X≥ sjdn≥ ]nXr-Kr-l-Øn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p.
aØ-®≥ 2011 Pq¨ Bdmw XobXn ac-W-a-S™p. Imen-®m--
Sp°w ]≈n-bn¬ kwkvI-cn®p.
sIm®ns‚ c≠m-asØ ]p{X≥ tPmkv IS-mSv X®p-Ip-t∂¬
h’-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp ae-_m-dn¬ sh≈-cn-°p≠v Xma-kn-
°p∂p. tPmknp amXyp (Sn‚p) F∂ ]p{Xpw adnbw (aWn-°p´n),
t{Xkym (kuay) F∂o c≠p ]p{Xn-am-cp-ap≠v.
]p{X≥ Sn‚p FIvkvtd tImgvkv ]mkmbn _mwKvfq-cn¬ tPmen
sNøp∂p. tPmkns‚ aqØ-]p{Xn adnbw (aWn-°p´n) `c-W-ßmw
UnFkvSn k`-bn¬ tN¿∂v Iym-kv{Xo-bmbn. Cf-b-]p{Xn kuay
gvknwKv ]mkmbn t_mws_-bn¬ tPmen sNøp∂p.
sIm®ns‚ aq∂m-asØ ]p{X≥ kmPp sIm∂-°mSv oew-]-d-
ºn¬ ]t{Xmkv, tacn Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ A∂Ω (_nµp)sb
hnhmlw sNbvXv ]nXr-Kr-l-Øn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. kmPp-hnv
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

56. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 262
B‚Wn (B¬hn≥), amXyp (Ae≥) F∂o c≠p ]p{X-∑m-cp≠v.
Ccp-hcpw ]Tn-°p∂p.
aqØ-]p{Xn A∂ (en√n)sb Im°-S-hp-Nn-d-bn¬ A{_mlw,
A∂Ω ˛ Zº-Xn-IfpsS aI≥ _m_p-hns hnhmlw sNbvXp. c≠m-
-
asØ ]p{Xn adnbw (kmen)sb ]p∂-°p∂v ]mº-°¬ Ip™q™v
(Ipcp-hnf) hnhmlw sNbvXp. aq∂m-asØ ]p{Xn tdmk (sS€nsb)
]pfn-¶p∂v (Nß-m-t»-cn¬) Ing-t°-°p‰v Ipcy-∏≥ aI≥ tPm€n
hnhmlw sNbvXp. mem-asØ ]p{Xn Pb ({_nPo‰v)sb `oa-Sn
(Ip∂pwssI) ]®-∏Xn-bn¬ hn’≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. A©m-asØ
-
]p{Xn {_Po‰ (]pjv]-dmWn), `c-W-ßmw UnFkvSn k`-bn¬
tN¿∂p Iym-kv{Xo-bmbn U¬ln-bn¬ kvIqfn¬ ]Tn-∏n°p∂p.
Bdm-asØ ]p{Xn A¬t^m≥km (Zo]vXn) IÆq¿ hna-em-eb k`-
bn¬ tN¿∂v Iym-kv{Xo-bmbn. Ct∏mƒ sNtº-cn¬ kvIqfn¬ ]Tn-
∏n-°p∂p.
sNdn-bm≥
Ipºp-°¬ aØm-bn-bpsS aq∂m-asØ ]p{X≥ sNdn-bm≥ `c-
W-ßm-Øv hmfn-πm-°¬ IpSpw-_-Øn¬s∏´ If-cn-°¬ Hutk-
∏ns‚ aIƒ Nn∂-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. ]nXr-Kr-l-Øn¬ Xma-
kn®p. B hnhm-l-Øn¬ A∂ (B≥kΩ) F∂ ]p{Xnbpw amXyp
F∂ ]p{Xpw Pn®p. AXn-p-tijw B `mcy ac-W-a-S™p.
]n∂oSv nc-t∏¬ ]≈n-bn-ShI Np¶-∏md ho´n¬ aØm-bn-bpsS aIƒ
-
{_nPo-Øsb ]p¿hn-hmlw sNbvXp. sNdn-bm≥ Ct∏mƒ CS-a-dp-
In-emWv Xmakw. c≠mw hnhm-l-Øn¬ adnbw (Pn≥kn) F∂
]p{Xnbpw Hutk∏v (tPmkv), tkmP≥ F∂o c≠p ]p{X-∑m-cp-amWv.
]p{Xn Pn≥knsb CS-a-dpIv ]pc-bn-S-Øn¬ Hutk∏v, tacn Zº-
Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ tPmkv hnhmlw sNbvXp. H∂m-asØ ]p{X≥
tPmkv taep-Imhv hS-t°-ap-f-™-m¬ ]m∏-®s‚ aIƒ en‰nsb
hnhmlw sNbvXv hmI-°mSv Xma-kn-°p∂p. tPmknp taL (A∂),
acnb, A¬t^m≥km F∂o aq∂p ]p{Xnam-cp≠v. Ch¿ hnZym¿Yn-
I-fmWv. c≠m-asØ ]p{X≥ tkmP≥ aqe-a‰w Iq-ºm-d-bn¬
tPmk^v, tacn Zº-Xn-IfpsS aIƒ ann (tacn)sb hnhmlw sNbvXv
-
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

57. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 263
]nXm-hns‚ IqsS CS-a-dp-In¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. tkmPv A∂mΩ
F∂ Hcp ]p{Xn-bp≠v.
BZy hnhm-lØnse ]p{Xn B≥k-Ωsb AXn-cºpg Im™n-
- -
c-°m-em-bn¬ Hutk∏v tacn aI≥ tPmbn hnhmlw sNbvXp.
B≥kΩ anen-‰dn k¿ho-kn¬ tIW¬ Bbn KpP-dm-Øn¬ tPmen
sNøp∂p. ]p{X≥ amXyp (amØ-®≥) neq¿ s]m´w-πm-°¬ B¬k-
Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXv hÆ-∏p-dØv Xma-kn-°p∂p. Ch¿°v imcn,
imanen F∂o c≠p ]p{Xn-am-cp≠v. imcn _tbm-sS-Ivtm-fPn
Fw.Fkvkn°v Nß-m-ti-cn-bn¬ ]Tn-°p∂p.
]Sn-™msd Be-°¬
hmIm-n-bn¬ imJ
hmIm-n-bn¬ sNdn-bms‚ XrXob ]p{X≥ h¿°n ]mem-bn¬
hS-°≥ IpSpw-_-Øn¬ sXmΩs‚ aIƒ A∂sb hnhmlw sNbvXv
hmIm-n-bn¬ ]Sn-™m-td-Xn¬ Xma-kn®p. Ah¿°v A∂ Fs∂mcp
]p{Xn am{Xw Pn®p. ]p{Xn A∂sb Ing-t°-°c Xmg-Øp-n∂pw
aq∂p-am-°¬ Xma-kam-°nb Nmt°m-bpsS aI≥ sNdn-bm≥ (Ips©-
-
dnb) hnhmlw sNbvXp. ZØm-h-Im-i-ambn Xma-kn®p. Sn sNdn-bmp
h¿°n (tN´mbn), Hutk∏v (A∏- ® ≥), Nmt°m, sNdn- b m≥,
sXmΩ≥ F∂ A©p ]p{X≥amcpw, I{Xn, A∂, adnbw, Gen-
°p´n F∂ mep ]p{Xn-amcpw Pn®p.
sNdn-bms‚ aqØ ]p{Xn I{Xo-sb Icq¿ ]-a‰Øn¬ h¿°n-
- -
bpsS aI≥ Hutk∏v hnhmlw sNbvXp. c≠masØ ]p{Xn A∂sb
]Sn-™m-sd-°c imJ-bn¬s∏´ sISp-º≥]p-c-bn-S-Øn¬ sXmΩs‚
aI≥ Ipcp-hnf hnhmlw sNbvXp.
aq∂m-asØ ]p{Xn adn-bsØ aptØm-en¬ mK-q-en¬ sImbn-
∏p-dØv sXmΩs‚ aI≥ sI.Sn.tXmakv _nF._nF¬ hnhmlw
sNbvXp.
mem-asØ ]p{Xn Gen-°p-´nsb Ipd-hn-e-ßmSv Imcmw-th-
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

58. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 264
en¬ Nmt°m-bpsS aI≥ amWn hnhmlw sNbvXp. Gen-°p´n Kh.
kvIqƒ A[ym-]n-I-bm-bn-cp∂p.
sNdn-bms‚ ]p{X-∑m-cn¬ h¿°n, Nmt°m, sNdn-bm≥ F∂n-
h¿ 1950 Ime-L-´Øn¬ ]mem-bn¬n∂pw ae-_m-dn¬ s]cp-h-Æm-
aq-gn-bn¬ IpSn-tbdn tZl-WvU-߃ ]nSn-∏n®p.
h¿°n (tN-´m-bn)
sNdn-bms‚ aqØ-]p-{X≥ h¿°n (tN´mbn) Ipdp-∏pw-Xd ]I-
tem-a‰w IpSpw-_-Øn¬s∏´ hgp-X--∏-≈n¬ sXmΩs‚ aIƒ
Gensb hnhmlw sNbvXv ae-_m-dn¬ s]cp-h-Æm-aq-gn-bn¬ Xma-
kn-°p∂p. h¿°n°v tPmk^v, sNdn-bm≥ (A∏-®≥) h¿°n
(tPm¿÷v) F∂o aq∂p ]p{X-∑mcpw A∂, h’Ω, tacn F∂o
aq∂p ]p{Xn-am-cp-ap≠v. h¿°n-bpsS aqØ ]p{Xn A∂sb s]cp-am-
en¬ A∏-®≥ hnhm-lw-sNbvXp. c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn h’-Ωsb I√m-
tmSv ISp-Ip-am-°¬ ]m∏-®≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. aq∂m-asØ ]p{Xn
tacnsb ]Sp-Øp-I-Shv ]p√m´v Ipcym-®≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp.
aqØ-]p-{X≥ tPmk^v (Ip™v) s√-cn-ho-´n¬ s]Æ-Ωsb
hnhmlw sNbvXv s]cp-h-Æm-aq-gn-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. Ch¿°v
Pbn≥, tPmbvkn, Pm≥kn, sP€n, tPm¬k (emen) F∂o A©p
]p{Xn-amcpw tPm¨k¨ F∂ ]p{X-p-ap≠v.
Ip™ns‚ aqØ-]p{Xn Pbns ]me-°mSv I√-Sn-t°mSv ]pXp-
th-en¬ Nmt°m tdmkΩ aI≥ h¿§okv (Ip™q™v) hnhmlw
sNbvXp.
c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn tPmbvknsb Iqcm-®p≠v ]¥-πm-°¬ kndn-
b°v (t__n) hnhmlw sNbvXp.
aq∂m- a sØ ]p{Xn Pm≥knsb sNdp- ] pg Nn‰m- c n- ° m¬
Ip∂Øv amXyp-hns‚ aI≥ tPm¿Pv hnhmlw sNbvXp.
mem-asØ ]p{Xn P€nsb sNtºcn Igp-∂-Sn-ho-´n¬ amXyp-
hns‚ aI≥ tPmk^v hnhmlw sNbvXp. A©m-asØ ]p{Xn
tPm¬k-sb N°n-´-]md aqte-°m´v tImc ˛ tacn aI≥ tPm¨
hnhmlw sNbvXp.
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

59. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 265
]p{X≥ tPm¨k¨ ]me-°mSv s]m∂-t¶m´v am{]mWw
tPm¨, tacn aIƒ {]n≥knsb hnhmlw sNbvXp Nh-dw-ap-gn-bn¬
Xma-kn-°p∂p. tPm¨kv tdmj≥ F∂ ]p{Xpw tdmkvan F∂
]p{Xn-bp-ap≠v. Ccp-hcpw Ip™p-ß-fmWv. tPm¨k¨ Adn-b-s∏-
Sp∂ Hcp Kmb-I-mWv. ]e {Sq∏p-I-fn¬ ]mSp-Ibpw Imk‰v Cd-°p-
Ibpw sNbvXn-´p≠v.
tN´m-bn-bpsS c≠m-asØ ]p{X≥ sNdn-bm≥ (A∏-®≥) awK-
e-Øn¬ adn-b-Øns hnhmlw sNbvXv Nh-dw-ap-gn-bn¬ Xma-kn-
°p∂p.
A∏-®v (sNdn-bm≥) jmP≥, ssj≥ F∂o ]p{X-∑mcpw
jnPn, {]n≥kn F∂o c≠p ]p{X-nam-cp-ap≠v.
aqØ-]p-{X≥ jmP≥ B-°mw-s]m-bn¬ h´-∏md amXyp-hns‚
aIƒ ]ufnsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. jmPv Aa¬, BZn≥ F∂o
c≠p ]p{X-∑m-cp≠v. Ch¿ Ip™p-ß-fmWv.
c≠m-asØ ]p{X≥ ssj≥ sNtºcn IpSn-bm-ae Im∏n¬
tPmkns‚ aIƒ hno-Xsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ch¿°v kn≤m¿Yv,
dn®m¿Uv F∂o c≠p ]p{X-∑m-cp≠v. Ccp-hcpw Ip™p-ß-fmWv.
aqØ-]p{Xn jnPnsb ]ip-°-Shv s√-cn-bn¬ amΩ-®≥,
t{Xkym aI≥ _ntmbv hnhmlw sNbvXp. c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn
jn≥knsb IqS-c™n Xd-∏n¬ B‚Wn˛tamfn aI≥ kPn hnhmlw
sNbvXp.
h¿°n-bpsS aq∂m-asØ ]p{X≥ tPm¿÷v Iqcm-®p≠v sIm√w-
Ip-t∂¬ tZhkym tacn aIƒ F¬k-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXv Nh-
dw-aq-gn-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p.
tPm¿Pv (Ip™p)p tPm_n≥ F∂ ]p{Xpw Sn‚p F∂
]p{Xn-bp-ap≠v. ]p{X≥ tPm_n≥ ss]k-°cn N°m-Wn-Ip-t∂¬ Hm-
®≥, s]ÆΩ aIƒ kn‘p-hns hnhm-lw-sNbvXp. Nh-dw-ap-gn-bn¬
Xma-kn-°p∂p. tPm_nv A¬° F∂ ]p{Xnbpw AtUm¨ F∂
]p{X-p-ap≠v.
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

60. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 266
tPm¿Pns‚ ]p{Xn Sn‚p-hns Iqcm-®p≠v sSn-b-]me Ah-
dm-®≥ tdmkΩ aI≥ jntPm hnhm-lw-sNbvXp.
Hutk∏v (A-∏-®≥)
sNdn-bms‚ c≠m-asØ ]p{X≥ Hutk∏v (A∏-®≥) ]mem
]pØ≥]-≈n-bn-S-hI ]pXn-bm-]-d-ºn¬ aØm-bn-bpsS aIƒ adn-b-
Øns hnhmlw sNbvXv ae-_m-dn¬ Be-t°mSv Xma-kn-°p∂p.
Ch¿°v tPmk^v (t__n), sNdn-bm≥ (kÆn), amXyp (X¶-®≥),
h¿°n (tPmjn) F∂o mep ]p{X-∑mcpw tacn A∂ (eoe), Gen
(Pb) F∂o aq∂p ]p{Xn-amcpw Pn®p.
A∏-®s‚ aqØ ]p{Xn tacnsb hmbm-´p-]-dºv ssItØm-´p-
¶¬ tPmk^v (HuX) hnhmlw sNbvXp.
c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn eoem-Ωsb Icp-h≥Nm¬ Is√m-Sn-bn¬
IÆmw-]-S-Øn¬ amXyp (Ip´n-b-®≥) hnhmlw sNbvXp. eoemΩ
dn´. Kh. gvkmWv. amXyp kn_nsF Hm^o-k¿ Bbn IÆqcv
tPmen sNøp∂p.
A∏-®s‚ aq∂m-asØ ]p{Xn Pbsb {ioI-WvTm-]pcw aS-
ºØv IWn-bmw-]-d-ºn¬ amXyp hnhmlw sNbvXp. amXyp Fkv_n-
sF-bn¬ amt-P-cmbn tPmen sNøp∂p. Pb Xfn-∏-d-ºn¬ Kh.
FbvUUv kvIqƒ So®-dmWv.
A∏-®s‚ aqØ-]p-{X≥ tPmk^v (t__n) ]q™m-‰n¬n∂pw
ae-_m¿ Be-t°mSv XSn-°-S-hn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂ taeq-°p-t∂¬
tPmk^v, A∂Ω Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ tacnsb hnhmlw sNbvXp.
Be-t°mSv s√n-∏md Xma-kn-°p∂p. t__n°p tPmk^v (PnØp),
sk_m-Ãy≥ F∂o c≠m¨a-°-fmWv. aqØ ]p{X≥ PnØp
kpPsb hnhmlw Ign®p. PnØp Xfn-∏-d-ºn¬ sdUn-sabvUv _nkn-
kv S-Øp∂p. c≠m-a≥ sk_m-Ãy≥ Xfn-∏-d-ºn¬ Hcp ÿm]-
-Øn¬ A°u-≠‚mbn tPmen sNøp∂p.
A∏-®s‚ c≠m-asØ ]p{X≥ kÆn Xriq¿ Aø-t¥mƒ
{_lva-Ipfw Hutk∏v adnbw aIƒ A∂ (tdmkn)sb hnhmlw
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

61. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 267
sNbvXv Be-t°mSv Ac-ßØv Xma-kn-°p∂p. kÆn°v tdmjv F∂
]p{Xpw tdmjvn F∂ ]p{Xn-bp-ap≠v. tdmjv Im∏n-ae ]pc-∏p-g-
°¬ tPmkv, Pbn-kΩ aIƒ kuaysb hnhmlw sNbvXv ]nXrKr-
l-Øn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. tdmjvnsb ]ø-∂q¿ hb-en¬ tPm¿Pv
h’Ω aI≥ APn-k¨ hnhmlw sNbvXp.
A∏-®s‚ aq∂m-asØ ]p{X≥ X¶-®≥ ]øm-hq¿ the-mØv
Nmt°m, adnbw aIƒ B≥knsb hnhmlw sNbvXv Be-t°mSv
s√n-∏md Xma-kn-°p∂p. X¶-®v Inc¨, Acp¨ F∂o c≠p
]p{X-∑m-cmWv. Inc¨ F≥Pn-o-b-dnwKv ]mkmbn _mwKvfq-cn¬
tPmen sNøp∂p. Acp¨ F≥Pn-o-b-dnwKv hnZym¿Yn-bmWv.
A∏-®s‚ mem-asØ ]p{X≥ tPmjn aW-°-Shv ]pen-bp-dp-
ºn¬ A{_mlw, tacn aIƒ tkm^n-bm-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXv
Be-t°mSv Ac-ßØv Xma-kn-°p∂p. tPmjn°v B{Unb, A¿j
F∂o c≠p ]p{Xn-amcpw AeIvkv F∂ ]p{X-p-ap≠v. Ip´n-Iƒ
aq∂p-t]cpw ]Tn-°p-∂p. tkm^n-bmΩ Kh. bp.]n.kvIqƒ sdbtdmw-
an¬ A[ym-]n-I-bmWv. tPmjn sIF-kv-C_n Be-t°mSv Hmh¿ko-
b-dmbn tPmen sNøp∂p.
Nmt°m
Ips©-dn-bm-bpsS aq∂m-asØ ]p{X≥ Nmt°m ]mem-bn¬
I´-°bw IpSpw-_-Øn¬s∏´ Ce-™n-°p-t∂¬ sXmΩs‚ aIƒ
tacnsb hnhmlw sNbvXv ae-_m-dn¬ s]cp-h-Æm-aq-gn-bn¬ Xma-
kn-°p∂p. Nmt°mbv°v sNdn-bm≥, tXmakv, tPmkv, Nmt°m,
h¿°n, t]mƒk¨, kPn, km_p, tkmP≥ F∂o HºXv
]p{X≥amcpw A∂, tacn F∂o c≠p ]p{Xn-am-cp-ap≠v.
Nmt°m-bpsS H∂m-asØ ]p{X≥ sNdn-bm≥ (tPmbn) s]cp-
h-Æm-aqgn Xq¶p-gnbn¬ ]m∏®≥, tacn aIƒ A∂ (AΩnWn)sb
hnhmlw sNbvXv s]cp-h-Æm-aq-gn-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. tPmbn°v
Nmt°m ({]n≥kv), sNdn-bm≥ ({]ho¨) F∂o c≠p ]p{X-∑mcpw
tdmk ({]nb) F∂ ]p{Xn-bp-ap≠v.
tPmbn-bpsS aqØ ]p{X≥ {]n≥kv IqS-c™n s]Æmw-]-d-
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

62. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 268
ºn¬ nj (t{_mWnb)sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ccp-hcpw _l-dn-
n¬ tPmen sNøp∂p. tPmbn-bpsS c≠m-asØ ]p{X≥ {]ho¨
Ahn-hm-ln-X-mWv. ]nXr-Kr-l-Øn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. aqØ-]p{Xn
{]nbsb tImgn-t°m´v Ipcn-ip-¶¬ tPmkns‚ aI≥ ssjPp
hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ccp-hcpw kuZn-bn¬ tPmen sNøp∂p.
Nmt°m-bpsS c≠m-asØ ]p{X≥ tXmakv (kÆn) ]Sp-Ø-
I-Shv Cf-∏p-¶¬ amXyp, t{XkymΩ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ euensb
hnhmlw sNbvXv ]S-Øp-I-Shv Xma-kn-°p∂p. kÆn°p AarX
F∂ aIfpw tSman≥ F∂ aI-p-ap≠v. AarX t_mws_-bn¬
gvkmbn tPmen sNøp∂p. tSman≥ hnZym¿Yn-bmWv.
Nmt°m-bpsS aq∂m-asØ ]p{X≥ tPmkv Iqcm-®p≠v XI-Sn-
∏p-dØv tPmk^v, Gen aIƒ tacnsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. s]cp-h-
Æm- a qgn Iqh- s ∏m- ø n¬ Xma- k n- ° p∂p. tPmknp Pn¬k¨,
tPm^n≥ F∂o c≠m¨a-°-fp≠v. Ccp-hcpw hnZym¿Yn-I-fmWv.
Nmt°m-bpsS mem-asØ ]p{X≥ Nmt°m (s_∂n) N°n-´-
]md ap≈-¶p-gn-bn¬ tPmk^v, Za-b¥n aIƒ kn¬hn (ann)sb
hnhmlw sNbvXv N°n-´]mdbn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. s_∂n°p Aho‰
-
F∂ s]¨Ip-´nbpw Ae≥ F∂ B¨Ip-´n-bp-ap≠v. Ccp-hcpw
hnZym¿Yn-I-fmWv. s_∂n ]´m-f-Øn¬ tPmen sNøp-Ibpw Ct∏mƒ
tPmen-bn¬n∂pw hnc-an-®v _nkn-kv sNøp∂p. ann Ipf-Øp-h-
b¬ kvIqfn¬ tPmen sNøp∂p.
Nmt°m-bpsS A©m-asØ ]p{X≥ tPm¿Pv (Xºn) ]p√q-cmw-
]md apcn-ß-bn¬ tPmk^v, {_nPn‰v, aIƒ ann (A∂Ω)sb
hnhmlw sNbvXv Nh-dw-aq-gn-bn¬ ]nXr-Kr-l-Øn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p.
Xºn°v APnØv F∂ ]p{Xpw Ap F∂ ]p{Xn-bp-ap≠v.
Ccp-hcpw hnZym¿Yn-I-fmWv.
Nmt°m-bpsS Bdm-asØ ]p{X≥ t]mƒ ]qgn-tØmSv ]pI-
ae tXmakv ˛ Gen aIƒ tamfnsb hnhmlw sNbvXv Nh-dw-aq-gn-
bn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. t]mfnv sPdn≥ F∂ ]p{Xpw Pnp acnb,
Pnkv acnb F∂o c≠p ]p{Xn-am-cp-amWv. aqhcpw hnZym¿Yn-I-fmWv.
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

63. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 269
Nmt°m-bpsS Ggm-asØ ]p{X≥ amXyp (kPn) U¬ln-bn¬
Nnd-bØv AØm-Wn-°¬ tP°_v, Nn∂Ω aIƒ Smnsb hnhmlw
sNbvXv OmWvUn-K-Un¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. kPn OWvUn-K-Un¬
kvIqfns‚ {]n≥kn-∏¬ Bbn tPmen tm°p∂p. Smn AUz-t°‰v
Bbn tPmen sNøp∂p. Ch¿°v Bcy≥ F∂ ]p{Xpw tacn-bm≥
F∂ ]p{Xn-bp-ap≠v. Ccp-hcpw Ip™p-ß-fmWv.
Nmt°m-bpsS F´m-asØ ]p{X≥ sk_m-Ãy≥ (km_p) hne-
ßm´v Nqc-s∏m-bvI-bn¬ skens hnhmlw sNbvXp. km_p amen-
Zzo-]n¬ A[ym-]-I-mbn tPmen sNøp∂p. sken≥ ]©m-_n¬
kvIqƒ So®-dmbn tPmen sNøp∂p. Ch¿°v Alm≥j F∂
s]¨Ip-´n-bp≠v.
Nmt°m-bpsS Hº-Xm-asØ ]p{X≥ tkmP≥ tImS-t©-cn-bn¬
I∏-ep-am-°¬ tZhky, tacn aIƒ ann-tamsf hnhmlw sNbvXp.
Ch¿ ]©m-_n¬ OWvUn-K-Un¬ kvIqfn¬ tPmen sNøp∂p.
tkmP≥ kvIqƒ {]n≥kn-∏emWv. ann-tamƒ AtX kvIqfn¬ A[ym-
-
]n-IbmWv. tkmPp ktemWn, Aoj F∂o c≠p ]p{Xn-am-cp≠v.
-
Ccp-hcpw Ip™p-ß-fmWv.
Nmt°m-bpsS H∂m-asØ ]p{Xn tPmfnsb hb-mSv hmfm-
´n¬ shºm-e-bn¬ tPmk^v A∂Ω aI≥ sk_m-Ãy≥ (Ip´∏n)
hnhmlw sNbvXp.
Nmt°m-bpsS c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn Pm≥knsb s]cp-h-Æm-aqgn
apXp-Im´v Ioc-©nd tXmakv A∂Ω aI≥ tPmkv hnhmlw
sNbvXp.
sNdn-bm≥
Ips©-dn-b-bpsS mem-asØ ]p{X≥ sNdn-bm≥ `c-W-ßm-
Øv tX°n≥Im-´n¬ IpSpw-_-Øn¬s∏´ ]p∂-a-‰-Øn¬ Hutk-
∏ns‚ aIƒ adn-b-Øns hnhm-lw-sNbvXv ae-_m-dn¬ s]cp-h-Æm-
aq-gn-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. Ch¿°v X¶-®≥, amXyp, tPmk^v F∂o
aq∂p ]p{X-∑mcpw Nn∂Ω, tacn-°p´n, jm‚n, ssjn, ann F∂
A©v ]p{Xn-am-cp-ap-≠mbn. sNdn-bm≥ 2010 sk]vXw-_¿ A©mw-
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

64. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 270
Xo-bXn acWw {]m]n®v ]S-Øp-°-Shv Xncp-Ip-Spw_ tZhm-eb skan-
tØ-cn-bn¬ kwkvI-cn®p. sNdn-bms‚ a°-fn¬ X¶-®≥, tPmk^v,
ssjn F∂o a°ƒ acn®p t]mbn.
aqØ aIƒ Nn∂-Ωsb Iqcm-®p≠v Im‰p-≈-ae aW-te¬
tPmk^v, adn-bmΩ aI≥ sk_m-Ãy≥ F∂ A∏-®≥ hnhmlw
sNbvXv Nn∂-Ω-bpsS ]nXmhv sNdn-bms‚ IqsS Xma-kn-°p∂p.
Ch¿°v Zo]m F∂ ]p{Xnbpw Zneo]v F∂ ]p{X-p-ap≠v. ]p{Xn
Zo]sb Ip∏m-b-t°mSv sagp-I-m¬ tPm¿Pv Nn∂Ω aI≥ jntPm
hnhmlw sNbvXp. sNdn-bms‚ c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn tacn-°p-´nsb
hne-ßmSv ]qh-Øpw-aq-´n¬ tXmakv, X¶Ω Zº-Xn-IfpsS aI≥ tSman
-
hnhmlw sNbvXp. sNdn-bms‚ aq∂m-asØ ]p{Xn jm‚nsb
t]cm{º aW-∏m´v a[p hnhmlw sNbvXp. mem-asØ ]p{Xn
annsb ne- º q¿ hmg- ∏ - ≈ n¬ sFk- ° ns‚ aI≥ h¿Kokv
hnhmlw sNbvXp.
sNdn-bms‚ ]p{X≥ amXyp KqV-√q¿ aqtØ-SØv d∏m-bn-tb¬
aIƒ t__nsb hnhmlw sNbvXv Nh-dw-aq-gn-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p.
Ch¿°v _n≥kn F∂ ]p{Xnbpw _nt‚m F∂ ]p{X-p-ap≠v. Ccp-
hcpw ]Tn-°p∂p.
tXmakv (-sXm-Ω-®≥)
Ips©-dn-b-bpsS A©m-asØ ]p{X≥ tXmakv (sXmΩ-®≥)
Xot°m-bn¬ ]tc-cmØv IpSpw-_-Øn¬s∏´ Aßm-Sn-bn¬ho-´n¬
h¿°n-bpsS aIƒ {_nPn-Ømsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ch¿ Ct∏mƒ
]nXr-kz-Ømb hmIm-n-]-dºv hn‰v ]mem-bn¬ ap≠p-]m-eØv Xma-
kn-°p∂p. tXma-knp ]mem SuWn¬ Ão¬, sNºv _nkn--kp-
≠m-bn-cp∂p. tXma-knv tamfn, _o, joe, P€n, kqk≥ F∂o
A©p ]p{Xn-amcpw kn_n F∂ ]p{X-p-ap≠v.
sXmΩ-®s‚ aqØ-a-Iƒ tamfnsb aqhm-‰p-]pg tXm´-Øn¬
tUman-n-°ns‚ aI≥ tPmbn hnhmlw sNbvXp. t^m¨: 0485
2834471.
c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn _omsb aptØm-e-]p-cØv sIm‰-m´v
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

65. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 271
t]mƒ aI≥ FΩm-p-h¬ hnhmlw sNbvXp. t^m¨: 0485 2257369.
aq∂m-asØ ]p{Xn joesb CS-∏mSn Xpcp-Øn-°m´v aØmbn aI≥
tPm¿Pp-Ip´n hnhmlw sNbvXp. t^m¨ 04822 237004. mem-asØ
]p{Xn sP€nsb tImX-aw-Kew sNdm-bn¬ tPmk^v aI≥ B‚Wn
hnhmlw sNbvXp. t^m¨: 0485 2570647. A©m-asØ ]p{Xn
kqks Beph Ce- ™ n- a - ‰ - Ø n¬ tPmk^v aI≥ am¿´n≥
hnhmlw sNbvXp. t^m¨: 9447006696.
sXmΩ-®s‚ ]p{X≥ kn_n thg-º-t»-cn¬ tPmk^v aIƒ
tPmtamsf hnhmlw Ign-®n-cn-°p∂p. sU∂n, tUmW F∂o c≠p
a°-fp≠v. Ccp-hcpw ]Tn-°p∂p. t^m¨: 9447313049.
hmIm-n-bn¬ s√n-ae imJ
s√n-ae C´n-b-bn∏v (Bdmw Xe-apd)
A©mw Xe-apd hmIm-n-bn¬ sNdn-bms‚ mem-asØ
]p{X≥ Bdmw Xe-apd C´n-b-b∏v CS-∏m-Sn-bn¬ hmfn-πm-°¬ A∂-
Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXv ZØ-h-Im-i-ambn Xma-kn®p. Hcp ]p{Xpw,
amΩn, adnbw, Gen F∂ aq∂p ]p{Xn-amcpw Pn®p. ]p{X≥ acn-®p-
t]mbn. At±lw ]p{Xn-am-tcm-sSm-∂n®v Ing-X-Sn-bq¿ s√n-a-e-∏p-c-
bn-SØn¬ Xma-kam°n. aqØ ]p{Xn amΩnsb ]Sn-™m-td-°c imJ-
- -
bn¬s∏´ Nocmw-Ip-gn-bn¬ sXmΩs‚ aI≥ Abv]v hnhmlw
sNbvXp. c≠m-asØ ]p{Xnsb `c-W-ßm-Øv πmtØm´w IpSpw-
_-Øn¬s∏´ tXm´-Øn¬ aØmbn hnhmlw sNbvXv ZØ-h-Im-i-
ambn Xma-kn®p. aq∂m-asØ ]p{Xn Gensb `c-W-ßm-Øv
]d-ap-≠-bn¬ tZh-kym-bpsS aI≥ aØmbn hnhmlw sNbvXp.
ZØ-hIm-in-bmb aØmbn, C´n-bbv]ns‚ ac-Wtijw hkvXp-
- - -
h-I-Iƒ hn‰v ae-_m-dn¬ t]mbn Xma-k-am°n. A[nIw Xma-kn-
bmsX aØm-bnbpw adn-bhpw acn®p. Ah¿°v ]m∏-®≥, Hutk∏v,
sNdn-bm≥, C´n-bbv]v F∂o mep ]p{X-∑mcpw D≠m-bn-cp∂p.
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

66. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 272
]m∏-®≥
aqØ-]p-{X≥ ]m∏-®≥ oeq¿ ]Sn-™m-td¬ Ip™ns‚ aIsf
hnhmlw sNbvXp. Hcp s]¨Ip´n Pn-®p-I-gn™v AΩ acn-°-bm¬
]mem-bn¬ Ce-™n-bn¬ tdmk-Ωsb ]p¿hn-hmlw sNbvXp.
ae-_m-dn¬ Nn‰m-cn-°m-en--SpØv Imhpw-Xe Xma-kn-°p∂p.
BZy hnhm-lØnse ]p{Xn tacn UnFkvSn k`-bn¬ tN¿∂p. Iym-
-
kv{Xo-bmbn Ct∏mƒ ]q™m-dn--SpØv tNme-ØSw aT-Øn¬ Ign-
bp∂p. c≠mw hnhm-l-Øn¬ t__n, kÆn, s_∂n F∂o aq∂p
]p{X∑mcpw tPmbnΩ, h’ F∂o c≠p ]p{Xn-am-cp-ap≠v. aqØ-]p-
{X≥ t__n ISp-ta-n-bn¬ ]≈n-tbm-´n¬ F’-Ωsb hnhmlw
sNbvXv Imhpw-Xe Xma-kn-°p∂p. t__n°v Ap F∂ ]p{Xnbpw
Aq]v F∂ ]p{X-p-ap≠v. Ch¿ hnZym¿Yn-I-fmWv. c≠m-asØ
]p{X≥ kÆn sNdp-]pg ]pd-∏q-°-c-ho-´n¬ ^nen-t∏mkv Gen-bmΩ
Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ tdmk-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXv Imhpw-Xe Xma-
kn-°p∂p. kÆn°v k¬ F∂ ]p{Xpw km{µ F∂ ]p{Xn-bp-
ap≠v. Ccp-hcpw hnZym¿Yn-I-fmWv. aq∂m-asØ ]p{X≥ s_∂n
amtemw ]gp-°m-°pfw ho´n¬ Nmt°m, eoemΩ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ
sP€nsb hnhmlw sNbvXv Imhpw-Xe Irjnbpw ]e-N-c°v _nkn-
-kp-ambn Ign-bp∂ s_∂n°v Pqh¬ Fs∂mcp s]¨Ip-´n-bp≠v.
Chƒ hnZym¿Yn-bmWv.
]m∏- ® s‚ c≠m- a sØ ]p{Xn tPmb- Ω sb ]mem- h - b ¬
sR´≥ Hgp-I-bn¬ A∏-®≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. aq∂m-asØ ]p{Xn
h’sb ISp-tan Bep-¶¬ tPmkp-Ip´n hnhmlw sNbvXp. ]m∏-
®≥ 2006 HIvtSm-_-dn¬ F´mw XobXn acWw {]m]n®v Imhpw-Xe
]≈n skan-tØ-cn-bn¬ kwkvI-cn®p.
Hutk-∏-®≥
aØm-bn-bpsS c≠m-asØ ]p{X≥ Hutk-∏-®≥ IS-mSv
]m≠n-bmw-am-°¬ h¿°n-bpsS aIƒ Gen-bm-Ωsb hnhmlw
sNbvXv IpSIp kn≤m-]p-cØv AΩØn F∂ ÿeØv Xma-kn-
°p∂p. Hutk-∏®p tacn, t{Kkn F∂o c≠p s]¨a-°fpw amXyp
-
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

67. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 273
(Ip´n-®≥), tPm¿÷v (h°-®≥), tPmkv, B‚Wn (tSman) F∂
mep ]p{X-∑m-cp-ap-≠mbn.
aqØ- ] p{Xn tacn (h’Ω)sb Ccn- ´ n- b n¬ Xma- c - ° m´p
tPmk^v aI≥ tPmk^v hnhmlw sNbvXp. c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn
t{Kknsb Ccn´n ]me-Øpw-I-Shv N°mw-Ip-t∂¬ ]m∏-®≥ aI≥
tPmkv hnhmlw Ign®p.
Hutk-∏-®s‚ aqØ-]p-{X≥ amXyp (Ip´n-®≥) ap°Øv Nnd-
∏m´v h¿°n-bpsS aIƒ A®m-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXv kn≤m-]p-
cØv Xma-kn-°p∂p. amXyp-hnp c≠p s]¨a-°fpw tPmk^v F∂
]p{X-p-ap≠v.
aqØ-]p{Xn tkmWnsb t]cm-hq¿ sXt°-ae ]m∏-®≥ aI≥
kPn hnhmlw sNbvXp.
c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn Pq_nensb It®-cn-°Shv C√n-°°p-t∂¬
- -
amXyp-hns‚ aI≥ kp[ojv hnhmlw sNbvXp. ]p{X≥ tPmk^v
JØ-dn¬ tPmen sNøp∂p.
Hutk-∏-®s‚ c≠m-asØ ]p{X≥ tPm¿÷v (h°-®≥) Nn‰m-
cn-°m¬ sIm´m-c-Øn¬ tPmk^v aIƒ t{Xkym-Ωsb hnhmlw
sNbvXv AΩ-Øn-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. tPm¿÷np tJ tPm¿÷v
F∂ Hcp ]p{Xn-bp≠v. Chƒ ]Tn-°p∂p.
aq∂m-asØ ]p{X≥ tPmkv ap´p-Nn-dbn¬n∂pw IpS-In¬ Xma-
-
kn-°p∂ aT-Øn¬ tPmk^v aIƒ Pqen-b‰v Fen-k-_-Øns
hnhmlw sNbvXv IpSIv AΩ-Øn-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p. tPmkv
tdj≥ hym]mcw S-Øp∂p. tPmknp taL F∂ aIfpw
nJn¬ tPmkv F∂ aI-p-ap≠v. Ch¿ Cc´ k¥m--ß-emWv.
c≠p-t]cpw ]Tn-°p∂p.
mem-asØ ]p{X≥ B‚Wn (tSman) CSp°n sSp-¶≠w ]pfn-
°-sØm-≠n¬ tPmk-^ns‚ aIƒ annsb hnhmlw Ign®p.
B‚Wn IpSIv Pn√m kl-I-cW _m¶n¬ tPmen sNøp∂p. B‚-
Wn°p Aa¬ tPmk^v, Ae≥ tPmk^v F∂o c≠m¨a-°-fmWv.
sIm®p-Ip-´n-I-fmWv.
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

68. Ing-t°-°c IpSpw-_Ncn{Xw 274
-sNdn-bm≥
aØm-bn-bpsS aq∂m-asØ ]p{X≥ sNdn-bm≥ Im™n-c-∏≈n
Ce-hp-¶¬ aØm-bn-bpsS aIƒ sUbvknsb hnhmlw sNbvXv
Im™n-c∏pg s]m‰-t»cn Xma-kn-°p-∂p. sNdn-bmv c≠m¨ a°fpw
-
c≠v s]¨a-°-fp-am-Wv. tPmkv, tPmbn F∂o B¨a-°fpw Dj,
enj F∂o s]¨a-°-fp-am-Wv. tPmkv Xriq¿ ]pXp-°m´v amS-ºn-
tZ-h-€n-˛-tdm-kΩ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ tagvknsb hnhmlw sNbvXv
aÆm¿Im´v Xma-kn-°p-∂p. tPmknv HcmWpw Hcp s]Æpw a°fp-
≠v. jmtcm¨ F∂ B¨Ip-´nbpw kndn≥ F∂ s]¨Ip-´n-bp-am-
Wv. c≠p a°fpw F≥Pn-o-b-dnwKv Ign-™p. tPmkv F¬.-sF.-kn.
GP‚mbn h¿°v sNøp-∂p. c≠masØ ]p{X≥ tPmbn Xriq¿
Nnd-tΩ¬ dmt^¬˛tacn Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ tkm^nsb hnhmlw
sNbvXv Im™n-c-∏pg ]nXr-Kr-l-Øn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. tPmbn°v
c≠v s]¨Ip-´n-Ifm-Wv. tPm^n, sP^n F∂o s]¨a-°fm-Wv. Ch¿
- -
hnZym¿∞n-I-fm-Wv. aqØ ]p{Xn Djsb aÆm¿°m´v Cc-´-∏-d-ºn¬
sIm®v-˛-tdm-kΩ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ tPm¿÷v hnhmlw sNbvXv
aÆm¿°m´p Xma-kn-°p-∂p.
c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn enjsb aÆm¿°mSv Xe-®n-d-°p-gn-bn¬
t]mƒ ˛ Gen-bmΩ Zº-Xn-IfpsS aI≥ sNdn-bm≥ hnhmlw sNbvXv
-
aÆm¿°mSv Xma-kn-°p∂p.
C´n- sF∏v
aØm-bn-bpsS mem-asØ ]p{X≥ C´n sF∏v ae-_m-dn¬
Ccn-´n-b-SpØv ]me-Øn≥I-S-hn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p.
sI.Sn.tPmk^v
sXmΩs‚ A©m-asØ ]p{X≥ tPmk^v sshZn-I-hrØn
Dt]-£n®v tN¿∏p-¶¬ ]d-tIm´n-bn¬ tPmk^v ˛ Gen-°p´n Zº-
Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ tacnsb hnhmlw sNbvXv Ccn-´n-b-SpØv B-∏m-d-
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

69. 275

70. 276

71. 277

72. 278

73. 279

74. 280

75. 281

76. 282

77. 283

78. 284