This is the updated version of Joël and my standard Lithium talk, with a few tweaks and updates since the last time we gave it.

1. A Framework for People
Who Hate Frameworks.

2. A movement in 3 parts
• Frameworks suck
• Everything you know is wrong
• Lithium tries to suck less

3. The first part.

4. Let’s get one thing out
of the way:

5. Lithium sucks.

6. But that’s okay.

7. Because your
framework sucks, too.

9. Why?

10. Frameworks Suck
• Code you will never use.
• Complexity overhead.
• You didn’t write it.

11. Also,
Martin Fowler.

12. His name is the
biggest, so it’s his
fault.

13. We’re not saying design patterns are bad.
Quite the opposite.

14. Lithium implements many well known design
patterns.

15. The Problem™

16. Some patterns only treat the symptoms,
instead of the cause.

17. Some examples:

18. Object dependencies.
“The principle of separating configuration from use.”

19. Configuration.

20. Everyone does it differently.

21. Sometimes in the same framework.

22. Sometimes in the same class.

23. Dependency injection.

24. A great idea!

25. ... but you need to understand what you’re
doing.

26. Some patterns were implemented in Java, to
solve language problems that PHP just doesn’t
have.

27. “Design Patterns In Dynamic Languages”
Peter Norvig
http://norvig.com/design-patterns/

28. Try this some time...

30. The second part.

31. Everything
you know
is wrong.

32. The sun does not
revolve around OOP
...nevertheless,
it moves.
Galileo facing the Roman Inquistion
- Cristiano Banti (1857)

33. Dependency injection.

34. Dependency Injection
• Fixes the problem of static dependencies
• Ignores the problem of static relationships
• Same methods called on injected classes
• No way to introduce new relationships
• Higher overhead, more boilerplate code

35. Dependency Injection
• Various attempts at making DI work better:
• DI Container
• Using dynamic nature of PHP to your
advantage.

36. Coupling should be in
proportion to domain
relevance.

37. The problem of
state.

38. If...
Configure::write('debug', 0);
is evil,
$this->debug = 0;
is the

40. of evil.

41. class Service {
protected $_timeout = 30;
public function send($method, $data = null, array $options = array()) {
// WTF does this do?
$this->_prepare();
$response = $this->_connection->send($request, array(
'timeout' => $this->_timeout
));
// ...
}
}

42. OO doesn’t make you
think (about state).

43. Design patterns.

44. ActiveRecord
Data Access Object
Unit of Work
Dependency Injection
Registry
Front Controller MVC
Value Object
Data Mapper Service Layer

45. L E
FA

46. Design patterns
• Each pattern is only useful in a limited
context
• Layering many design patterns on top of
each other often indicates poor design
choices
• Mis-application arises from trying to run
before you can walk

47. Tools do not mean...
...you can build a house.

48. The third part.

49. Lithium tries to suck less.

50. Un-broken solutions.

51. Aspect-Oriented Design
• Separation of concerns
• Domain classes should not know or care about cross-
cutting concerns
• Examples:
• Caching
• Logging
• Access Control, etc.

52. Functional Programming
• Only possible when functions are first-class
citizens
• Referential transparency
• Functional purity

53. Referential transparency is not...
$this date()
$_*

54. Referential transparency is not...
$this date()
$_*

55. These Are Not
Design Patterns.

56. Less Suck
• Draws on years of experience building web
frameworks
• PHP 5.3+ only
• Doesn’t assume you’re stupid

57. Ways we try to suck
less:

58. Consistency.

59. <?php
namespace applicationbar;
use lithiumutilString;
use lithiumutilCollection;
class Foo extends lithiumcoreObject {
protected $_classes = array(
'cache' => 'lithiumstorageCache',
'logger' => 'lithiumanalysisLogger'
);
public function __construct(array $config = array()) {
// ...
}
protected function _init() {
// ...
}
}
?>

