ILDM KERALA- NLRMP Revenue notes.

Training Course
NATIONAL LAND RECORDS
MODERNISATION PROGRAMME
NLRMP
tZiob `qtcJ B[p-nIhÂ¡-cW ]cn-]mSn
Study notes
INSTITUTTE OF LAND & DISASTER MANAGEMENT
P.T.P. NAGAR, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM
PHONE: 0471-2365559
e-mail: nlrmptrngildm@gmail.com

tZiob `qtcJ B[p-nIhÂ¡-cW ]cn-]mSn
DÅS- ¡w
{Ia--¼À A²ymbw t]Pv
1 s]m¶pw-hne S-]-Sn-IÄ 3
2 emâv dhyq nb-a-§-fnse
(1894 se FÂ.-G.-BIväv Hgn-sI)
kÀsÆ kw_-Ôn-bmb hIp-¸p-IÄ 5
3 tImSXn S-]-SnIÄ 13
4 sNbn³ kÀsÆ 16
5 Xotbm-U-sseäv kÀsÆ 25
6 tamtU¬ kÀsÆ 34
7 FÂ.-BÀ.Fw 38
8 hnhn-[-Xcw B[m-c-§Ä 41

Institute of Land and Disaster Management
Study material for Course on NLRMP 3
A²ymbw þ 1
s]m¶pwh- ne S]- S- nI- Ä
1. Asse³saâv kvsI¨v:
AÀ²-m-[n-Imcn PnÃm-If- -ISv À hgn Abb- v¨p-Xc- p¶ AÀ²-b- nÂ Bhi- ya- mb hnh-c§- Ä AS-§nb Asse³saâv kvsI¨v
Dtm
F¶v ]cntim[n-t¡--
Xm-Wv. CsÃ-¦nÂ Gsä-Sp-t¡`
qan-bpsS AXn-cp-IÄ ImWn¡p¶ Asse³saâv kvsI¨v AÀ²-
m-[n-Im-cn-tbmSv Bh-iy-s¸-tS-Xpw
hnhcw PnÃm If-IvS-sdbpw AÀ²-m-[n-Im-cn-bpsS taÂ A[n-Im-cn-tbbpw Adn-bn-t¡--
Xm-
Wv.
2. kwbpà ]cn-tim-[:
s]m¶pw-hne hnÚm-]w ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¡p-¶-Xn-p-ap¼v S-]-Sn-bv¡m-kv]-Z-amb `qan FÂ.-F.H bpw kwLhpw AÀ²-m-[n-
Imcn nÀt±-in¨ DtZym-K-Ø-p-ambn tNÀ¶v kwbpà ]cn-tim-[ S-¯-Ww. Asse³saâv kvsI¨nÂ n¶pw `qan-bnÂ ImWp¶
kwK-Xn-I-fnÂ Fs´-¦nepw hyXym-k-ap-s-
¦nÂ AXv icn-s¸-Sp-¯nbXn-p-tijw thWw hnÚm-]w ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¡m³. {]mY-anI
hnÚm-]--¯n-sm¸w Xs¶ kÀsÆ hnÚm-]-hpw ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. GsX-¦nepw kÀsÆ--¼-cp-IÄ hn«p-t]m-
Ip-¶-Xp-aqew Xncp-¯Â hnÚm-]w ÂIp-¶Xv Hgp-hm-¡m-mbn B {][mkÀsÆ ¼À apgp-h-mtbm AsÃ-¦nÂ
Asse³saânÂ tNÀ¶v ht¶¡mw F¶v kwib- n-¡p¶ GsX-¦nepw kÀsÆ ¼cpw IqSn tNÀ¯v {]mYa- nI hnÚm-]w ÂIp-
¶-XnÂ kmt¦-Xn-I-ambn sXän-Ã. F¶mÂ kwbpà ]cn-tim-[m ka-b-¯p-Xs¶ kÀsÆ-bÀ AXnÂ ]s¦-Sp-¡p-Ibpw dn¡mÀUp-
IÄ h¨v `qan ]cn-tim-[n¨v Bh-iy-amb kÀsÆ ¼-cp-IÄ am{Xw hnÚm-]--¯nÂ DÄs¸-Sp-¯p-¶-XmWv Hcp kÀsÆ-b-dpsS
HutZym-KnI HuNn-Xyw.
kwbpà ]cn-tim-[-m-th-f-bnÂ kÀsÆ-bÀ Xmsg-¸-d-bp¶ Imcy-§Ä {i²n-¨n-cn-¡-Ww.
1. mfXp kÀsÆ dn¡mÀUp-IÄ {]Imcw DÅ F^v.-Fw. kvsI¨p-IÄ {]Im-c-apÅ kÀsÆ ^oÂUp-Ifpw ¼-cp-Ifpw
Asse³saâv kvsI¨nse tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯-ep-I-fp-ambn tbmPn-¡p-¶ptm
?
2. Asse³saâv IÃp-IÄ {]Imcw Gsä-Sp-t¡FÃm
kÀsÆ ¼-cp-Ifpw k_v ¼-cp-Ifpw dnIzn-kn-j-nÂ hyà-ambn
tNÀ¯n-«ptm
?
3. ]n¶oSv FÂ.F kÀsÆ S-¯p-¶-Xn-m-h-iy-amb FÃm hnh-c-§fpw AÀ°-m-[n-Imcn e`y-am-¡n-bn-«ptm?
Cu ]cn-tim-[--bnÂ _Ô-s¸« hntÃPv -AknÌâv, hmeyp.- AknÌâv, kÀsÆ-bÀ, Xl-knÂZmÀ F¶n-hsc IqSmsX Hcp
sNbn³ampw lmP-cp-m-
I-Ww. Asse³saâ n-I-¯pÅ Na-b-§-fpsS Hcp ]«nI X¿m-dm-¡n-s¡m-Åm-pÅ hn.A bpw (Cu
L«w apXÂ Xs¶ `qhp-S-a-bp-sSbpw XÂ]-c-I-£n-I-fp-sSbpw kl-I-cWw tSm³ FÂ.G bqWn-änse FÃm-hcpw) {i²n-¨p-sIm-Å-
Ww,
{]mY-anI hnÚm-]w ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¡p-¶-Xn-mbn Øe-¯p-n¶pw ne-hnÂ `qan ne-tam, ]pc-bn-Stam tXm«-tam, dn¡mÀUp-IÄ{]-
Imcw F´v F¶o hnh-c-§fpw tiJ-cn-¡-Ww.
4(1) hnÚm-]w
FÂ.F BIvänse 4(1) hIp¸p hnÚm-]-hpw kÀsÆ BIvänse 6-þmw hIp¸p ]c-kyhpw shtÆ-sd-bm-sW-¦nepw H¶n-¨p-
Xs¶ ]c-ky-s¸-Sp-¯m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. kÀsÆ ]c-ky-¯nse ]«n-I-bnÂ s]m¶pw-hne dokÀsÆ-s¡-Sp-¡p¶ `qan-I-fpsS kÀsÆ ¼À
am{Xw ImWn-¨mÂ aXn-bmIpw F¶mÂ 4(1) hnÚm-]--¯nÂ Hmtcm kÀsÆ/k_v Unhn-j³ ¼-cn-sâbpw IqsS Gsä-Sp-¡m-p-t±-
in-¡p-¶ hnkvXoÀ®w IqSn ImWn¨ncn-¡-Ww. GsX-¦nepw kÀsÆ ¼À/k_v ¼À hn«p-t]m-bn-F¶p kÀsÆ ka-b¯p
Is-
¯n-bmÂ B ¼-cn-sbpw hnkvXoÀ®-s¯bpw kw_-Ôn¨ s]m¶p-hne S-]Sn Bcw`n-¡-W-sa-¦nÂ AXn-mbn {]tXyIw
hnÚm-]-hpw kÀsÆ ]c-kyhpw ]pXp-Xmbn sNt¿-n-
hcpw F-¶-Xn-mÂ kwbpà ]cn-tim-[m ka-b-¯p-Xs¶ C¡mcyw
th{
X {i²n-¨p-sIm-Å-Ww.

kÀsÆ-¡p-ap-¼pÅ dn¡mÀUp-ti-J-cWw
Cu tPmen kwbpà ]cn-tim-[-¡p ap¼p-Xs¶ ]qÀ¯n-bm-¡p-¶Xp Bh-iy-am-Wv. _n.-Sn.-BÀ, X-
t¸-cp-]-IÀ¸v, F^v.-
Fw. kvsI¨p-IÄ nÀ±njvS `qan-Isf kw_-Ôn¨v ]pd-t¼m¡v cPn-Ì-dp-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-¨-Xnsâ dnt¸mÀ«v, `qan-]-Xnhv/ap³ s]m¶pw-hne
S-]Sn hnh-cw(-D-s-
¦nÂ), Sn `qan kw_-Ôn¨v tImS-Xn-t¡-kp-IÄ, an¨-`qan tIkp-IÄ/Pmayw, ]Wbw apX-em-bh Dtm
F¶pw tm¡-Ww. F¶p-hsc/Bcv `qn-IpXn HSp-¡n-bn-«pv
F¶pw ]cn-tim-[n-¡-Ww.
s]m¶pw-hne kÀsÆ S-]Sn
Hcp `qan-bnÂ kÀsÆ S-]-Sn-¡mbn {]th-in-¡p-¶-Xn-p-ap¼v _Ô-s¸-«-hÀ¡v N«-{]-Im-c-apÅ tm«okv ÂIn-bn-cn-¡-
Ww. s]m¶pw-hne S-]-Sn-bnÂ n¶pw Hgn-hm-¡-W-sa¶ `qhp-SabpsS At]-£tbm AÀ°-m-[n-Im-cn-bpsS D]tZitam FÂ.F
kÀsÆ-bÀ tcn«v ]cn-K-Wn-t¡--
Xn-Ã. A¯cw kwK-Xn-I-fnÂ PnÃm IfIvSsd tcJm-aqew kao-]n-¡m³ D]-tZ-in-¡p-I-bmWv DNn-
Xw. FÂ.F k_v Unhn-j³ tcJ-IÄ X¿m-dm-¡p-t¼mÄ AXnÂ Na-b-§sf¸än N«-{]-Im-c-apÅ tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯-ep-IÄ DÄs¸-Sp-¯-
Ww. jvS-]-cn-lmcw nÀ®-bn-¡p-¶-Xnpw FÂ.-F.-BÀ. tIkp-I-fpsS S-¯n-¸npw CXv {]tbm-P--s¸-Spw. k_v Unhn-j³
kvsI¨p-I-fp-sSbpw 7þmw ¼À ^md-¯n-epÅ tÌävsaâ n-sâbpw aq¶v {]Xn X¿m-dm¡n FÂ.-F.H bpsS ]cn-K-Wbv¡v ÂI-Ww.
Hmtcm k_v Unhn-jpw kÀsÆ-bdpw FÂ.-F.H bpw H¶n¨v ]cn-tim-[n¨v t_m[y-s¸-«-Xn-p-tijw thWw FÂ.-F.H k_v Unhn-j
³ Ap-h-Zn-t¡--
Xv. Cu hI kwK-Xn-IÄ AwKo-I-cn¨v H¸v hbv¡p-t¼mÄ AhÀ FÃmhcpw t]cv, Øm-t¸-cv, XobXn F¶nhIqSn
tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
PnÃm kÀsÆ kq{]v
kmt¦-XnI ]cn-tim-[ ]qÀ¯n-bm¡n DÄs¸« FÃm kÀsÆ/k_v Unhn-j-p-Ifpw Ah-bpsS
hnkvXr-Xnbpw AwKo-I-cn¨v 2 ]IÀ¸v FÂ.-F.H bv¡v aS¡n ÂI-Ww. AtXm-sSm¸w Xsâ B^o-knse F^v.-Fw.-_n, Gcnb
cPn-ÌÀ F¶n-h-bnÂ thamä-
§Ä hcp¯n kq£n-¡p-Ibpw thWw. A{]-Imcw s]m¶pw-hne dokÀsÆ dnt¡mÀUp-IÄ AwKo-
I-cn¨v In«n-¡-gn-ªmÂ FÂ.F N«w Bdv {]Im-c-apÅ {]Jym-]--¯nsâ IcSv FÂ.-F.H X¿m-dm-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv.
4(1) hIp-¸p-{]-Im-c-apÅ hnÚm-]w kÀ¡mÀ Kk-änepw Øe¯v {]Nm-c-ap-Å cv
Zn-]-{X-§-fnepw (A-XnÂ Hs¶-¦nepw {]mtZ-inI
`mj-bn-em-bn-cn-¡-Ww) {]kn-²o-I-cn-¡-Ww. IqSmsX B hnÚm-]--¯nsâ kmcw B {]tZ-i¯v kuI-cy-{]-Z-amb {]tZ-i¯v
]c-kys- ¸-Sp¯- p-Ibpw thWw. A¯cw {]kn²- o-I-c-W-¯ns- âtbm ]ck- y-¯ns- âtbm XobX- n-I-fnse Ah-km- s¯XmWv 4(1) hnÚm-
] Xob-Xn. AXn-p-tijw am{Xta FÂ.F DtZym-K-Ø³amÀ A¯cw kzIm-cy-`q-an-bnÂ {]th-in¨v kÀtÆ S-]-Sn-I-fnÂ GÀs¸-
Sp-¶Xv nb-a-{]-Im-c-am-Iq. F¶n-cp-¶mepw Ggp Znhkw aps¼-¦nepw Adn-bn¸v ÂImsX bmsXm-cmfpw GsX-¦nepw ho«n-p-Åntem
sI«n-b-S¨ A¦-W-¯ntem hoSnt- mSv tNÀ¶ tXm«¯- ntem (DS- a- b- psS k½X- a- nÃ- ms- X) {]thi- n¡- m³ ]mSnÃ- .
4(1) hnÚm-]--Xo-b-Xn-ap-XÂ Hcp hÀj-¯n-Iw kÀsÆ S-]-Sn-IÄ ]qÀ¯n-bm¡n FÂ,.F {]Jym-]w ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¨n-cn-¡-Ww.
CsÃ-¦nÂ AXp-hsc sNbvX S-]-Sn-I-sfÃmw Imem-l-c-W-s¸-Sp-¶-Xm-Wv.-
IcSv {]Jym-]--¯nsâ IqsS aäv dnt¡mÀUp-I-tfm-sSm¸w
hkvXp-hnsâ kvsI¨v
s]m¶pw-hne `qan-bpsS skänÂsaâv /AS-¦Â / emâv SmIvkv cPn-ÌÀ FIvkv{SmIvSv
k_vUn-hn-j³ tÌävsaâv
do I¬kn-te-j³ tÌävsaâv F¶nhIqSn kaÀ¸n-¡-Ww.
kw-Øm--¯nsâ Bh-iy-§Ä¡pÅ FÂ.F {]Jym-]w emâv dhyq I½o-j-W-td-änÂ n¶pw I¼-n-IÄ, tI{μ kÀ¡mÀ Øm]-
-§Ä F¶n-h-bv¡p-Åh kwØm kÀ¡m-cnÂ n¶p-am-Wv ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-t¡--
Xv. {]Jym-]w kÀ¡mÀ Kkänepw s]m¶pw-hn-e-bv¡
m-kv]-Z-amb Øe¯v {]Nm-c-¯n-epÅ cv
Zn-]-{X-§-fnepw (A-h-bn-sem¶v {]mtZ-inI `mj-bn-em-bn-cn-¡Ww) {]kn²s¸Sp-¯-
Ww. IqSmsX {]Jym-]--¯nsâ kmcw Øes¯ {][m tI{μ-§-fnÂ ]c-ky-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw thWw.
B {]kn-²-s¸-Sp-¯-en-sâtbm ]c-ky-s¸-Sp-¯-en-sâtbm Ah-km--Xo-b-Xn-bmWv {]Jym-] Xob-Xn-bmbn ]n¶oSv ]cm-aÀin-¡p-¶-
Xv. {]Jym-]--¯nÂ s]m¶pw-hn-e-bv¡m-kv]-Z-amb `qan kw_-Ôn¨ PnÃ, Xmeq-¡v, hntÃ-Pv, `qan Gsä-Sp-¡-ensâ Dt±-iw, GI-tZi
hnkvXoÀ®w, Øe-¯nsâ ¹m³ GXv Hm^o-knÂ ]cn-tim-[-bv¡v e`y-amWv F¶o hnh-c-§Ä ]d-ªn-cn-¡pw.
hnÚm-]-tam {]Jym-]-tam AwKo-I-cn-¡p¶ A[n-Imcn Xs¶-bmWv AXnv t`Z-K-Xntbm d±m-¡tem sN¿m-pÅ nivNnX A[n-
Imcn ( dqÄ 17)

