Main instruments used for Web UI test automation. Drivers: Selenium WebDriver, Sikuli X. Frameworks: PageFactory, TestNG. Other tools: Apache Ant, Jenkins CI.

1. Web UI Test Automation
by Artem Nagornyi
Drivers: Selenium WebDriver, Sikuli X
Frameworks: PageFactory, TestNG
Other tools: Apache Ant, Jenkins CI

2. What is Selenium WebDriver?
● Open-source, multi-platform, multi-browser
tool for browser automation
● Collection of bindings for multiple languages
(Java, C#, Python, Ruby, Perl, PHP)
● Can be used with different frameworks:
JUnit, NUnit, TestNG, unittest, RSpec, Test::
Unit, Bromine, Robot, and many others.
● Has the biggest and strongest community.
De facto standard in the world of Web UI test
automation

3. Locators
Selenium WebDriver finds elements in browser via DOM
using these locators:
● webdriver.findElement(By.id("logo"))
● webdriver.findElement(By.name("q"))
● webdriver.findElement(By.tagName("H1"))
● webdriver.findElements( By.className
("sponsor_logos"))
● webdriver.findElement( By.cssSelector("section.
roundbutton div#someid"))
● webdriver.findElement( By.xpath("//section
[@id='miniconfs']/a[2]"))
● webdriver.findElements(By.linkText("about"))
● webdriver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("canberra"))

4. Interactions With Page
Selenium WebDriver simulates all user
interactions with browser:
● webElement.click()
● webElement.sendKeys("type some text")
● webElement.submit()
Actions class -> Mouse events, Drag and Drop
Actions builder = new Actions(driver);
Action dragAndDrop = builder.clickAndHold(someElement)
.moveToElement(otherElement)
.release(otherElement)
.build();
dragAndDrop.perform();

5. There are many ways ...
To simulate right-click:
new Actions(driver).contextClick(element).perform();
Or you can use WebDriverBackedSelenium:
Selenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(webDriver,
"http://sample.com")
selenium.fireEvent("//tr[@id[contains(.,'Equipment')]]",
"blur");
To generate virtually any JS event use JavaScriptExecutor:
((JavascriptExecutor)driver).executeScript("document.
getElementById('element ID').blur()")

6. AJAX applications
When elements are loaded asynchronously,
Selenium can wait either unconditionally:
webdriver().manage().timeouts()
.implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
or conditionally:
Boolean expectedTextAppeared =
(new WebDriverWait(driver, 30))
.until(ExpectedConditions.
textToBePresentInElement(By.cssSelector
("div#projects div.value"), "expected
value"));

7. Testing Styles and Executing JS
Testing CSS properties:
● webElement.getCssValue("height")
● webElement.getCssValue("background-image")
JavaScript execution:
JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor)
driver;
js.executeScript("your_js_function();");

8. Frames and Alerts
TargetLocator target = webDriver.switchTo();
//Switching to a frame identified by its name
target.frame("name");
//Switching back to main content
target.defaultContent();
//Switching to alert
Alert alert = target.alert();
//Working with alert
alert.getText();
alert.accept();
alert.dismiss();
alert.sendKeys("text");

9. Browser Navigation
Navigation nav = webDriver.navigate();
//Emulating browser Back button
nav.back();
//Forward button
nav.forward();
//Open URL
nav.to("http://www.sut.com");

10. Migration from Selenium I (RC)
Selenium selenium =
new WebDriverBackedSelenium(webDriver, "http:
//sample.com")
selenium.open("http://sample.com/home");
selenium.click("id=follow_twitter");
selenium.waitForPageToLoad("10000");
WebDriver webDriver = ((WebDriverBackedSelenium)
selenium)
.getUnderlyingWebDriver();

11. PageFactory and Page Objects
● Each page is encapsulated in its own Page class where methods represent
page-specific actions and instance variables represent elements bound to
locators via annotations
● Behavior that is not page-specific is encapsulated in a Site class, and all
Page classes are derived from Site class
public class GoogleSearchPage extends GoogleSite {
@FindBy(id = "q")
private WebElement searchBox;
public GoogleResultsPage searchFor(String text) {
searchBox.sendKeys(text);
searchBox.submit();
return PageFactory.initElements(driver,
GoogleResultsPage.class);
}
}