60. public function __construct(array $config = array())
<?php
public function __construct(array $config = array())
namespace applicationbar;
public function __construct(array $config = array())
use public function __construct(array $config = array())
lithiumutilString;
use lithiumutilCollection;
public function __construct(array $config = array())
class Foo extends lithiumcoreObject {
public function __construct(array $config = array())
protected $_classes = array(
public function'lithiumstorageCache', = array())
'cache' => __construct(array $config
'logger' => 'lithiumanalysisLogger'
public function __construct(array $config = array())
);
public function __construct(array $config = array()) {
// ...
}
public function __construct(array $config = array())
protected function _init() {
public function __construct(array $config = array())
// ...
}
public function __construct(array $config = array())
}
public function __construct(array $config = array())
?>
public function __construct(array $config = array())

61. <?php
namespace applicationbar;
use lithiumutilString;
use lithiumutilCollection;
class Foo extends lithiumcoreObject {
protected $_classes = array(
'cache' => 'lithiumstorageCache',
'logger' => 'lithiumanalysisLogger'
);
public function __construct(array $config = array()) {
// ...
}
protected function _init() {
// ...
}
}
?>

62. <?php
<?php
namespace applicationbar;
class Foo extends lithiumcoreObject
use lithiumutilString; {
use lithiumutilCollection;
protected function _init() {
class Foo extends lithiumcoreObject {
$or = $some->highOverHead($operation);
$or()->otherwise(HARD_TO_TEST)->code();
protected $_classes = array(
'cache' => 'lithiumstorageCache',
}
'logger' => 'lithiumanalysisLogger'
}
);
?>
public function __construct(array $config = array()) {
// ...
}
protected function _init() {
// ...
2
}
}
?>

63. <?php
<?php
namespace applicationbar;
class Foo extends lithiumcoreObject
use lithiumutilString; {
use lithiumutilCollection;
protected function _init() {
class Foo extends lithiumcoreObject {
$or = $some->highOverHead($operation);
$or()->otherwise(HARD_TO_TEST)->code();
protected $_classes = array(
'cache' => 'lithiumstorageCache',
}
'logger' => 'lithiumanalysisLogger'
}
);
?>
public function __construct(array $config = array()) {
// ...
}
protected function _init() {
// ...
2
}
}
$foo = new Foo(array('init' => false));
?>

64. <?php
namespace applicationbar;
use lithiumutilString;
use lithiumutilCollection;
class Foo extends lithiumcoreObject {
protected $_classes = array(
'cache' => 'lithiumstorageCache',
'logger' => 'lithiumanalysisLogger'
);
public function __construct(array $config = array()) {
// ...
}
protected function _init() {
// ...
}
}
?>

65. <?php
namespace applicationbar; 3
use lithiumutilString;
use lithiumutilCollection;
new applicationbarFoo();
// loads app/bar/Foo.php
class Foo extends lithiumcoreObject {
protected $_classes = array(
'cache' => 'lithiumstorageCache',
'logger' => 'lithiumanalysisLogger'
);
public function __construct(array $config = array()) {
// ...
}
protected function _init() {
// ...
}
}
?>

66. <?php
namespace applicationbar;
4
use lithiumutilString;
use lithiumutilCollection;
class Foo extends lithiumcoreObject {
protected $_classes = array(
'cache' => 'lithiumstorageCache',
'logger' => 'lithiumanalysisLogger'
);
public function __construct(array $config = array()) {
// ...
}
protected function _init() {
// ...
}
}
?>

67. <?php
namespace applicationbar;
use lithiumutilString;
use lithiumutilCollection;
class Foo extends lithiumcoreObject {
protected $_classes = array(
'cache' => 'lithiumstorageCache',
'logger' => 'lithiumanalysisLogger' 5
);
public function __construct(array $config = array()) {
// ...
}
protected function _init() {
// ... = $this->_classes['cache'];
$cache
} $cache::write(__CLASS__, $this->_someGeneratedValue());
} }
}
?>
?>

68. <?php
namespace applicationbar;
use lithiumutilString;
use lithiumutilCollection;
class Foo extends lithiumcoreObject {
protected $_classes = array(
'cache' => 'lithiumstorageCache',
'logger' => 'lithiumanalysisLogger' 5
);
$foo = new Foo(array('classes' => array(
public function __construct(array $config = array()) {
'cache' => 'applicationextensionsCache'
// ...
)));
}
protected function _init() {
// ... = $this->_classes['cache'];
$cache
} $cache::write(__CLASS__, $this->_someGeneratedValue());
} }
}
?>
?>