ASn-b-´-c-ambn `qan Gsä-Sp¯v ÂtIkml-
N-cy-§-fnÂ 17-þmw hIp¸v {]Imcw km[m-cW coXn-bnÂ AhmÀUv ]mkm-
¡nb tijhpw `qan AXnsâ DS-a-bnÂ n¶pw Gsä-Sp-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. GXv hn[-¯n-em-bmepw `qan Gsä-Sp-¡p¶ L«-¯nÂ kÀsÆ-b-
dpsS kmn²yw Dm-
bn-cn-¡m³ FÂ.-F.H {i²n-¡p-¶Xv Gsd Ã-Xm-Wv. Gsä-Sp-¡Â tPmen-bnÂ `qan nÀ±njvS Na-b§tfmsS
ncp-]m-[nIw hn«p-X-¶-Xmbn cv
]IÀ¸p-I-fnÂ `qD-S-a-bpsS / DS-a-I-fpsS H¸pw, Xob-Xn-bpw, t]cpw klnXw hmt§--
Xm-Wv.
AhnsSh¨v Xs¶ AXnÂ nÂ]p Na-b-§Ä AÀ°-m-[n-Im-cn-bpsS nÀ±njvS {]Xn-n-[nsb t_m[y-s¸-Sp¯n Hmtcm t¹m«n-sâbpw
kvsI¨nsâ Hcp ]IÀ¸pw Gsä-Sp-¡Â tcJ-bpsS Cc-«n-¸p-I-fnÂ H¶pw Snbm-p-ÂIn asä tIm¸n-bnÂ CXnÂ ]d-bp
¶ Na-b-§fpw Cu hkvXp-hnsâ F^v.Fw kvsI¨v {]Im-c-apÅ AXn-cp-Ifpw t_m²y-s¸«v Cu tcJ-bp-sSbpw F^v.-Fw.
kvsI¨nsâ Hcp ]IÀ¸pw klnXw AÀ°-m-[n-Im-cn-bv¡p-thn
FÂ.-F.-H-.bnÂ n¶pw Gäp-hm-§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p”. F¶v (H¸pw
t]cpw, Hut±m-KnI Øm-t¸cpw, Xob-Xnbpw tNÀ¯v) km£y-s¸-Sp¯n hmt§-Xpw
^benÂ Ønc-ambn kq£n-t¡--
Xp-am-Wv.
`qan Gsä-Sp-¯m-ep-S³ 14-þmw ¼À ^md-¯n-epÅ Adn-bn¸v _Ô-s¸« k_v cPn-ÌmÀ¡v ÂIn ssI¸än ckoXv hm§-Ww.
`qan Gsä-Sp¯v AÀ°-m-[n-Im-cnbv¡v ssIam-dn-¡-gn-ªmÂ
AhmÀUnsâ ]IÀ¸pw
AXnÂ DÄs¸« F^v.-Fw. kvsI¨nsâ ]IÀ¸pw
k_vUn-hn-j³ tÌävsaâ nsâ ]IÀ¸pw tNÀ¯v
FÂ.F H _Ô-s¸« Xmeq¡v Xl-koÂZmÀ¡v emâv dnt¡mÀUp-I-fnÂ Bh-iy-amb amä-§Ä hcp-¯p-¶-Xn-mbn Ab-¨p-sIm-Sp-t¡-
Xpw
Xmeq¡v, FÂ.-BÀ.-Fw. hn`m-K-¯npw _Ô-s¸« hntÃ-tPm-^okv dnt¡mÀUp-I-fnepw Bh-iy-amb amä-§Ä / tcJ-s¸-
Sp-¯-ep-IÄ hcp-¯n-b-tijw Bb-Xnsâ km£y-]{Xw Xl-koÂZmÀ FÂ.-F.-H.bv¡v Ab¨v sImSp-t¡-Xpw
AXv FÂ.F. ^b-enÂ
Ønc-ambn kq£n-t¡--
Xp-am-Wv. IqSp-XÂ hnh-c-§Ä `qtc-Jm-]-cn-]m-ew F¶ A²ym-b-¯nÂ ImWp-I.
A²ymbw þ 2
emâ v dhyq nba- §- f- nse (1894 se FÂ.G- .B- Iäv v Hgns- I)
kÀsÆ kw_Ô- nb- mb hIp¸- pI- Ä
Kerala Govt. Land Assignment Act, 1960
• kÀ¡mÀ `qan ]Xn¨p ÂIp¶XnpÅ nbaw
• ]Xn¨p ÂIm³ Dt±i- n¡- p¶ kÀ¡mÀ `qan {]tXyIw kÀsÆ sNbvXv Demarcation sN¿Ww
• Hmtcm Holdings Dw Af¶v Xn«-s¸-Sp¯n kvsI¨v X¿m-dm-¡n-b-Xnv tij-amWv ]Xnhv S-]Sn Bcw-`n-t¡-Xv
• hn.H X¿m-dm-¡p¶ kvsI¨v semt¡-j³ kvsI¨v am{X-amWv
• AXv Xmeq¡v kÀth-bÀ apJm-´ncw ]cn-tim-[n¨v {]tXyIw kvsI¨v X¿m-dm¡nbXnv tij-amWv ]«b S-]-Sn-IÄ Bcw-`n-t¡
Xv
• tem¡Â AtXm-cn-änbvt¡m s]mXp Bh-iy-¯ntm {]tXyIw Survey and demarcation S¯n amän CtS--
Xm-Wv.
1964 se Kerala Land Assignment Rules ]©m-b¯v {]tZ-is¯ `qan-]-Xn-hn-s-¸än ]d-bp-¶p.
Irjn Bh-iy-¯n-pw, hoSv hbv¡p-¶-Xnpw, ]«-b-`q-an-bpsS Beneficial enjoyment pw kÀ¡mÀ `qan ]Xn¨v ÂIp-¶p.
Beneficial enjoyment v ]Xnhv S]- -Sn-IÄ kzoIc- n¡- p¶- X- nv kÀ¡mÀ `qanb- pw ]«-b-`q-anbpw {]tXyIw Survey and demarcation
S¯n kvsI¨v X¿m-dm-t¡--
Xp-v.
CXnv Xmeq¡v kÀth-b-dpsS Bhiyw Dv.
Irjnbv¡v ka-X-e-{]-tZ-i-§-fnÂ 50 skâpw ae-{¼tZ-i-§fnÂ -Hcp G¡-dnepw IqSp-XÂ ]Xn¨p ÂIm³ ]mSn-Ã. hoSp-h-bv¡p-
¶-Xn-pw Beneficial enjoyment pw 15 skâ nÂ IqSp-XÂ ÂIm³ ]mSn-Ã.
Survey and demarcation S¯nb Gcn-b-bmWv ]«-b-¯nÂ tcJ-s¸-Sp-t¯--
sX¶v Rule 9 {]tXyIw Ap-im-kn-¡p¶p.
Rule 9 {]Imcw Survey and demarcation charges Assignee AS-¡-Ww.
dokÀsÆ Ignª hntÃ-Pp-I-fnÂ ]Xnhv kw_-Ôn¨v k_vUn-hn-j³ kvsI¨v Bh-iy-amWv

Assk³saân- pt- hn
ksv I¨ v X¿md- m¡- pt- ¼mÄ ]»nI v tdmU vhnIk- - ¯- n v 3 aoäÀ amän CSWw
]Xnh v S]- S- n-IÄ¡mbn dqÄ 11 {]Imcw enÌv X¿md- m¡n AwKo-I-cn¡- W- w. kÀsÆb- ÀamÀ ]Xnh- nv kvsI¨v X¿m-dm¡- p-t¼mÄ hkvXp
]Xnhv enÌnÂs¸«XmsW¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯-Ww.
dqÄ 12(1) {]Imcw Xl-koÂZmÀ 15 Znh-ks¯ tm«okv Xmeq-¡m-^o-knepw hntÃPv Hm^o-knepw, _Ô-s¸« Xt±i kzbw `cW
Øm]--¯nepw ]c-ky-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p.
]cm-Xn-IÄ CsÃ-¦nÂ Xmeq¡v em³Uv Assk³saâv I½-än-I-fnÂh¨v AwKo-I-cn¨v Xl-koÂZmÀ ]«bw ÂIp-¶p.
apnk- n¸- Â tImÀ¸t- dj- ³ Gcnb- I- f- nÂ ]Xnh vS]- Sn kzoIc- n¡- p¶- X- n v 1995 se Assignment of Land within Municipal and
Corporation Areas Rules {]Imc- a- mW- .v
Maximum 10 cent in Municipal area, 5 cent in Corporation area
Subdivision sketch IÄ taÂ ]dª Gcn-bbv¡v am{Xta X¿m-dm-¡m³ ]mSp-Åq.
7(1) tm«okv {]kn-²o-I-cn¨v apn-kn-¸Â / tImÀ¸td--j³ em³Uv Assk³saâv I½n-än-bnÂ h¨v AwKo-I-cn¨v PnÃm-I-f-IvSÀ
]«bw ÂIp-¶p.
dqÄ 16 Â Assk³ sNt¿`
qan Survey and demarcation S¯Wsa¶v {]tXyIw Api- mk- n¡- p¶- p. Survey and demarcation
charges Assignee AS-bv¡-Ww.
Assignment order epw ]«-b-¯nepw Assign sN¿p¶ `qansb kw_-Ôn¨ hnh-c-§Ä tNÀ¡p-¶Xv Survey and demarcation
sketch s ASnØ- m--am¡- n-bmWv F¶X v {]tXyIw {it²b- a- m-Wv. ]«bw sImSp¯- t- ijw dokÀsÆ kq{]v
AwKoI- c- n¨ Survey
and demarcation sketch s ASn-Øm--am¡n hntÃPv dn¡mÀUp-I-fnÂ amäw hcp-¯p-¶p.
Land Assignment kw_-Ôn¨v Xmsg-¸-d-bp¶ dqÄkv Ap-k-cn¨v ]«-b-§Ä ÂIp¶Xnpw kÀsÆ k_vUn-hn-j³ kvsI¨v
Bh-iy-am-Wv.
(a)The Kerala Land Assignment (Regularisation of occupations of Forest Land prior to 1-1-97) Special Rules
1993.
(1) dhyq Un¸mÀ«p-saâpw hw-h-Ip¸pw Hcp kwbpà ]cn-tim-[ S-¯n-bmWv ]Xnhv S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.
(2) Hmtcm-cp-¯-cp-tSbpw ssIhiw Af¶vXn«-s¸-Sp¯n Survey and demarcation Sketch X¿mdm-¡n-bmWv ]«bw ÂIp-¶-Xn-
pÅ S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.
(3) ]c-am-h[n 4 G¡À Øe¯nv am{Xta Assignee bv¡v Ah-Im-i-apÅq.
(4) AXnÂ IqSp-X-epÅ Øew kÀ¡mÀ Gsä-Sp-¡p-¶p.
(5) ]«bw ÂIp¶ Øehpw kÀ¡mÀ Gsä-Sp-¡p¶ Øehpw {]tXyIw kvsI¨v tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯-Ww. XpSÀ¶v Survey
Superintendent Sketch & Subdivision Statement Dw AwKo-I-cn¨v dnt¡mÀUnÂ amäw hcp-¯Ww
(6) 1961 se Kerala Survey and Boundaries Act {]Imcw kÀsÆ S¯n X¿m-dm-¡nb kvsI¨v BWv ]«bw ÂIp-¶-Xnv
thn
]c-ky-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xv.
(7) {]kvXpX kvsI¨v {]Im-c-amWv Xl-koÂZmÀ ]«bw ÂIp-¶-Xv.
(b) The Arable Forest Land Assignment Rules, 1970
(1) kÀ¡m-cnsâ {]tXyI D¯-chv {]Imcw t^mdÌv Un¸mÀ«vsaâ nÂ n¶pw dhyq Un¸mÀ«vsaâ n-tebv¡v Cu nb-a-{]-Imcw
]Xn-hn-mbn hkvXp amäp-¶p.
(2) ]c-am-h[n 2 G¡-dmWv ]Xn¨v ÂIp-¶-Xv.
(3) kÀsÆ S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn¨v `qan-bpsS hnkvXrXnbpw semt¡-jpw Xn«-s¸-Sp-¯n-btijw BWv Assignable list X¿m-dm¡
n {]kn-²o-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.
(4) At]-£-IÀ¡v ÂIp¶ `qan-bpsS Survey and demarcation hnh-c-§Ä ]Xnhv D¯-c-hnepw,, ]-«-b-¯nepw tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-
¶-Xn-mÂ IrXy-amb kÀsÆ k_vUn-hn-j³ Bh-iy-amWv.
(c) Rules Assignment of Govt. Land for Industrial purposes 1964