12. Working with Regular Expressions
@FindBy(css = "a.mylink")
private WebElement mylink;
//This checks that the text of a link equals to "Yahoo"
assertEquals(mylink.getText(), "Yahoo");
//This checks that the text of a link contains "ho" substring
assertTrue(checkRegexp("ho", mylink.getText()));
===================Helpers.java===================
public static boolean checkRegexp(String regexp, String text)
{
Pattern p = Pattern.compile(regexp);
Matcher m = p.matcher(text);
return m.find();
}

13. Asynchronous Text Lookup
webdriver().manage().timeouts()
.implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
isTextPresent("sometext"); isTextNotPresent("othertext");
===================Helpers.java===================
public static void isTextPresent(String text) {
wd.findElement(By.xpath("//*[contains(.,""+text+"")]")); }
public static void isTextNotPresent(String text) {
boolean found = true;
try {
wd.findElement(By.xpath("//*[contains(.,""+text+"")]"));
} catch(Exception e) {
found = false;
} finally { assertFalse(found); } }

14. Working with Tables
@FindBy(css = "table#booktable")
private WebElement table;
//getting the handler to the rows of the table
List<WebElement> rows = table.findElements(By.tagName("tr"));
System.out.println("Table rows count: " + rows.size());
//print the value of each cell using the rows handler
int rown; int celln; rown = 0;
for(WebElement row: rows) {
rown ++;
List<WebElement> cells = row.findElements(By.tagName("td"));
celln = 0;
for(WebElement cell: cells) {
celln ++;
System.out.println("Row number: " + rown + ". Cell number: "
+ celln + ". Value: " + cell.getText());
} }

15. What is Sikuli X?
● Open-source, multi-platform visual
technology to automate graphical user
interfaces using images of objects on the
screen.
● Tests are developed in Jython or Java.
● Images of objects are captured in Sikuli IDE.
● You can import and use Java classes to
extend your framework.

16. Sikuli Java API Wrappers
//Wait for element on the screen
public static void elementWait (String elementImagePath, int
timeOut) throws Exception {
regionImagePath = image_folder + elementImagePath;
screen.exists(elementImagePath, timeOut);
}
//Click element on the screen
public static void elementWaitAndClick (String elementImagePath)
throws Exception {
regionImagePath = image_folder + elementImagePath;
screen.click(elementImagePath, 0);
}

17. Why Sikuli?
1. Automation of non-standard interfaces,
where more native UI automation is
impossible or will require much larger efforts.
2. Image comparison testing.
3. As a helper tool in scope of a larger test
automation framework.

18. What is TestNG?
TestNG is a testing framework inspired from JUnit and NUnit but
introducing some new functionalities that make it more powerful
and easier to use, such as:
● Annotations.
● Run your tests in arbitrarily big thread pools with various
policies available (all methods in their own thread, one thread
per test class, etc...).
● Flexible test configuration.
● Support for data-driven testing (with @DataProvider).
● Support for parameters.
● Powerful execution model (no more TestSuite).
● Supported by a variety of tools and plug-ins (Eclipse, IDEA,
Maven, etc...).

19. TestNG Code Example
@Test(groups = {"regression", "inprogress"})
public void testSearch() { // test implementation }
@Parameters({"browser"})
@BeforeMethod(alwaysRun = true)
public void startDriver(){
driver = new FirefoxDriver(); }
@AfterClass(alwaysRun = true)
public void stopDriver() {
driver.close(); }

20. Apache Ant
Apache Ant is a Java build and configuration
tool that we use for:
1. Compilation of Selenium WebDriver test
classes
2. Execution of tests
3. Passing parameters from command line to
test automation framework (used for
selective execution of test suite and test
case)

21. Jenkins Continuous Integration
Server
Jenkins is a popular open-source continuous
integration server that we use for:
1. Scheduled execution or on-demand
execution of Selenium WebDriver tests
2. Integration with source control repository
(SVN, GIT)
3. Shared online dashboard with test results
4. Keeping history of test results
5. Email notifications about failed builds

22. Online Resources
● http://seleniumhq.org/docs/03_webdriver.html -
Selenium WebDriver official page and tutorial
● http://selenium.googlecode.
com/svn/trunk/docs/api/java/index.html - Selenium
WebDriver API (Java bindings)
● http://code.google.com/p/selenium/wiki/PageFactory -
PageFactory
● http://testng.org/doc/documentation-main.html - TestNG
documentation
● http://sikuli.org/docx/ - Sikuli X Documentation
● http://ant.apache.org/manual/index.html - Apache Ant
documentation
● https://wiki.jenkins-ci.org/display/JENKINS/Use+Jenkins
- Jenkins Wiki

23. Questions