69. <?php
namespace applicationbar;
use lithiumutilString;
use lithiumutilCollection;
class Foo extends lithiumcoreObject {
protected $_classes = array(
'cache' => 'lithiumstorageCache',
'logger' => 'lithiumanalysisLogger'
);
public function __construct(array $config = array()) {
// ...
}
protected function _init() {
// ... = $this->_classes['cache'];
$cache
} $cache::write(__CLASS__, $this->_someGeneratedValue());
} }
}
?>
?>

70. $options = array()

71. Keeps parameter lists short
&
Makes class APIs more extensible

72. $config = array()

73. Same idea. But...!
Modifies class / object state.

74. Adaptable
Auth
Cache
Catalog
Connections
Logger
Session

75. use lithiumsecurityAuth;
Auth::config(array(
'customer' => array(
'adapter' => 'Form',
'model' => 'Customer',
'fields' => array('email', 'password')
)
));

76. use lithiumstorageCache;
Cache::config(array(
'local' => array('adapter' => 'Apc'),
'distributed' => array(
'adapter' => 'Memcached',
'servers' => array('127.0.0.1', 11211),
),
'default' => array('adapter' => 'File')
));

77. use lithiumdataConnections;
Connections::config(array(
'old' => array(
'type' => 'database',
'adapter' => 'MySql',
'user' => 'bobby_tables',
'password' => '******',
'database' => 'my_app'
),
'new' => array(
'type' => 'MongoDb',
'database' => 'my_app'
)
));

78. use lithiumstorageSession;
Session::config(array(
'cookie' => array(
'adapter' => 'Cookie',
'expire' => '+2 days'
),
'default' => array('adapter' => 'Php')
));

79. Also fun:

80. use lithiumstorageSession;
Session::config(array(
'default' => array(
'adapter' => 'MyCustomAdapter',
'expires' => '+2 days',
'custom' => 'Whatever!'
)
));

81. use lithiumstorageSession;
Session::config(array(
'default' => array(
'adapter' => 'MyCustomAdapter',
'expires' => '+2 days',
'custom' => 'Whatever!'
)
));
public function __construct(array $config = array())

82. Multiple environments?

83. use lithiumstorageCache;
Cache::config(array(
'default' => array(
'development' => array(
'adapter' => 'Apc'
),
'production' => array(
'adapter' => 'Memcached',
'servers' => array('127.0.0.1', 11211)
)
)
));

84. use lithiumstorageCache;
Cache::config(array(
'default' => array(
'development' => array(
'adapter' => 'Apc'
),
'production' => array(
'adapter' => 'Memcached',
'servers' => array('127.0.0.1', 11211)
)
)
));

85. Works identically for all adapters.

86. If you remember nothing
else about configuration
state...

87. Immutability.
Set it and forget it.

88. Performance.

89. Zoom?
• Performance vs. speed of development is a
series of trade-offs
• Large-scale apps don’t use stock framework
infrastructure, and that’s a good thing
• A generalized framework will never be as
fast as hand-tuned code

90. Zoom!
• Choice is good
• Use native extensions (PECL) whenever
possible.
• Don’t like a class? Change it. At runtime.
• Profiled at every step of the way with
XHProf and XDebug cachegrinds.

91. Example: Resource
Routing

92. use appmodelsPost;
use lithiumactionResponse;
use lithiumnethttpRouter;
Router::connect('/frequent_api_call.json', array(), function($request) {
return new Response(array(
'type' => 'application/json',
'body' => Post::recent()->to('json')
));
});

93. Platform
Rackspace Cloud
• 256MB ram
• Ubuntu Karmic
• Apache 2.2.12
• PHP 5.3.1
• Xcache
• Siege 2.68
2009-11-26

94. Flexibility.

95. Lithium is a highly
flexible framework.

96. Most class dependencies
are dynamic.
(Our implementation of dependency injection)

97. class Service extends lithiumcoreObject {
protected $_classes = array(
'request' => 'lithiumnethttpRequest',
'response' => 'lithiumnethttpResponse',
'socket' => 'lithiumnetsocketContext'
);
}
$service = new Service(array('classes' => array(
'socket' => 'mycustomSocket'
)));