(1) hymh-km-bnI Bh-iy-¯nv `qan ]Xn¨v In«p-¶-Xnv hyh-kmb hIp¸v Ub-d-IvSÀ¡v At]£ ÂIp-¶p.
(2) Ub-d-IvSÀ Atz-jWw S¯n ip]mÀi klnXw Kh¬saâ nv kaÀ¸n-¡p-¶p.
(3) ]Xn¨p ÂtI`
qan-bpsS hnkvXoÀ®w hyh-kmb hIp¸v Ub-d-IvS-dpsS ip]mÀi-{]-Imcw kÀ¡mÀ Xocp-am-n-¡p-¶p.
(4) At]-£-bnÂ kÀsÆ w, Gcnb- , AXnÀ¯nI- Ä F¶nh hyàa- mbn ÂtI-
X- p-v.
(5) CXv Xmeq¡v kÀtÆ-bÀ hni-Z-amb ]cn-tim-[ S¯n Survey and demarcation S¯n PnÃm kÀtÆ kq{]v
AwKo-I-cn¨
kvsI¨nsâ ASn-Øm--¯nÂ BWv Xl-koÂZmÀ ]«bw ÂIp-¶-Xv.
(6) ]Xnh v D¯chv kÀ¡mÀ ]pd-s¸S- ph- n¨v PnÃm IfI- vSÀ¡v Abb- v¡p-¶p. PnÃm IfI- vS-dpsS nÀt±i{]Im-c-amW vkÀth k_vUn-hn-
j³ S¯n Xl-koÂZmÀ ]«bw ÂIp-¶-Xv.
(d) Bhoodan Assignment Rules 1962
(1) `qan CÃm¯ ]mhs- ¸-«h- À¡ v `qan ]Xn¨- p- ÂIp-¶-Xnpthn
BNmcy hntm-_`msh Bcw`- n¨ {]Øm--amW v `qZm³ aqhvsa³dv
(2) Zm ]{Xw FgpXn kzta-[bm kÀ¡m-cnv `qan ÂImw
(3) Xl-koÂZmÀ {]kvXpX Øew kÀsÆ & k_vUn-hn-j³ sNbvXv BWv Zmw kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.
(4) kÀsÆ k_vUn-hn-j³ ka-b¯v {]kvXpX Øew ]pd-t¼m-¡nÂ DÄs¸-«-X-sÃ¶v kÀthbÀ Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯-Ww.
(5) Bhoodan Committee / Land Assignment Committee BWv KpW-t`m-àm-¡-fpsS enÌv AwKo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.
(6) Xl-koÂZmÀ ÂIp¶ ]«-b-{]-Imcw hn.-H, dhyq dn¡mÀUp-I-fnÂ amäw hcp-¯p-¶p. kÀsÆ kq{]v
AwKo-I-cn¨ kvsI¨pw
k_vUn-hn-j³ tÌävsaâpw {]Im-c-amWv dn¡mÀUp-I-fnÂ amäw hcp-¯p-¶-Xv.
(e) Kandukrishi Land Assignment Rules, 1958
(1)Irjn Bh-iy¯- nv Ip-
Irjn hnfw-_-c-{]I- mcw Gsä-Sp¯ Øea- mW v Ip
Irjn `qan
(2)ssIh-i-¡m-cv nb-a-{]-Imcw tIm¼³tk-j³ hm§n ]Xn¨v ÂIp-¶p.
(3)]-Xnhv S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xnv ap³]mbn dn¡mÀUp-{]-Imcw DÅ Ip-
Irjn Øew kÀsÆ S¯n Xn«-s¸-Sp¯n kvsI¨v
X¿m-dm-¡p-¶p.
(4)Hmtcm ssIhi- ¯- npw {]tXyIw k_vUnh- nj- ³ kvsI¨v X¿md- m¡- nb- mWv ]Xnhv D¯c- hv ]pds- ¸S- ph- n¡- p¶- X- v.
(f) tXbn-e, Im¸n, d_À, Gew F¶nh Irjn-sN-¿p¶ Bh-iy-¯n-te¡v ]Xnhv S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xnv {]tXyIw N«-§Ä cq]o-
I-cn-¨n-«p-v.
Sn N«-§-fpsS S-¯n-¸npw kÀsÆ kw_-Ô-amb S-]-Sn-{I-a-§Ä Bh-iy-amWv.
(g) Kerala Land Conservancy Act, 1957 £
Rule, 1957
(1) kÀ¡mÀ Øew A-[n-Ir-X-ambn ssIt¿-dp-¶Xv XS-bp-¶-Xnv thn
cq]o-I-cn-¨n-«pÅ nb-a-am-Wn-Xv.
(2) 2009 se tIcf em³Uv I¬kÀh³kn Aa³Uvsaâv BIväv {]Im-cw, kÀ¡mÀ hI `qan ssIt¿-ä-¯nv IqSp-XÂ in£
GÀs¸-Sp-¯n.
(a) kÀ¡mÀ `qan ssIt¿-ä-¡m-cv 3 hÀjw apXÂ 5 hÀjw hsc XShpw 50000/-þ cq]m-ap-XÂ 2 e£w hsc ]ngbpw in£
e`n-¡mw.
(b) hymP-tc-J-IÄ X¿m-dm¡n kÀ¡mÀ `qan ssIamäw S-¯p-Itbm DS-a-Øm-h-Imiw Øm]n-¡m³ hymP-tc-J-IÄ X¿m-dm-
¡p-Itbm sNbvXmÂ 5 hÀjw apÂ 7 hÀjw hsc XShpw 50,000/þ apXÂ 2 e£w hsc ]ngbpw in£e`n-¡mw.
(c) A-[n-Ir-X- `qan ssIt¿äw dnt¸mÀ«p sN¿p-Itbm Hgn-¸n-¡p-Itbm sN¿m³ Npa-X-e-s¸« DtZym-K-Ø³ AXv sN¿p¶XnÂ
hogvN hcp-¯n-bmÂ 3 hÀjw apXÂ 5 hÀjw hsc XShpw 50,000/þ cq]m-ap-XÂ 2 e£w hsc ]ngbpw in£ e`n-¡mw.
(d) kÀ¡mÀ `qanb- nÂ A[- nI- rX nÀ½mWw S¯- nb- mÂ Hcp hÀjw apXÂ cv
hÀjw hsc XShpw 10,000/þcq] apXÂ
25,000/þ ]qc hsc ]ngbpw in£ e`n¡- mw.
taÂ tNÀ¯ in£m S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xnv kÀ¡mÀ hI Øew ssIt¿-dnbXv ImWn-¡p¶ hyà-amb kvsI¨v
Bh-iy-am-Wv.

ssIt¿-dnb kÀsÆ ¼-cnÂs¸« BsI ]pd-t¼m-¡n-tâbpw ssIt¿-dn-b-Xn-tâbpw kvsI¨v X¿m-dm¡n Xn«-s¸-Sp¯nbti-j-
amWv nb-a-{]-Imcw Hgn-¸n-¡Â prosecution DÄs¸sS-bp-Å XpSÀ S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-t¡--
Xv.
(h) Kerala Land Development Act, 1964
Rule, 1977
(1) `qhnI-k--¯n-mbn {]tXyIw kvIoap-IÄ GÀs¸-Sp-¯p-¶-XnpÅ nbaw.
(2) ]mS-ti-J-c-I-½-än-IÄ Cu nb-a-{]-Imcw cq]o-I-cn-¡p-¶p.
(3) ]mS-ti-Jc I½-än-IÄ hnI-k--]-²-Xn-IÄ X¿m-dm-¡p-¶p.
(4) Hmtcm ]²-Xnbv¡pw Bh-iy-amb Øe-§Ä kÀth sNbvXv kvsI¨pIÄ X¿m-dm-t¡--
Xpv.
(5) AXnptija- mW v tm«n-^nt- ¡-j³ S¯n AwKoI- c- n¨v kvIoapI- Ä S¸- m-¡p¶- X- .v
(h) Kerala Land Relinquishment Act, 1958
Rule, 1958
(1) `qan kzta-[bm kÀ¡m-cn-te¡v hns«m-gn-bp-¶-Xnv thnbpÅ
nb-aw.
(2) `qan hns«m-gn-bp-¶-Xn-pÅ At]£ BÀ.-Un.H bv¡v ÂIp-¶p.
(3) {]kvXpX At]-£-bnÂ hn.H hgn Atz-jWw S-¯n-bmWv XpSÀ S-]Sn kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.
(4) dnt¸mÀ«n-sm¸w kvsI¨pw al-Êdpw X¿m-dm¡n kaÀ¸n-¡-Ww.
(5) hns«m-gn-bp¶ `qan ]pd-t¼m-¡-sÃ¶v Dd¸v hcp-¯p-¶-Xnv Xmeq¡v kÀth-bÀ apJm-´n-c-amWv kvsI¨v X¿m-dm-t¡--
Xv. Cu
kvsI¨pw k_vUn-hn-j³ tÌävsaâpw kÀsÆ kq{]v
AwKo-I-cn-¡-Ww.
(6) BÀ.-Un.-H, dnt¸mÀ«pw, kvsI¨pw al-Êdpw {]Imcw kn ^mdw tm«okv ]c-ky-s¸-Sp¯n ]cmXn H¶pw CsÃ¶v ImÂ
hns«m-gn-
bÂ AwKo-I-cn-¡p-¶p.
kÀsÆ kq{]-nsâ
AwKo-IrX kvsI¨v {]Imcw field mapÂ subdivision tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯Ww.
(7) BÀ.-Un.H bpsS D¯-chv {]Imcw hntÃPv X-
t¸-cnÂ Ipdhv hcp-¯-Ww. hns«m-gnª hkvXp ]pd-t¼m-¡nÂ IqSp-XÂ
Bbn tNÀ¡Ww.
i) Kerala Land Tax Act, 1961
Rule, 1972
(1) Basic Tax AYhm `qnI- pXn ]ncn¡- p¶- X- n v thnb-
mW v Cu nbaw S¸- m¡- nb- n«- pÅ- X- v.
(2) dokÀsh dn¡mÀUp-IÄ X¿m-dm-¡p-t¼mÄ Gähpw {][m--ambn X¿m-dm-¡p¶ cPn-ÌÀ BWv ASn-Øm `qn-IpXn cPn-ÌÀ
AYhm BTR.
(3) BTR Â hkvXp-hnv tsc `qn-IpXn F{X-sb¶v ImWn-¨n-cn-¡-Ww. ne-hn-epÅ nIpXn nc-¡p-IÄ Ap-k-cn-¨mWv BTR
X¿md- m-¡p¶- Xv.
Ct¸m-gs¯ `qn-IpXn nc-¡p-IÄ Xmsg sImSp-¡p-¶p.
tImÀ¸-td-j³
2 BÀ hsc 1 Bdnv cv
cq]
2 Adnv apI-fnÂ 1 Bdnv 4 cq]
ap³kn-¸m-enän
6 BÀ hsc 1 Bdnv 1 cq]
6 Bdnv apI-fnÂ 1 Bdnv 2 cq]
]©m-b¯v
20 BÀ hsc 1 Bdnv 50 ss]
20 Bdnv apI-fnÂ 1 Bdnv 1 cq]
j) Kerala Land Utilisation Order, 1967
(1) kwØm-s¯ ImÀjnI cwKw sa¨-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xnpw A-[n-Ir-X-ambn sÂh-b-ep-IÄ nI-¯p-¶Xv XS-bp-¶-Xnpw ]pd-s
¸-Sp-hn¨ Hcp D¯-c-hmWv KLU Order.
(2) Hcp nÝnX {]tZ-i¯v Hcp nÝnX hnf Irjn sN¿-W-sa¶v ImWn¨v kÀ¡m-cnv tm«n-^n-t¡-j³ ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¡mpw AX-
p-k-cn¨v FÃm `q DS-a-IÄ¡pw tm«okv ÂImpw Cu nbaw If-IvSÀ¡v A[n-Imcw ÂIp-¶p.
(3) Irjn `qan Xcn-imbn CSp-Itbm tm«okv {]Imcw Irjn sN¿m-Xn-cn-¡p-Itbm sNbvXmÂ Irjn sN¿m-pÅ Ah-Imiw teew
sNbvXv aq¶mw I£nsb GÂ¸n-¡m³ Cu nbaw If-IvSÀ / BÀ.-Un.H bv¡v A[n-Imcw ÂIp-¶p.

(4) F¶mÂ Sn nbaw ^e-{]-Z-a-sÃ¶v kÀ¡m-cnv t_m[ys¸-«-Xn-mepw h³tXm-XnÂ sÂh-b-ep-Ifpw X®oÀ¯-S-§fpw cq]m-
´-c-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xmbn kÀ¡m-cnsâ {i²-bnÂs¸«-Xn-mepw 2008 Â tIcf sÂh-bÂ X®oÀ¯S kwc-£W nb-ahpw
N«-§fpw kÀ¡mÀ GÀs¸-Sp-¯n.
(5) Kerala Conservation of Paddy Land and Wet Land Act & Rules 2008.
(6) Cu nb-a-¯nsâ 3þmw hIp¸v sÂh-bÂ ]cn-hÀ¯w sN¿p-¶Xpw 11-þmw hIp¸v X®oÀ¯-S-§Ä ]cn-hÀ¯w sN¿p-
¶Xpw hne-¡p-¶p.
(7) Cu nb¯- nsâ S¯- n-¸n- mbn Hcp Local Level Monitoring Committee bpw District Level Authorised Committee bpw State
Level Committee bpw cq]o-I-cn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.
(8) Local Level Monitoring Committee bnÂ Panchayat President(Chairman), Agricultural Officer, V.O, bpw F¶n-hÀ AwK-
§fpw BWv. IÀjI {]Xn-n-[n-I-tfbpw tman-täv sN¿p-¶p.
(9) hoSv hbv¡p-¶-Xnv hbÂ nI-¯m³ ip]mÀi ÂIp-¶p. (10 cents in Panchayat area 5 cents in Municipal / Corporation
area)
(10) A-[n-IrX hbÂ nI-¯Â BÀ.-Un.-Hbv¡v dnt¸mÀ«v sN¿pI F¶n-h-bmWv Cu I½-än-bpsS A[n-Im-c-§Ä.
(11) Cu I½-än-bpsS asämcp {][m--Np-a-Xe sÂh-b-ep-I-fp-tSbpw X®oÀX-S-§-fp-tSbpw Hcp Data Bank X¿m-dm-¡p-I-bm-Wv.
(12) CXn- mbn kÀsÆ hn`mK- ¯- nsâ tkhw Bhi- ya- mW- v. Satellite map Â kÀsh hnhc- §- Ä kq£vaX- t- bmsS tcJs- ¸S- pt- ¯-
X- p-
v.
Cu Data Bank ]ck- ys- ¸S- pt- ¯-
X- p-
v.
(13) PnÃm-Xe Authorised Committee bpsS sNbÀam³ BÀ.-Un.H bpw Principal Agricultural Officer Dw aäpw 3 IÀjI {]Xn-n-
[n-Ifpw CXnse AwK-§Ä BWv.
(14) kz´a- mbn Xmak- n¡- p¶- X- n vhoSp hb- v¡p¶- X- n vCu nba- {- ]I- mcw hbÂnI- ¯- m³ Aph- mZw ÂIpI- , A[- nI- rX- a- mbn sÂh-bÂ,
X®oÀ¯Sw F¶nh nI¯- p¶- X- nsXnsc S]- Sn kzoIc- n¡- pI F¶nh Cu I½ä- nb- psS A[nI- mc- a- mW- v.
(15) State Level Committee bnÂ Agri. production Commissioner Â I¬ho-dpw dhyp I½o-j-WÀ, ]cn-ØnXn taJ-e-bnse
Hcp hnZ-Kv²³, sÂIrjn taJe-bnse Hcp imkv{X-Ú³ F¶n-hÀ aäv AwK-§fpw BWv.
(16) s]mXp Bh-iy-¯n-mbn new nI-¯p-¶-Xn-pÅ Ap-hmZw ÂIp-¶Xv State Committee BWv.
(17) A-[n-Ir-X-ambn sÂh-btem X®oÀ¯-Stam ]cn-hÀ¯--s¸-Sp-¯p¶ GsXm-cmfpw 6 amkw apXÂ 2 hÀjw hsc XS-hn
pw 50,000/-þcq] apXÂ Hcp e£w hsc ]ngbpw ÂtIn
hcpw.
(18) 4þmw N«-{]-Imcw tUäm-_m¦v X¿m-dm-¡p-¶-Xnv kÀsh hn`m-K-¯nsâ tkhw An-hm-cy-am-Wv.
k) Kerala Revenue Recovery Act, 1968
Rules, 1968
(1) nIpXn C-¯ntem CXc C-§-fntem e`n-t¡--
XpI bYm-k-abw HSp-¡p-¶-XnÂ hogvN hcp-¯p-t¼m-gmWv BÀ.-BÀ S-
]Sn kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.
(2) Movable Property P]vXn sN¿p-¶-Xnv 7þmw hIp¸v {]Imcw Unamâv tm«okv ÂIp-¶p. DSs XpI AS-bv¡-Ww.
(3) Immovable Property P]vXn sN¿p-¶-Xnv 34-þmw hIp¸v {]Imcw Unamâv tm«okv ÂIp-¶p. XpI AS-bv¡p-¶-Xnv Ipd-ªXv
7 Znh-ks¯ kabw F¦nepw Ap-h-Zn¡- W- w.
(4) Immovable Property P]vXn sN¿p-¶-Xnv 36-þmw hIp¸v {]Imcw tm«okv hkvXp-hnepw ]Xn-¡-Ww.
(5) CXn-mbn Defaulter sS hkvXp- identify sN¿p-¶-Xnv P]vXn dn¡mÀUv X¿m-dm-¡p-¶-Xnpw kÀsÆ-b-dpsS Bhiyw Dm-
Ipw.
(6) IpSnÈ- nI- ¡- mc- sâ _nkn- Êv Aäm¨v sN¿p¶Xv 43þ- mw hIp¸v {]Imcw PnÃmI- f- I- vSd- mW- v.
(7) Immovable Property hnÂ¡p-¶-Xn-pÅ S-]Sn {Ia-§Ä 49þmw hIp¸nÂ ]d-bp-¶p.
(8) P]vXn sNbvX Immovable Property teew sN¿p-¶-Xnv ap³Iq«n XobXn nÝ-bn¨v ]c-ky-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-p. A{]-Imcw teew
S¯n IqSp-XÂ teew hnfn-¡p¶ Bfnsâ t]cnÂ teew Ønc-s¸-Sp¯n tee kÀ«n-^n-¡äv ÂIp-¶p.
(9) XpSÀ¶v hkvXp tee-¡m-csâ t]cnÂ {]amWw sNbvXv ÂIp-¶p. {]am-W-t¯m-sS¸w lmP-cm-t¡hkvXphnsâ
Demarcation
Skatch Surveyer X¿m-dm¡Ww.

(10)BÀ.- BÀ BIvänsâ sk£³ 50Â {]Imcw tee-¯nÂ ]s¦-Sp-¡m³ BÄ CsÃ-¦ntem teew sImXpI
Xosc Ipd-hm-sW-
¦ntem asämcp Xob-Xnbv¡v (60 Znh-k-¯n-Iw) teew amäWw.
(11)hopw
teew S-¯n-bn-sÃ-¦nÂ tÌäv Hmô-kÀ¡v Xs¶ Hcp cq] AS¨v kÀ¡m-cnv thn
teew ]nSnbv¡mw. AtXmsS
hkvXp kÀ¡m-cn-sâ-Xm-Ip-¶p. CXmWv Bought-in-Land.
(12)Bought-in-Land sâ hnhcw X-
t¸À BTRF¶n-h-bnÂ tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw Bought-in-Land v {]tXyIw cPn-ÌÀ kq£n-
¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.
Transfer of Registry Rules, 1966
(1) `qan-bnÂ taepÅ DS-a-Øm-h-Imiw amdp-¶-Xn--p-k-c-W-am-bn, `q DS-a-I-fpsS t]cnÂ nIpXn ]ncn-¡p-¶-Xn-mbn hntÃPv
tcJ-I-I-fnÂ Bh-iy-amb amäw hcp-¯p-¶-Xn-mWv t]m¡p-h-chv AYhm Pa-amäw F¶p-]-d-bp-¶-Xv.
(2) Pa-amäw Bh-iy-ambn hcp-¶Xv aq¶v kml-N-cy-§-fn-em-Wv.
(1) kza--Êm-se-bpÅ hkvXp ssIam-äw.
(2) tImSXn D¯-chv, dhyq teew F¶nh hgn-bpÅ nÀ_-ÔnX ssIam-äw.
(3) ]n´p-SÀ¨m-h-Im-iw.
(3) k_vUn-hn-j³ Bh-iy-an-Ãm¯ Pa-amäw hn.H bv¡v Ap-h-Zn-¡mw.
(4) t]m¡p-h-c-hnv Bkv]-Z-amb hkvXp-hnv k_vUn-hn-j³ Bh-iy-apÅ ]£w k_vUn-hn-j³ kvsI¨v / hntÃPv Akn-Ìâv /
kÀth-bÀ X¿m-dm-t¡-Xpw
AXv ‘F’^md-t¯msSm¸w h¨v Xl-koÂZmÀ¡v kaÀ¸n¨v AwKo-Imcw hmt§--
Xp-am-Wv.
(5) t]m¡phchv tIkv XoÀ¨ sNbvXp Ign-ªmÂ X-
t¸À A¡u-nÂ
hnhcw tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯-Ww.
(6) ]«b I£n ac-W-s¸-Sp-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ ]n´p-SÀ¨m-h-Imi t]m¡p-h-chv hgn hkvXp ac-W-s¸« I£n-bpsS ]n´p-SÀ¨m-h-Im-in-
I-fpsS t]cnÂ Iq«m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. CXnv 15 Znh-ks¯ tm«okv ]c-ky-s¸-Sp-¯-Ww.
t]m¡p-h-c-hn-mbn hkvXp identify sN¿p-¶-Xnpw Boundary IÄ CsÃ-¦nÂ AXv ^nIvkv sN¿p-¶-Xnpw k_vUn-hn-j
³ kvsI¨v X¿m-dm-¡p-¶-Xnpw kÀsÆ kw_Ôn¨ S-]Sn {Ia-§Ä thn-
h-cp-¶p.
(7) t]m¡p-h-chv nb-a-¯nse dqÄ 12, k_vUn-hn-js kw_-v[n¨v hyà-amb amÀ¤-nÀt±iw ÂIp-¶p.
XlkoÂZmÀ k_vUn-hn-j³ AS-§p¶ ‘A’ Form AwKo-I-cn-¨mepw kÀsh k_vUn-hn-j³ Ań-a-am-Ip-¶n-Ã. k_vUn-hn-j
³ kvsI¨p-Ifpw tÌävsaâpw kq£va ]cn-tim-[ S¯n kÀsÆ kq{]v
AwKo-I-cn-¡-Ww. CXn-mbn X¿m-dm-¡nb
kvsI¨ntâbpw k_vUn-hnj- ³ tÌävsaânt- âbpw 3 tIm¸n kÀsh kq{]-n
v Abb- v¡-Ww. kÀsh kq{]v
AwKo-I-cn¨ kvsI¨pw
k_vUn-hn-j³ tÌävsaâpw {]Imcw hn.H hntÃPv dnt¡mÀUp-I-fnÂ amäw hcp-¯-Ww. kÀsh ôÂUv_p¡nepw thamäw
hcp-
¯-Ww. Xmeq¡môknse kÀsh ôÂUv_p¡nepw th-
amäw hcp-¯-Ww.
Subdivision changes Hmtcm aq¶v amk-¯n-sem-cn-¡Â Xl-koÂZmÀ _Ô-s¸« Registering Officer s Adn-bn-t¡--
Xm-
Wv.
Kerala Tresure Trove Act, 1968 £
Rules 1971
(1) Treasure Trove means money, bullion, or other valuable found hidden in the earth
(2) n[n Ihnhcw
PnÃm-I-f-IvSsd Adn-bn-¡-Ww.
(3) DS-a-Øsâ hnlnXw nÀ®-bn-¡p-¶-Xnpw kÀ¡m-cnv thn
n[n Gsä-Sp-¡mpw DÅ A[n-Imcw PnÃm If-IvSÀ¡v Dv.
(4) n[n ImW-s¸« Øe-¯nsâ dnt¸mÀ«v , al-ÊÀ F¶nh X¿m-dm-¡p-¶-Xnv Npa-X-e-s¸-Sp-¯s¸« DtZym-K-Øv {]kvXpX
Øe-¯nsâ kvsI¨v kÀth-bÀ apJm-ńcw X¿m-dm-t¡-n-
h-cp-¶p.
Kerala Escheats and Forfeitures Act, 1964 £
Rule 1965
(1) Ah-Im-in-IÄ Bcpw CÃmsX acn¡p¶h-cpsS hkvXp-¡-fmWv Escheats F¶-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. CXv kÀ¡m-cnsâ DS-a-Ø-X-bnÂ
h¶p tNcp-¶p.
(2) Escheats s kw_-Ôn¨ hnhcw e`n-¨m-ep-S³ If-IvSÀ sk£³ 5 {]Imcw hnhcw Kk-änÂ {]kn-²o-I-cn-¡p-¶p.
(3)Ah-Im-in-IÄ Ds-
¦nÂ 6 amk-¯n-Iw sXfnhv klnXw Ah-Imiw D¶-bn-¡mw.