98. The Filter System:
Aspect-Oriented Design
for PHP.

99. Example: Caching & Logging
Caching
Logging
Post::find()

100. Example: Caching & Logging
Caching
Logging
Post::find()

101. use lithiumanalysisLogger;
Post::applyFilter('find', function($self, $params, $chain) {
// Generate the log message
$conditions = $params['options']['conditions'];
$message = 'Post query with constraint ' . var_export($conditions, true);
Logger::write('info', $message);
return $chain->next($self, $params, $chain);
});

102. use lithiumanalysisLogger;
Post Logger
Post::applyFilter('find', function($self, $params, $chain) {
// Generate the log message
$conditions = $params['options']['conditions'];
$message = 'Post query with constraint ' . var_export($conditions, true);
Logger::write('info', $message);
return $chain->next($self, $params, $chain);
});

103. What about Observer?
• Dependent on a centralized publish/
subscribe system
• Extra layer of abstraction
• Fewer possibilities

104. What about Observer?
• Filters are self-contained and attach
directly to objects
• Direct and intuitive

105. Features: Everything is an adapter.
(well, almost)

106. Databases
• 1st-class support for document-oriented
databases
• MongoDB & CouchDB: production ready
• Relational databases in beta
• Cassandra/Redis/Riak in the works, too

107. <?php
$post = Post::create(array(
'title' => ' ',
'body' => ' '
));
$post->save();
$post = Post::find($id);
?>
<h2><?=$post->title; ?></h2>
<p><?=$post->body; ?></p>

108. This works on...

109. This works on...
• MongoDB
• CouchDB
• MySQL
• SQLite

110. MongoDB + CouchDB:
$post = Post::create(array(
'title' => ' ',
'body' => ' ',
'tags' => array('PHP', 'Japan'),
'author' => array('name' => 'Nate')
));
$post->save();

111. MongoDB:
$posts = Post::all(array('conditions' => array(
'tags' => array('PHP', 'Japan'),
'author.name' => 'Nate'
)));
// Translates to...
db.posts.find({
tags : { $in : ['PHP', 'Japan'] },
'author.name' : 'Nate'
})

112. Databases
• Adapter based, plugin aware
• Will ship with MySQL, SQLite & PostgreSQL
• SQL Server support via plugin
• Query API

113. The Query API
• Flexible data container
• Allows each backend data store to only worry
about features it implements
• Keeps model API separate from backend data
sources

114. The Query API
$ages = User::all(array(
'group' => 'age',
'reduce' => 'function(obj, prev) { prev.count++; }',
'initial' => array('count' => 0)
));

115. The Query API
$query = new Query(array(
'type' => 'read',
'model' => 'appmodelsPost',
'fields' => array('Post.title', 'Post.body'),
'conditions' => array('Post.id' => new Query(array(
'type' => 'read',
'fields' => array('post_id'),
'model' => 'appmodelsTagging',
'conditions' => array('Tag.name' => array('foo', 'bar', 'baz')),
)))
));

116. The Query API
• Run simple queries via the Model API
• Build your own complex queries with the
Query API
• Create your own adapter, or drop in a
custom query optimizer

117. Btw, li3_doctrine

118. Plays nice with others
• Easily load & use libraries from other
frameworks:
• Zend Framework, Solar, Symfony, PEAR,
etc.
• PSR-0 Class-loading standard

119. /* add the trunk */
Libraries::add("Zend", array(
"prefix" => "Zend_",
"includePath" => true,
"bootstrap" => "Loader/Autoloader.php",
"loader" => array("Zend_Loader_Autoloader", "autoload"),
"transform" => function($class) { return str_replace("_", "/", $class) . ".php"; }
));
/* add the incubator */
Libraries::add("Zend_Incubator", array(
"prefix" => "Zend_",
"includePath" => '/htdocs/libraries/Zend/incubator/library',
"transform" => function($class) { return str_replace("_", "/", $class) . ".php"; }
));

120. namespace appcontrollers;
use Zend_Mail_Storage_Pop3;
class EmailController extends lithiumactionController {
public function index() {
$mail = new Zend_Mail_Storage_Pop3(array(
'host' => 'localhost', 'user' => 'test', 'password' => 'test'
));
return compact('mail');
}
}

121. This has been a presentation by:
Nate Abele (@nateabele)
Joël Perras (@jperras)
http://lithify.me
Sucks. But check it out anyway.