(4)Ah-Im-i-¯n³taÂ Atz-jWw S¯n If-IvSÀ XoÀ¸v IÂ¸n¡p-¶p.-
(5) XpSÀ¶v D¯-chv {]Imcw Øew If-IvSÀ Gsä-Sp-¡p-¶p.
(6) Gsä-Sp¯ {]kvXpX Øew Kerala Land Assignment Act, 1960 {]Imcw ]Xnhv S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xnv D]-tbm-Kn-¡mw.
(7)Øew Gsä-Sp-¡p-¶-Xnv thn
X¿m-dm-¡p¶ al-Ê-dn-sm¸w kÀth-bÀ X¿m-dm-¡nb kvsI¨pw Bh-iy-am-Wv. Cu kvsI¨nÂ
BWv ]Xnhv kab¯v k_vUn-hn-jpIÄ Dm-
t¡--
Xv. CXnv kÀth hnwKnsâ klmbw Bh-iyamWv-.
Kerala Service Inam Land (Vesting and Enfranchisement Act, 1981 £ Rules 1981
(1) {]tXyIw tkh--§Ä¡v ÂI-s¸« Øe-amWv Service Inam Land.
(2) Cu nb-aw aqew Service Inam Land IÄ kÀ¡m-cnÂ Vest sNbvXp. (Vesting)
(3) IqSmsX Land holders v {]kvXpX Øew ]Xn¨p In«p-¶-Xn-pÅ Ah-Imihpw e`n¨p (enfranchisement)
(4) ]Xnhv S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xnv kÀsh hnwKnsâ klm-b-t¯msS hkvXp¡Ä Af¶v Xn«-s¸-Sp¯n kvsI¨v X¿m-dm¡n
AwKo-I-cn-¡p-¶p.
(5) ]«bw ÂIp¶- X- nv sam¯w ksv I¨nÂ Hmtcm ssIhi- §- fpw k_vUnh- nj- ³ sN¿p¶- p.
(6) kÀsh kq{]v
AwKo-I-cn¨ kvsI¨v {]Imcw hntÃPv dn¡mÀUnÂ amäw hcp-¯p-¶p.
Kerala Restriction on Transfer by and Restoration of Lands to Schedules Tribes Act, 1999
(1) ]«n-I-hÀ¤-¯nÂs¸« BÄ¡mÀ hkvXp-¡Ä ssIamäw sN¿p-¶Xv nb-{´n-¡p-¶-Xnpw Aym-[o--s¸« `qan AhÀ¡v XncnsI
ÂIp-¶-Xnpw DÅ nb-aam-Wn-Xv.
(2) Aym-[o--s¸« `qan Is-
¯p-¶-Xnpw aäv S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xnpw kÀsh hIp-¸nsâ klmbw Bhiy-am-Wv.
(3) 2001þÂ Schedules Tribes v `qan ]Xn¨v ÂIp¶- X- nv kÀ¡mÀ {]tXyIw N«§Ä Bhnj- v¡c- n¨- n«- p-
v. Kerala Assignment of
Govt. Land to Scheduled Tribes Rules 2001
(4) Ap-tbm-Py-amb kÀ¡mÀ `qan Is-
¯n-bmWv ]Xnhv S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.
(5) Survey and Demarcation v ap³s]bmWv ]«bw ÂIp-¶-sX-¦nÂ B hnhcw ]«-b-¯nÂ tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p.
(6) XpSÀ¶v Survey and Demarcation ]qÀ¯n-bm¡n Bh-iy-ap-s-
¦nÂ ap³ kvsI¨nÂ t`Z-KXn hcp¯n hntÃPv dn¡mÀUpI-fnÂ
amäw hcp-¯p-¶p.
Cu nbaw S-¸m-¡p-¶-XnÂ kÀsh kq{]-nsâ
]¦v Gähpw An-hm-cy-am-Wv.
Kerala Lands Reforms Act, 1963
Dt±iw
(1) 1þ4-þ1964 tm AXnv ap³t]m DÅ IpSn-In-S-¸p-ImÀ, IpSn-bm-bva¡mÀ F¶n-hÀ¡v `qan-bnÂ Ah-Imiw Øm]n-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡p-
I.
(2) ]cn-[n-bnÂ Ihnª `qan ssIhiw hbv¡p¶ hyàn-IÄ/IpSpw_w/Øm]w F¶n-h-cnÂ n¶pw an¨-`qan Gsä-Sp¯v `qc-ln-
X-cmbhÀ¡v hnX-cWw sN¿p-I.
IpSn-In-S-¸p-ImÀ
(1) kz´-ambn hoSn-Ã.
(2) tImÀ¸-td-j³ Gcn-b-bnÂ 3 skâ nÂ IqSp-XÂ CÃ.
(3) ap³kn-¸m-en-än-bnÂ 5 skâ nÂ IqSp-XÂ CÃ.
(4) ]©m-b-¯nÂ 10 skâ nÂ IqSp-XÂ CÃ.
(5)- hm-S-I-hm-§ntbm CÃm-sXtbm Øetam hotSm D]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ Ap-hmZw In«nb BÄ BWv IpSn-In-S-¸p-Im-c³.
(6) Øehpw hoSptam/hoSv hbv¡m³ Ap-hmZw ÂInb Øetam easement Ah-Imiw DÄs¸-sS-bmWv IpSn-In-S¸v.
(7) hoSv ‘Hut’ sâ nÀÆ-N--¯nÂ hc-Ww.
(8) Hut Xma-kn-¡p-¶-Xnv thn
h¨-Xm-Wv.
Cost of Construction 750/ - cq]b- nÂ IqSm³ ]mSnÃ- . amkh- mS- I 5/þ cq]b- nÂ IqSm³ ]mSnÃ- .
(9) kÀ¡mÀ `qan-bnÂ IpSn-In-S-¸-h-Imiw CÃ.

(10)750/þ cq] - cost of Construction pw 5/þ cq] amkh- mS- I- bpw IqSpX- e- mWv F¶pÅ- X- ps- Imv
am{Xw IpSnI- nS- ¸ v Aph- Z- n¡- mX- nc- n-
¡m³ Ignb- pI- b- nÃ F¶v tImSXn hn[nI- Ä D.
v
Tenant
(1) hmSI sImSp¯v hkvXp ssIhiw h¨v Ap`hn¡p¶ BÄ.
(2) hmSI sImSp-¡p-¶-Xn-pÅ IcmÀ CsÃ-¦nÂ Land Lord – Tennant _Ôw CÃ.
(3) hkvXp- b-YmÀ°-¯nÂ ssIhiw DÅ Bfpw Irjn sN¿m³ Ah-Imiw DÅ Bfpw BWv Cultivating tennant
Kanam
Transfer of immovable Property for enjoyment
Kuzhikanam
hr£-§Ä «v BZmbw FSp¡mw
Karaima
Xd-¸m«whm§n hoSv h¡m³ Øew sImSp-¡p¶p.
Odacharthu
Agreement for cutting bamboos in Malabar.
]mXn-hmcw
Irjn DÂ¸-¶-¯nsâ ]IpXn sImSp-¡-W-sa¶ IcmÀ
Fixity of Tenure
`qan-bnÂ P·m-h-Imiw Øm]n¨p sImSp-¡Â. Tenure F¶mÂ P·mhImiw F¶À°w. KLR Act {]Imcw FÃm Tenant IÄ¡pw
P·mh-Imiw e`n-¨p-In-«m³ Ah-Imiw Dv.
Ah-cpsS ssIhiw DÅ `qan XncnsI FSp-¡m³ ]mSn-Ã.
Land Tribunal
P·m-h-Imiw ]Xn-¨p-In-«mpw IpSn-In-S¸v Ah-Imiw ]Xn¨p In«mpw Land Tribunal Â At]£ ÂI-Ww.-
`qan DS-abv¡v thsd `qan CsÃ-¦nÂ 20 skâ nÂ IqSmsX XncnsI hm§mw. Plantation `qan-bnÂ fixity of tenure CÃ.
A¸-teäv AtXm-dn«n
Land Tribunal sâ D¯-chns-Xnsc 60 Znh-k-¯n-Iw A¸oÂ t]mImw. kwØm-¯v ne-hnÂ 3 A¸-teäv AtXm-dn-«n-
IÄ {]hÀ¯n-¨p-h-cp-¶p. Be-¸p-g, XriqÀ, I®qÀ
A¸-teäv AtXm-dn-än-bpsS Xocp-am--¯n-s-Xnsc 45 Znh-k-¯n-Iw sslt¡m-S-Xn-bnÂ dnhn-j³ ^bÂ sN¿mw.
Xmeq¡v emâv t_mÀUv
(1) `q]-cn-jvI-c-W-n-baw 83-þmw hIp¸v Ap-k-cn¨v ]cn-[n-bnÂ Ihnª `qan hyàn-Itfm IpSpw-_-§tfm ssIhiw hbv¡m³
]mSn-Ã.
(2)]cn-[n-bnÂ Ihnª `qan-bp-Å-hÀ TLB ap³]msI ceiling return ^bÂ sN¿-Ww.
(3)bYm-k-abw dnt«¬ ^bÂ sN¿p-¶n-Ãm-sb-¦nÂ tIkv _p¡v sNbvXv hnNm-cW S¯n ]cn-[n-bnÂ Ihnª an¨ `qan Gsä-Sp-
¡p-¶p.
ssIhiw hbv¡m-hp¶ `q]-cn[n
Std Ordinary
(1) hyàn 5 G¡À 6-þ7 1/2 G¡À
(2) cv
apXÂ 5 t]À DÅ IpSpw_w 10 12þ- 15
(3) 5 t]cnÂ IqSp-X-epÅ IpSpw_w 10 Std Acre
+ 5 Â IqSp-XÂ DÅ Hmtcm
AwK-¯npw Hcp Std Acre 12-þ20
(4) I¼nIÄ 10 Std Acre 12þ- 15
TLB D¯-chv {]Imcw an¨-`qan Xl-koÂZmÀ Gsä-Sp-¡p-¶p.
CXn-mbn Declarantsâ BsI ssIhi-apÅ Øe-¯n-tâbpw kÀ¡m-cnv hn«p-sIm-Sp-¡p¶ Øe-¯n-tâbpw ssIhiw hbv¡m-hp
¶ Øe-¯n-tâbpw kÀsh kvsI¨v X¿m-dm-¡-Ww.

CXnsâ ASn-Øm--¯nemWv al-ÊÀ X¿m-dm¡n an¨-`qan Gsä-Sp-¡p-¶-Xv. Xmeq¡v kÀshbÀ TLBbpsS D¯-chv {]Imcw
am{Xta kÀth kvsI¨v X¿m-dm-¡m-hq. `qc-ln-X-cm-b-hÀ¡v an¨-`qan hnX-c-Ww-sN-¿p-¶-Xnv PnÃm-I-f-IvSÀ hnÚm-]w ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¡
p-¶p.
At]-£-IÄ ]cn-tim-[n¨v AÀl-cm-b-hsc Xnc-sª-Sp-¯-tijw {]tXyIw k_vUn-hn-j³kvsI¨v X¿m-dm¡n Deed of
Assignment ÂIp-¶p. AtXm-sSm¸w ssIhiw hn«p-sIm-Sp-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. XpSÀ¶v dhyq dn¡mÀUp-I-fnÂ th{
X amäw
hcp¯n ]«bw X¿m-dm¡n ÂIp-¶p.
s]mXp-hmb Imcy-§Ä
(1) taÂ kqNn-¸n¨ FÃm nb-a-§-fnepw kÀth S-]-Sn-IÄ Bh-iy-amsW¶ Imcyw t_m²y-s¸-«p-htÃm
(2) FÃm kÀth S]- S- nI- fnepw 1961 se Survey and Boundaries Act Dw dqfpw _m[I- a- mW- .v
(3) nb-a-]-c-ambn kÀth XpS-§p-¶-Xn-p-ap³]v 6(1) Notification pw kÀth Xocp-amw Adn-bn-¨p-sImv
9(2) Notice {]kn-²o-
I-c-Whpw Boundary Dispute Xocp-amw kw_-Ôn¨v Section 10 {]Im-c-apÅ tm«okpw Bh-iy-am-Wv.
(4) taÂ tNÀ¯ nb-a-{]-Im-c-apÅ Demarcation pw sk£³ 13 {]Imcw tm«nss^ sN¿-Ww.
(5) Assignment Orders {]Imcw ]«-bhpw Approved map Dw Dm-
Ip-¶Xv LRM S-]-Sn-IÄ¡v BXy-´m-t]-£n-X-amWv
A²ymbw þ 3
tImSXn S]- S- nI- Ä
knhnÂ S-]Sn¨«¯nsâ 80þmw hIp-¸p-{]-Imcw DÅ tm«okp In«p¶ DtZym-K-Ø³ AXnsâ ]IÀ¸p ^b-enÂ kq£n-
¨n«v AkÂ PnÃm If-IvSÀ¡v /hIp-¸-²y-£v A-ć S-]-Sn¡v Ab-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡-Ww. (C-Xn-p-tijw If-IvSÀ F¶v kqNn-¸n-
¡p-¶p) If-IvSÀ AXn-t·Â Atz-jWw S¯n AXnÂ Ig-¼p-s
¶p ImÂ
Bh-iy-apÅ ]£w kÀ¡m-cnsâ D¯-chp
hm§n ]cm-Xn¡v ]cn-lmcw ÂIpw. ]cmXn Ig-¼n-Ãm-¯-Xm-sW-¦nÂ Bb-Xnv hyà-amb adp-]Sn ]cm-Xn-¡m-cv ÂIpw
kÀ¡m-cn-s-Xnsc Hcp kyq«v ^b-em-bmÂ kn.-]n.kn bnse HmÀUÀ 27 se dqÄ 4 {]Imcw DÅ ka¬kv ssI¸-äp¶ DtZym-
K-Ø³ _Ô-s¸« Un.-FÂ.H AYhm Kh¬saâv ¹oU-dp-ambn Btem-Nn¨v kÀ¡m-cn-p-thn
tIkns {]Xn-tcm-[n-¡m-pÅ
ASn-b-ńc S-]Sn kzoI-cn-¡-Ww. Hcp DtZym-K-Ø-s-Xnsc Abm-fpsS HutZym-KnI ]Zhn ImWn-¨mWv tIkv ^bÂ sNbvXn-cn-¡p-
¶-sX-¦nÂ hIp-¸-²y-£v Xmsg-¡m-Wp¶ hnh-c-§Ä ImWn¨v ASn-b-ń-c-ambn dnt¸mÀ«p-ÂI-Ww.
1. tIknsâ ¼À
2. tIkv ^b-enÂ kzoI-cn¨ Xob-Xnbpw GXp tImS-Xn-bn-se¶pw
3. FÃm I£n-I-fp-sSbpw t]cpw hnem-khpw
4. lmP-cm-Im³ nÀt±-in-¨n-cn-¡p¶ XobXn
kÀ¡m-cns {]Xn-n-[o-I-cn-¡p¶ No^v sk{I-«-dntbm atä-sX-¦nepw hIp¸p sk{I-«-dntbm I£n tNÀ¡-s¸-«n-«p-s-
¦nÂ,
Xmsg¯«n-epÅ DtZym-K-Ø³ X¿m-dm-¡p¶ ]{Xn-I (-tÌ-ävsaâv Hm^v ^mIvkv) If-IvSÀ aptJ kÀ¡m-cn-tebv¡v Ab-¨p-sIm-Sp-
¡-Ww. nba hIp-¸nsâ ]cn-tim-[--¡p-tijw kÀ¡mÀ AXv AwKo-I-cn¨v / t`Z-KXn sNbvXv ÂIp-¶-Xm-Wv.
]{Xn-Ibpw kXy-hm-Mvaqehpw H¸p-h-¡p-¶-Xn-mbn Hcp DtZym-K-Øs kÀ¡mÀ h¡o-ensâ Hmô-kn-tebv¡v tcJm-aqew
Npa-X-e-s¸-Sp¯n Ab-t¡--
Xp-v.
Snbm³ kÀ¡mÀ AwKo-I-cn¨v ]{Xn-I-bpsS ASn-Øm--¯nÂ tImS-Xn-bnÂ kaÀ¸n-¡m-pÅ
tcJIÄ X¿m-dm-¡m³ kÀ¡mÀ h¡o-ens klm-bn-t¡-Xpw
Bh-iy-s¸-Sp¶ IqSp-XÂ hnh-c-§fpw nÀt±-i-§fpw ÂIm³
_m²y-Ø-m-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-am-Wv. tIkv S-¯n-¸nsâ FÃm L«-¯nepw S-]-Sn-IÄ {i²m-]qÀÆw nco-£n-¡p-¶-Xnpw kÀ¡mÀ
XmÂ]cyw kwc-£n-¡m³ Imcy-£-a-ambn bXvn-¡mpw Sn nbpà DtZym-K-Øpw kÀ¡mÀ h¡o-enpw kwbpà D¯-c-hm-
Zn¯w Dm-
bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv.
PnÃm-Xe DtZym-K-Ø-sâtbm hIp¸p Xe-h-sâtbm AsÃ-¦nÂ Hcp kt_mÀUn-täv DtZym-K-Ø-sâtbm {]hr¯n _lp.
sslt¡m-S-Xn-bnÂ Hcp knhnÂ S-]-Sn-bntem dn«v -s]-äo-j-ntem tNmZyw sN¿-s¸-Sp-Ibpw AtX-k-abw Hcp Hu]-Nm-cnI I£n
F¶ ne-bnÂ kÀ¡mÀ I£n tNÀ¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw BsW-¦nÂ ]{XnI X¿m-dm-¡p-I, tIkns {]Xn-tcm-[n-¡pI F¶nh Cu

hI DtZym-K-Ø-·m-cp-sS D¯-c-hm-Zn-¯-am-Ip-¶p. Iogp-tZym-K-Ø-cp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v taÂ]-dª DtZym-K-ØÀ s]äo-j-nse FÃm
Bh-em-Xn-IÄ¡pw JWvUn-Im-p-kr-X-ambn adp-]Sn X¿m-dm-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv.
]{XnI X¿m-dm-¡p-t¼mÄ s]äo-j-nse Hcp kwK-Xnbv¡pw adp-]Sn ÂIm³ hn«p-t]m-bnÃ F¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯n-s¡m-Å-Ww.
adp-]Sn hyàhpw hni-Zhpambn-cn-¡-Ww. Hcp JWvUn-I-bnÂ sImSp¯ adp-]-Sn¡v hncp-²-ambn asäm-cn-S¯v adp-]Sn ÂIm³
]mSn-Ã. ]cm-Xn-bnse Hcp JWvUn-I-bnse Bh-emXn asämcp JWvUn-I-bnÂ BhÀ¯n-¨mepw JWvUn-Im-p-kr-X-ambn shtÆsd
adp-]Sn ÂI-Ww. “ap³ JWvUn-I-bn-se-t¸mse”, “tcs¯ ]d-ªn-«p-v”,
“A`n-{]mbw H¶pw CÃ” CXymZn Hgp-¡³ adp-]Sn Fgp-
X-cp-Xv. icnbpw hkvXp-Xm-]-c-ambn Bh-iy-ap-Å-Xp-amb Imcy-§Ä am{Xta ]{Xn-I-bnÂ Fgp-Xm-hq. Bh-iy-amb FÃm tcJ-Ifpw
{]am-W-§fpw AUz-t¡äv P-d-env / kÀ¡mÀ h¡o-env ]{Xn-I-bvs¡m¸w F¯n-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡-Ww. FXnÀ kXy-hm-Mvaqew / {]Xn-hmZ
]{XnI X¿m-dm¡- p-¶-Xnpw tIkp S¯- n-¸ns- -¸än NÀ¨ sN¿mpw h¡oe- m-^ok- n-tebv¡v t]mIp¶ DtZymK- Ø- ³ B tIknsâ
FÃm Imcy-§fpw ]Tn-¨n-cn-¡-Ww. kXy-hm-Mvaqew/ ]{XnI H¸p-h-bv¡p-¶-Xn-p-ap¼v Sn DtZym-K-Ø³ AXv hyà-ambn hmbn¨p a-
Ên-em-¡nbn-cn-¡Ww.
Iogv tImS-Xn-I-fnÂ tIkv S-¯p-t¼mÄ kÀ¡mÀ `mK-¯p-n¶pw sXfn-hp-IÄ lmP-cm-¡p-¶-Xnpw km£n-hn-kvXm-c-¯npw
DtZym-K-Ø³amÀ bmsXmcp hogvNbpw hcmsX {i²n-t¡--
Xp-v.
tIkv tI«v Xocp-am--am-bmÂ kÀ¡mÀ h¡oÂ aptJ hn[n
]IÀ¸v hm§p-¶-Xnpw A¸oÂ km²yX FgpXn hm§p-¶-Xnpw lmP-cm-¡nb dnt¡mÀUp-IÄ aS¡n hm§p-¶-Xnpw Sn DtZym-K-Ø
³ _m²y-Ø-m-Wv. A¸o-enp km²y-X-bn-sÃ-¶m-sW-¦nÂ Un{In nd-th-äp-¶-Xnv/ hn[n S-¸m-¡p-¶-Xnv S-]Sn kzoI-cn-¡-
Ww.
tImSXn S-]-Sn-IÄ (Xp-SÀ¨)
(A-[nI hmb--bv¡v)
dhyq `c-W-kw-hn-[mw ]p-Êw-L-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xnsâ `mK-ambn GXmpw hÀj-§Ä¡p-ap¼v FÃm Ie-Ivt{S-äp-I-fnepw Hcp
Xl-koÂZmÀ/ kon-bÀ kq{]-nsâ
taÂtm-«-¯nÂ Bcw-`n¨ kyq«v skÂ IqSp-XÂ iàn-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xnsâ `mK-ambn Xncp-h-
-´-]p-cw, sImÃw, Be-¸p-g, CSp-¡n, Fd-Wm-Ip-fw, ]me-¡m-Sv, tImgn-t¡m-Sv, ImkÀtKmUv F¶o Ie-Ivt{S-äp-I-fnÂ nb-a-h-Ip-
¸nse Hmtcm sU]yq«n sk{I-«-dn-amsc nb-an-¨p. kyq«v skÃnsâ Npa-Xe Cn-taÂ ChÀ¡m-bn-cn-¡pw. 2010 Pqsse 9 p dhyq
hIp-¸nÂ n¶pw ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn¨ (Fw.-F-kv.)277/2010/BÀ.-Un. F¶ kÀ¡mÀ D¯-c-hn-emWv C¡mcyw {]Xn-]m-Zn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.
Cu D¯-c-hp-{]-Imcw Sn sU]yq«n sk{I-«-dnbpsS HutZym-Kn-I-maw Unkv{SnIvSv em Hm^o-kÀ (Un.-FÂ.-Hm.) F¶v Bbn-cn-
¡pw.
Un.-FÂ.-Hm. bv¡v Xmsg-¸-d-bp¶ Npa-X-e-Ifpw D¯-c-hm-Zn-¯-§fpw GÂ¸n-¨p-sIm-Sp-¯n-«p-ap-v.
1. kÀ¡mtcm PnÃm A[nI- mc- ntbm I£n-bmb FÃm tImS-Xn-t¡-kp-I-fnepw kÀ¡mÀ XmÂ]cyw kwc£- n-¡p-¶X- npw kÀ¡m-cn-
p-m-
Im-hp¶ sNe-hp-Ifpw jvS-§fpw Ipd-bv¡p-¶-Xn-p-ambn A¯cw tIkp-IÄ tm¡n--S-t¯-Xv
Un.-FÂ.-Hm
BWv.
2. PnÃm Ie-IvSÀ d^À sN¿p¶ FÃm nb-a-{]-iv-§-fnepw D]-tZiw ÂIm³ Un.-FÂ.-Hm Npa-X-es¸«n-cn-¡p-¶p. d^À
sN¿p¶Xnp-ap¼v GsXms¡ kwK-Xn-I-fn-emWv D]-tZiw tXSp-¶-sX¶v ^b-enÂ hyà-ambn tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
F¶mÂ Xmsg-¸-d-bp¶ kml-N-cy-§-fnÂ D]-tZiw ÂIm³ Un.-FÂ.Hm _m²y-Ø--Ã.
(1) `c-W-hn-`mKw Xs¶ Xocp-am-n-t¡kwK-
Xn-IÄ
(2) hIp-¸p-Xe DtZym-K-Ø-·mÀ¡p-Xs¶ ]cn-Úm--apÅ Un¸mÀ«p-saâÂ amp-hÂ, S-]-Sn-{I-a-§-Ä, D]-n-b-a-§Ä
apX-em-b-h-bnÂ hcp¶ hnj-b-§Ä
(3) BÀ_n-t{S-äÀ, A¼-bÀ apX-emb Øm-§-fnÂ DtZym-K-Ø-·mÀ {]hÀ¯n-¡p-t¼mÄ Dm-
Im-hp¶ {]iv-§Ä
(4) nb-a-{]-Im-c-apÅ hnth-N-m-[n-Imcw {]tbm-Kn-t¡kμÀ`-
§Ä
(5) hnh-cm-h-Im-i-n-b-a-¯n³ IognÂ hcp¶ kwK-Xn-IÄ
(6) km¦Â]nI kwK-Xn-IÄ
3 _Ô-s¸« sk£-nÂ X¿m-dm-¡p¶ ]{XnI (tÌävsaâv Hm^v ^mIvävkv) nb-a-Im-cy-§Ä ]cn-tim-[n-¨p-d-¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶-Xn-
mbn Un.-FÂ.-Hm.bv¡p ÂIp-¶-Xnp ap¼mbn `c-W-]-c-amb Imcy-§Ä (_Ô-s¸« sk£-nse) DtZym-K-Ø-·mÀ ]cn-

tim-[n-¨n-cn-t¡-Xpw
AXv Un.-FÂ.-Hmbv¡p e`n-¡p-t¼mÄ At±lw (nb-a-h-Ip-¸nsâ) 22.6.2009 se 7812/_n3/2009
F¶ kÀ¡p-e-dnsâ ASn-Øm--¯nÂ AXp ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-Ibpw AwKo-I-cn¨ ]{XnI bYm-k-abw Kh-s×âv ¹oU-dpsS/
AUz-s¡äv P-d-ensâ ]¡Â F¯p-¶p-sh¶pw Bh-iy-amb ]{XnI / A^n-U-hnäv tImS-Xn-bnÂ ^bÂ sN¿-s¸-Sp-¶p-sh
¶pw Dd-¸m-t¡--
Xp-am-Wv.
4 (nb-a-h-Ip-¸nsâ) 22.6.2009 se 7812/_n3/2009 F¶ kÀ¡p-e-dnsâ ASn-Øm--¯nÂ FÂ.-G.-d-^-d³kv, sI.-FÂ.-kn.,
`qan-]-Xn-hv, dhyq dn¡-hdn XpS-§nb tIkp-I-fpsS S-¯n-¸nÂ Un.-FÂ.-Hm {]tXyIw Pm{KX ]men-¡-Ww. icn-bmb
]{XnIbpw A^n-U-hnäpw tImS-Xn-bnÂ ^bÂ sN¿p-¶-Xnpw FÂ.-G.-B-IvSnsâ hIp¸v 28 G {]Im-c-apÅ At]£bpsS
]cn-tim-[--bnepw FÂ.-G.-d-^-d³kv hn[n-I-fnÂ A¸oÂ ^bÂ sNbvXn-«n-Ãm¯ tIkp-I-fnÂ bYm-k-abw Un{In-¯pI
sI«n-h¨v FIvkn-Iyq-j³ s]äo-j³ Hgn-hm-¡mpw {i²n-¡-Ww.
5 tImS-Xn-b-e-£y-t¡kpIfnÂ bYm-k-abw XpSÀ-S-]SnsbSp-¡-Ww.
6 sslt¡m-S-Xn-bntem kp{]ow tImS-Xn-bntem A¸oÂ ^bÂ sN¿p-¶-Xn-mbn PnÃm Ie-IvStdm Iogp-tZym-K-Ø-·mtcm AUz-s¡
äv P-d-ensâ nb-tam-]-tZ-i-¯n-mbn Bh-iy-s¸-«mÂ (nb-a-h-Ip-¸nsâ) 29.11.2008 se 19266/_n3/2008 F¶ kÀ¡p-eÀ
{]Imcw sk{I-«-dn-b-änse `c-W-h-Ip-¸nÂn¶pw bpà-amb D¯-c-hp-IÄ e`y-am-¡-Ww.
7 (nb-a-h-Ip-¸nsâ) 15.1.2010 se 22148/_n3/09 F¶ kÀ¡p-eÀ {]Imcw A¸oepw kvs]jyÂ eohv s]äo-jpw ^bÂ
sN¿p-¶-Xn-epÅ Ime-Xm-akw XoÀ¨-bmbpw Hgn-hm-¡-Ww. Ie-Ivt{S-än-sebpw k_v Hmô-kp-I-fn-sebpw kyq«v cPn-ÌÀ Ie-
Ivt{S-äp kyq«v skÃnse kon-bÀ kq{]v
aptJ Un.-FÂ.-Hm bv¡v ]cn-tim-[-bv¡v kaÀ¸n-¡-Ww. Ie-Ivt{S-äp kyq«v
skÃnsâ {]hÀ¯--§Ä Un.-FÂ.-Hm {Iao-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw FÃm tImS-Xn-t¡kv hnh-c-§Ä¡pw I¼yq-«-ssdkvUv tamWn-«-
dnMv GÀs¸-Sp¯n XpSÀ-S-]-Sn-IÄ Bhn-jv¡-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-am-Wv..
8 1978 se tIcf Kh-s×âv em Hmô-tkgvkv (n-b-a-hpw tkh--hy-h-Ø-Ifpw tIkp--S-¯n-¸pw)-dqÄknsâ A©mw Ap-
_-Ô-¯nÂ nÀt±-in-¡p¶ kyq«v tm«okv cPn-ÌÀ Ie-Ivt{S-äp kyq«v skÃnÂ h¨p-t]m-tc--
Xm-Wv.
9 tImS-Xnbp¯-c-hpv S-¸m-¡Â nco-£n-¡p-¶-Xn-mbn tImS-Xn-b-e-£y-t¡kpIfpsS/ tImS-Xnbp¯-c-hpv S-¸m-¡ensâ
Hcp cPn-ÌÀ Ie-Ivt{S-äp kyq«v skÃnÂ kq£n-t¡-Xpw
AXv ka-b-_-Ôn-X-ambn Un.-FÂ.-Hm ]cn-tim-[n-t¡--
Xp-am-Wv.
Cu cPn-ÌÀ icn-bmbn X¿m-dm¡n kq£n-¡p-¶ps-
¶pw hogvNI- Ä ImÂ
S]- Sn kzoIc- n¡- p¶- ps-
¶pw kyq«v skÃnse
kon-bÀ kq{]v
Dd-¸p-h-cp-t¯--
Xp-v.
10 FÂ.-G.-d^- -d³kv, tImS-Xnb- -e-£yw, dhyq dn¡-hdn XpS-§nb tIkp-I-fnÂ Khs- ×âv ]vfoUÀ/AUz-s¡äv P-dÂ F¶n-h-
cp-ambn Un.-FÂ.-Hm ]Xn-hmbn _Ô-s¸«v sImn-
cn-¡-Ww. kÀ¡m-cn-tebv¡v henb XpI-IÄ hkq-em-Im-pÅ tIkp-
I-fnÂ {]tXyIw {i² h¨p-t]m-tc--
Xm-Wv.
11 kÀ¡mtcm PnÃm A[n-Im-cntbm I£n-bmb FÃm tImS-Xn-t¡-kp-I-fpsSbpw ]ptcm-KXn ]cn-tim-[n-¡m-pÅ {]Xn-amk
tbmKw Un.-FÂ.-Hm I¬ho--dmbn PnÃm Ie-IvSdpsS A²y-£-X-bnÂ B PnÃ-bnse FÃm PnÃm-Xe DtZym-K-Ø-·m-scbpw
tNÀ¯v IqtS--
Xm-Wv.
Unkv{SnIvSv em Hmô-kÀ (Un.-FÂ.-Hm.) PnÃm Ie-IvSdpsS tcn-«pÅ nb-{´-W-¯n-em-bn-cn¡pw. sU]yq«n Ie-IvSÀamcpw
kyq«v skÃnse kon-bÀ kq{]pw
tImS-Xn-t¡kv kw_-Ôn¨ ^b-ep-Ifpw X]m-ep-Ifpw Un.-FÂ.-Hm aptJ thWw PnÃm Ie-
IvSÀ¡v Ab-bvt¡--
Xv.
PnÃm-t¡m-S-Xn, AUo-j-WÂ PnÃm-t¡m-S-Xn, k_v tImSXn F¶n-hn-S-§-fnse Kh-s×âv ¹oUÀamcpsS Hmô-kp-IÄ Un.-
FÂ.-Hm.bpsS taÂtm-«-¯n-em-bn-cn-¡pw.
Unkv{SnIvSv em Hmô-kÀ kyq«v cPn-ÌÀ hÀj-¯n-sem-cn-¡Â em sk{I-«-dn, emâv dhyq I½o-j-WÀ, dhyq sk{I-«-dn,
F¶n-h-cpsS ]cn-tim-[-bv¡p ÂI-Ww. PnÃm Ie-IvSdpsS Iogn-epÅ Hmô-kp-IÄ aq¶p-am-k-¯n-sem-cn-¡-se-¦nepw Un.-FÂ.-
Hm ]cn-tim-[n¨v dnt¸mÀ«v PnÃm Ie-IvSÀ aptJ em sk{I-«-dn, emâv dhyq I½o-j-WÀ, dhyq sk{I-«-dn, F¶n-hÀ¡pw em (tam-
Wn-«-dn-Mv) skÃn-tebv¡pw ÂI-Ww. þ
kyq«p-IÄ, knhnÂ dn«v s]äo-j-p-IÄ, A¸o-ep-IÄ F¶n-h-bpsS Hcp kwbpà kw{Kl cPn-ÌÀ kyq«v skÃnÂ h¨p-t]m-cWw
nÝn-X-s{]m-t^mÀa-bn-epÅ Hcp kyq«v cPn-ÌÀ Ie-Ivt{S-än-sebpw k_v Hmô-kp-I-fn-sebpw ¢mÀ¡p-amÀ ]ptcm-KXn hnhcw
Fgp-Xn-t¨À¯v kq£n-t¡--
Xp-am-Wv.

nÝn-X-s{]m-t^mÀa-bn-epÅ Hcp ss{Xam-k-B-p-Im-en-I-]-{XnI (amÀ¨v 31, Pq¬ 30, sk]vXw-_À 30, Unkw-_À 31) nb-a-h-
Ip-¸nsâ tam-Wn-«-dn-Mv skÃn-tebv¡p PnÃm Ie-IvSÀ ÂtI--
Xp-v.
AXp-t]mse s]â nMv tIkp-IÄ kw_-Ôn¨v nÝn-X-s{]
m-t^mÀa-bn-epÅ Hcp kw{K-l-¸-«nI Pq¬ 30pw Unkw-_À31 pw h¨v ÂI-Ww.
A²ym-bwþ 4
sNbn³ kÀsÆ
SURVEY
GsX¦nepsam¶ns¸än kq£anco£Ww S¯n hkvXp-n-jvS-amb FÃm tcJ-Ifpw X¿m-dm¡p¶ nÀZnjvS ]cn-]m-
Sn¡v kÀsh F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.
LAND SURVEY
Hcp `qhn-`m-K-¯nsâ icn-bmb cq]w Npcp-§nb tXmXnÂ t]¸-dnÂ hc¨p-m-¡
p-¶-Xnpw B `qhn-`m-K-¯nÂ¡mWp¶
ØnXn Øm]I NnÓ-§Ä tcJs¸Sp¯p-¶-Xnpw thn
imkv{Xo-b-amb coXn-bnÂ Af-hp-IÄ Af-s¶-Sp¯v dn¡mÀUpIÄ
X¿m-dm-¡p¶ k{¼-Zm-b-amWv LAND SURVEY
kÀsh sN¿p-¶-Xn-p-]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ D]-I-c-W-§sf ASn-Øm--am¡n LAND SURVEY A©mbn Xncn-¨n-«p-v.
1. Theodolite Survey
2. Chain Survey
3. Compass Survey
4. Plane Table Survey
5. Levelling Survey
Revenue Survey or Cadastrtal Survey
Hcp `qhn-`m-K-¯nsâ icn-bmb cq]w Hä tm«-¯nÂ ImW¯¡ hn[w Npcp§nb tXmXnÂ t]¸-dnÂ hc¨p-m-¡
p-¶-
Xnpw ØnXn Øm]I NnÓ-§Ä tcJs¸Sp¯p-¶-Xnpw hnkvXoÀ®w IW-¡m-¡p-¶-Xnpw Bh-iy-amb Af-hp-IÄ FSp-¡p¶
k{¼-Zm-bs¯ dhyp kÀsÆ AsÃ-¦nÂ IUm-kv{SÂ kÀsÆ F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.
dhyp kÀsÆbpsS Dt±-i-§Ä
Hmtcm hkvXp-hn-s-bpw ]Xnhv, X-cn-iv, ]pd-t¼m¡v, ssIh-im-h-Im-iw, aäp _Ô-s¸« dn¡mÀUp-IÄ F¶nhbv¡pk-c-W-ambn
AXnÀ¯n Xncn¨v Ønc-amb kÀsÆ ASbmf§Ä Øm]n-¨-tijw Af-hp-IÄ FSp¯v dn¡mÀUp X¿m-dm¡n kq£n¡pIbpw
hnkvXoÀ®w Xn«-s¸-Sp-¯p-I-bp-amWv dhyp kÀsÆ sImp-
t±-in-¡p-¶-Xv.
dhyp kÀsÆ-bnÂ Xntbm-U-sseäv kÀsÆbpw sNbn³ kÀsÆbpw DÄs¸-Sp¶p. cmPym-XnÀ¯nbpw dhyp `c-W-¯nsâ
kuI-cy-¯n-mbn hn`-Pn-¡-s¸-«n«pÅ PnÃ, Xmeq-¡v, hntÃPv F¶n-h-bpsS AXnÀ¯n-I-fpw Xntbm-U-sseäv sImv
kÀsÆ sNbvXn-
«p-v.
kÀsÆ sNbvXv dn¡mÀUpIÄ X¿m-dm-¡n ssIImcyw sN¿p-¶-Xnpw dn¡mÀUp-I-fnÂ hcm-hp¶ sXäp-IÄ {IaoI-cn-¡p-¶-
Xnpw Hmtcm hntÃ-Pn-sbpw ]e t»m¡p-I-fmbpw t»m¡p-Isf ]e JWvU-§-fmbpw Xncn¨v Xntbm-U-sseäv sImp
kÀsÆ
sNbvXp hcp-¶p.
UoamÀt¡j³
`qan-bpsS Cw, Xcw, ssIh-iw, _Ô-s¸« dn¡mÀUp-IÄ apX-embh ASn-Øm--s¸-Sp¯n hkvXp-¡Ä ]c-kv]cw thÀXn-cn
¨v AXnÀ¯n-I-fnÂ Bh-iy-amb `mK¯v nÝnX coXn-bn-epw hep-¸-¯n-ep-apÅ kÀsÆ AS-bm-f-§Ä Øm]n-¡p-¶-Xns
UoamÀt¡j³ F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.
UoamÀt¡äv sN¿p-t¼mÄ {i²n-t¡kwK-
Xn-IÄ
1. Hcp kÀsÆ ^oÂUv ne-am-sW-¦nÂ 2 slIvSdpw ]pc-bn-S-am-sW¦nÂ 4 slIvSdpw hc-¯-¡-hn[w UoamÀt¡äv sN¿Ww
2. Hcp kÀsÆ ^oÂUnÂ 15 k_vUnhn-j-nÂ IqSp-XÂ hcm³ ]mSn-Ã.
3. nehpw ]pc-bn-S-hpw H-cm-fnsâ hI-bm-sW-¦nÂ t]mepw H¶n¨p tNÀ¯v UoamÀt¡äv sN¿-cpXv

4. 10 aoä-dnÂ IqSp-XÂ hoXn hcp¶ tdmUv, tXmSv apX-emb 100 apXÂ 150 aoäÀ hsc of-¯nÂ {]tXyIw kÀsÆ ôÂUp-I-fm¡
n Xncn¨v UoamÀt¡äv sN¿Ww
5. 10 aoä-dnpw 5 aoä-dnpw CSbv¡v hoXn hcp-¶h {]tXyIw k_v Unhn-j-m¡n UoamÀt¡äv sN¿Ww
6. 2.aoä-dnÂ Ipd¨v hoXn hcp-¶h GXp kÀsÆ ôÂUnÂ IqSn-t¸m-Ip-¶thm AXnsâ Øm¯v ØnXn Øm]I NnÓ-¯mÂ
tcJs¸Sp¯n-bmÂ aXn-bmIpw
7. Hcp hkvXp-hnsâ Awitam GXmpw Awi-§tfm tNÀ¯v UoamÀt¡äv sN¿m³ ]mSn-Ã.
8. Bbs¡«p ]Xnhv, ]p-Xp-hÂ ]Xnhv, ]pd-t¼m¡v F¶n-§s hnhn[ Xc-¯n-epÅ hkvXp-¡Ä {]tXyIw Xncn¨v UoamÀt¡äv
sN¿Ww
9. A[nIw Irjn-bn-Ãm-¯Xpw IrXy-amb AXnÀ¯nbnÃm¯Xpam-b `qan, hkvXp DS-a-Ø-cpsS Ap-a-Xn-tbmSv IqSn ne-am-sW-
¦nÂ 4 sUkn aoädpw ]pc-bn-S-am-sW-¦nÂ 6 sUkn-ao-ädpw DÅnÂ hcp¶ hf-hp-IÄ Ah-K-Wn¨v hnkvXoÀ® hyXym-kw hcm-
¯-hn[w AXnÀ¯n tsc-bm¡n UoamÀt¡äv sN¿Ww
10. AXnÀ¯n-I-fnÂ Øm]n-¡p¶ kÀsÆ AS-bm-f-§Ä nÝnX coXnbnepw hep-¸-¯n-ep-ap-Å-Xm-bn-cn¡Ww.
11. _Ô-s¸« Hmô-k-dp-sS {]tXyI Ap-aXn IqSmsX ne-hn-epÅ dhyp ôÂUv F{X Xs¶ hep-Xm-bn-cp-¶mepw k_vUn-hn-j
³ sN¿m³ ]mSn-Ã.
12. sdbnÂth `qan UoamÀt¡äv sN¿p-t¼mÄ _Ô-s¸« sdbnÂth DtZym-K-Ø³amcp-ambn Btem-Nn-¡p-Ibpw sdbnÂthbv¡p
thn
X¿m-dm-¡n-bn-«pÅ ¹mp-I-fpsS tIm¸n lmP-cm-¡m³ Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-Ibpw thWw
13. dnskÀÆvUv t^mdÌv, ]n.-U-»n-bq.Un ]pd-t¼m¡v XpS-§nb Øe-§Ä UoamÀt¡äv sN¿p¶Xnp ap¼mbn Sn `qan-bpsS
AXnÀ¯n ImWn¨p Xcm³ Bhiy-s¸-«psImv
kÀsÆ Hmô-kÀ tm«okv sImSp-t¡--
Xm-Wv. C§s hcp¶ DtZym-K-Ø
³amÀ Ah-cpsS Øe-¯nsâ UoamÀt¡jsâ IrXy-Xsb¸än km£y-s¸-Sp-t¯--
Xpw B kÀ«n^n¡äv, dn¡mÀUp-I-tfm-
sSm¸w ^b-enÂ kq£n-t¡--
Xpam-Wv.
Cross Staff ]cntim[- n-¡p¶ hn[w.
Cross staffþsâ Xmc-IÄ ]c-kv]cw ew_-§-fmtWm F¶-dn-bm³ thn-
bmWv AXv ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-¶-Xv. Cross staff, ka-
n-c-¸mb Øe¯v ew_ambn-m-«p-I. AXnsâ Xmc-IÄ¡v ‘a’ F¶pw ‘b’ F¶pw t]cp-sImSp¡p-I. ‘a’ F¶ Xmc-bn-eqsS tm¡n
Dt±iw 60 aoäÀ AIse ‘A’ F¶v sImSn hbv¡p-I. AtX Xmc-hgn FXnÀ hit¯¡p tm¡n Dt±iw 60 aoäÀ AIse ‘B’F¶
sImSn hbv¡p-I. ‘b’ F¶ XmcbneqsS tm¡n ap³]-dª AIe¯nÂ c F¶ sImSn hbv¡pI. Ct¸mÄ sImSnIÄ aqs¶®w
Dm-
bn-cn¡pw. Cross staff v Øm New hcp-¯msX AXnsâ I« ImÂ`mKw Xncn¨v ‘ b’ F¶ Xmc-hgn A,B sImSnIsf
tm¡p-I. AXn-p-tijw ‘a’ F¶ Xmc-hgn c sImSn ImWm³ Ign-bptam F¶p ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-I. ImWp¶psh¦nÂ Cross staff
icn-bm-sW¶pw AÃm¯ ]£w sXämsW¶pw Ap-am-n-¡mw.
sXämb Cross staff D]tbm-Kn¨v icn-bmb offset FSp-¡p¶ hn[w.
sXämb Cross staff D]tbmKn¨v A,B ssenÂ n¶v c bv¡v offset FSp-¡p-I. Cross point ‘D’ F¶n-cn-¡-s«.- A-Xn-p-tijw
‘C’ sImSn ImWm-p-]-tbm-Kn¨ Xmc-hgn A,B sImSnIsf tm¡n, A,B sImSnIsf ImWm-p-]-tbm-Kn¨ Xmc-hgn ‘C’ sImSn
ImWm³ Ign-bptam F¶p ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-I. sXämb Cross staff Bb-Xn-m³ C sImSn ImWm³ Ign-bp-I-bn-Ã. C sImSn ImW-
¯¡ hn[w A,B line-Â Hcp t]mbnâp ImWp-I. AXv E F¶n-cn-¡s«. DE Zqcw Af¶v AXnsâ a²y-_nμp F ImWp-I. FC Zqc-am-
bn-cn¡pw AB line Ân¶v C bv¡v offset FSp-¯mÂ In«p¶ icn-bmb offset distance.
F. M. SKETCH X¿m-dm-¡p¶ hn[w
kÀsÆ sN¿p¶ Hmtcm ôÂUn-tbpw `qan-bnÂ n¶pw FSp-¯n-«pÅ eye sketch-sâ klm-bt¯msS imkv{Xob-amb
coXn-bnÂ scale Apkcn¨v plot sN¿p¶ sketch-s Field Measurement sketch F¶p-]-d-bp-¶p.
F. M sketch X¿m-dm-¡p-¶-Xnv 34 cm ofhpw 27cm hoXn-bp-apÅ drawing paper BWv D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶Xv. CXnsâ
apIÄ`mKw 4 cm, Xmsg 3 cm, CXp-h-i-§fpw 2 cm hoXhpw hn«v boarder linesImSp¡-Ww. Boarder line aptJ Dm-
Ip¶ `mK-
¯nsâ a²y¯v sketch hc-¯¡ hn[w plot sNt¿--
Xm-Wv. Field sâ Zn¡-p-k-cn-¨p-Xs¶ sketch plot sN¿-Ww.
50 BÀ hscbpÅ ôÂUp-Isf 1 sk.ao = 5 ao. F¶ tXmXnepw 50 BÀ apXÂ 2 slIvSmÀ hscbpÅ ôÂUp-Isf 1
sk.-ao.= 10 ao. F¶ tXmXnepw 2 sl. apXÂ 4 slIvSÀ hsc-bpÅ ôÂUp-Isf 1 sk.-ao. = 20 ao. F¶ tXmXnepw AXnÂ
¡pSp-XÂ hnkvXoÀ®w hcp¶ ôÂUp-Isf 1 sk.-ao.= 50 ao. F¶ tXmXnepamWv hc-t¡--
Xv.
Pn ssep-IÄ, sN¡v ssep-IÄ F¶n-h-bm-ep-m-
Ip¶ {][m {Sbm-¦n-fp-IÄ BZyw hc-bv¡-Ww. Cu ssep-I-fnÂ
n¶pÅ Hm^vsk-äp-IÄ AXmXp ssensâ ôÂUp-_p¡p tm¡n kvsIbnepw _näpw D]tbmKn¨v thhn[
¯nÂ t¹m«v

sN¿-Ww. AXn-p-tijw sF kvsI¨v tm¡n Npä-Xn-cp-I-f-tSbpw k_vv Unhn-j³ AXn-cp-I-fp-tSbpw InS¸v kq£va-X-tbmsS a-
Ên-em¡n tNÀ¨-bv¡-p-k-cn¨v hc-¨v tbmPn-¸n-¡-Ww. AtXm-sSm¸w sF kvsI¨nÂ tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-SpÅ Af-hp-Ifpw t¹m«v
sNbvX-t¸mÄ In«nb Af-hp-Ifpw X½nÂ H¯p-tNc- p¶- ptm
F¶pw ]cntim-[n¡- -Ww. C{]Imcw AXnÀ¯n ssep-IÄ s]³knÂ
apJm-ńcw tbmPn-¸n-¨p-I-gn-ªmÂ `qan-bnÂ ns¶-Sp-¯n-«pÅ Hm^v skäp-I-sfmgnsI asäÃm Af-hp-Ifpw Xmsg-¸-d-bp¶ {]Imcw
Fgp-tX--
Xm-Wv.
tsc sX¡p hS-¡mbn ]nSn¨v Af-hp-IÄ CS-¯p-n¶pw he-t¯m«pw ssep-I-fpsS Af-hp-IÄ Xmsg-n¶pw apI-fnte¡pw
aäp Ncnª ssep-IfpsS Af-hp-IÄ Ffp-¸-¯nÂ hmbn-¡p-¶-Xnv Ah-bpsS Ncnhp-k-cn¨pw Fgp-tX--
Xm-Wv. ôÂUv
_udn
ssen-sâ Af-hp-IÄ AXnÀ¯n¡p shfn-bn-embn ssenp kam-´-c-ambn ssensâ a[y-`m-K¯v Fgp-XWw. k_vUn-hn-
j³ ssensâ Af-hpIÄ k_vUn-hn-jsâ AIt¯m ]pdt¯m kuIcyw t]mse Fgp-Xm-hp-¶Xpw F¶mÂ narrow sub
division sâ Af-hpIÄ k_vUn-hn-jsâ ]pd¯pXs¶ Fgp-tX--
Xp-am-Wv. GsX-¦nepw ssenÂ ]mÀ«-f-hp-IÄ Dm-
bn-cp-
¶mÂ ]mÀ«-f-hp-IÄ AXmXp ]mÀ«nsâ DÅnÂ a²y-`m-K-¯mbpw sam¯w Afhv ssensâ ]pd¯v a²y-`m-K-¯mbpw Fgp-XWw.
Pn sse³, sN¡v sse³ F-¶n-h-bpsS Af-hp-IÄ sse³ Ah-km-n-¡p¶ {Ia-¯nÂ AXmXp ssensâ a²y-`m-Kw
IgnªvssenÂ¯s¶ {_m¡äv sImSp¯v Fgp-X-Ww.
s]³knÂ sImp
hc-¨p-X-¿m-dm-¡nb kvsI¨nse Hmtcm ssepw {UmbnMv s]¶pw ]mc-eÂ dqfdpw D]-tbm-Kn¨v 0.5 an.-
ao. hoXn-bnÂ Idp¯ ajn-bnÂ hc-bv¡-Ww. k_vUnhn-j³ ssep-IÄ CXn-t-¡mÄ hoXn-Ip-d¨v hc-t¡--
Xm-Wv.- Pn sse³,
sN¡v sse³ F-¶nh hc-bv¡p-t¼mÄ AXnÀ¯n sse³ apdn-bm-sXbpw Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-¡p¶ Af-hp-IÄ sh«n-t¸m-Im-sXbpw kq£n-
¡-Ww. ASp¯ kÀtÆ ¼À Xncn-ªp-t]m-Ip¶ Zni kqNn-¸n-¡p¶ PwKvj³ ssep-IÄ 2 cm of-¯nÂ 0.5 cm hoXn-bnÂ
eye sketch se Zni Ap-k-cn¨v Idp-¯- a-jn-sImv
hc-t¡--
Xm-Wv. s_âpIÄ IrXy-ambn tbmPn-¸n-¡Ww. F.M Sketch Â
Zn¡p-Im-Wn-¡p-¶-Xn-mbn bmsXmcp NnÓhpw hc¨p ImWn-t¡--
XnÃ. sketch hc-¨p-m-¡
n-bn-«pÅ page sâ ØnXn¡-p-kr-X-ambn
Zn¡v nÝ-bn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p.
sketch sâ he-Xp-h-i¯v Boarder ssen-p-Ån-embn ssenÂ sXm«v 5 tImf-§Ä hc¨v Xmsgn¶pw apI-fn-te¡v
`wKnbmbn field book Fgp-XWw. ôÂUp-_p-¡nsâ Hmtcm tImf-¯npw Cn-¸-d-bp¶ {Ia-¯nÂ hoXn-bp-m-
bncn-¡Ww.
a²y-`m-K¯v chain line sâ of-sa-gp-Xm-pÅ tImf-¯nv 2 cm AXnsâ Ccp-h-i-§-fn-embn Hm^vskäv Zqcw Fgp-Xm-pÅ
tImf-¯nv 1 cm hoXw, AXnsâ Ccp-h-i-§-fnepw (c--
ä¯pw) Hm^vskäv ¼À Fgp-Xm-pÅ tImf-¯nv 1/2 cm hoXw. Hmtcm
hcnbv¡pw 1/2 cm hoXn Dm-
bn-cn-¡-Ww. Hm^vskäv ¼À Fgp-Xm-pÅ H¶m-as¯ tImf-¯nsâ hes¯ line Dw 5-þmas¯
tImf-¯nsâ CSt¯ ssepw Nph¶ ajn-bnÂ hc-bv¡-Ww. Offset ¼-cp-IÄ 1,2,3 F¶ {Ia-¯nÂ Nph¶ ajn-bnÂ tcJ-s¸-
Sp-¯W- w. Field Book Â sImSp-¯nc- n-¡p¶ {Ia¯- nÂ¯s¶ sketch epw Nph¶ ajnsImv
offset number IÄ sImSp-¡-Ww.
ôÂUp _u-
dn-¡pÅ offset ¼-cp-IÄ sketchþÂ ôÂUnp ]pd-¯mbpw k_vUn-hn-jsâ offset ¼-cp-IÄ k_vUn-hn-jsâ
AIt¯m ]pdt¯m kuIcyw t]msebpw NcnbmsX sImSp-¡-Ww. sskUn-epÅ kÀsÆ ¼-dp-IÄ AXmXv PwKvj-p-I-fpsS
a²y-`m-K-¯mbn sketch Â n¶pw Aev]w AIse Ncn-bmsX Fgp-X-Ww. k_vUn-hn-j³ ¼-dp-IÄ AXmXp k_vUn-hn-jsâ
a²y-`m-K-¯mbn Ncn-bmsX Fgp-X-Ww.
amÀPn³ ssensâ shfn-bn-embn apIÄ`mK¯v CS-Xp-h-iw tNÀ¶v PnÃm Xmeq¡v F¶n-hbpw he-Xp-`m-K¯v t»m¡v ¼À,
hntÃPv, hnkvXoÀ®w F¶n-hbpw a²y-`m-K¯v ôÂUp ¼À (kÀsÆ ¼À) F¶n-hbpw Fgp-X-Ww. Xmsg t_mÀUÀ ssenp
shfn-bnÂ he-Xp-h-i¯v kÀsÆ sNbvXv sketch X¿m-dm-¡nb DtZym-K-Øsâ t]cpw H¸pw Xob-Xnbpw a²y-`m-K¯v plot sN¿m³
D]-tbm-Kn¨ tXmXpw Fgp-X-Ww.
k_vUn-hn-j³ ôÂUm-sW-¦nÂ sketchp apIfnÂ he-Xp-h-i¯v t_mÀUÀ ssen-p-Ån-embn Area column hc¨v
Hmtcm k_vUn-hn-jsâbpw hnkvXoÀ®hpw sam¯ hnkvXoÀ®hpw Fgp-X-Ww. ôÂUv ¼À, k_vUn-hn-j³ ¼À F¶n-h
Idp¯ ajn-bnepw hnkvXoÀ®w pencil D]-tbm-Kn¨pw Fgp-X-Ww.
Nne hni-Zo-I-c-W-¡p-dn-¸p-IÄ
UoamÀt¡-j³ þ `qan-bpsS Cw, Xcw ssIh-im-h-Imiw apX-em-bh ASn-Øm-s¸Sp¯n hkvXp-¡-Ä ]c-kv]cw thÀXn-cn¨v
AXnÀ¯n-I-fnÂ Bh-iy-am-b- `m-K¯v nÝn-X-co-Xn-bnepw hep-¸-¯n-ep-apÅ kÀsÆ AS-bm-f-§Ä Øm]n-¡p-¶-Xnv UoamÀt¡-
j³ F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.
CuIz-sse-tk-j³ Hm^v _âvkv þ Hcp `qhn-`mKw kÀsÆ sN¿p-t¼mÄ cp
hkvXp-¡-fpsS s]mXp-hmb AXnÀ¯n-bnÂ hcp¶
sNdnb s_âp-IÄ Ah-K-Wn¨v (hkvXp DS-a-Ø³am-cpsS Ap-a-Xn-tbm-sS) AXnÀ¯n tsc-bm¡n kÀsÆ sN¿p-¶-Xns CuIz-sse-
tk-j³ Hm^v _âvkv F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.

sÌ¸nwKv Bâv seh-enwKv þ dh-yp kÀsÆbnÂ slmdn-tkm-Â
Af-hp-I-fmWv thXv.
Ncnhp {]tZ-i-§fnse -slmdn-tkm-Â
Af-hp- In-«p¶Xnv N§e `mKn-I-ambn DbÀ¯n-¸n-Sn¨v DbÀ¶ Øe-¯np kaw hc-¯-¡-co-Xn-bnÂ ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn Af-¡p-¶-
Xns sÌ¸nwKv Bâv seh-enwKv F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.
H»nIv Hm^vskäv þ Hcp ssenÂ n¶pw Hcp nÀ±n-jvS t]mbnâ nv Hm^vskäv FSp-¡m³ Ign-bm¯h®w Hm^vskäv ssenÂ
XS-k-§tfm {]kvXpX ssenv of-¡q-Sp-Xtem h¶mÂ sNbn³ ssenÂ cp
t]mbnâp-I-Ä nÝ-bn¨v AXnÂ n¶v Hm^vskäv
t]mbnâ n-te-¡pÅ Af-hp-IÄ Af¶v tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. CXmWv H»nIv Hm^vskäv.
ss_ PwKvj³ þ Hcp Po ssen³n¶pw sXm«-Sp¯ s_â n-te¡v Hm^vskäv FSp-¡m³ nhr¯n-bn-Ãm¯ kml-N-cy-¯ntem
Hm^vskäv Zqcw 60 aoä-dnÂ IqSp-XÂ hcp¶ kμÀ`¯ntem AXnÀ¯n-bn-epÅ GsX-¦nepsamcp _â ns PwKvj-mbn kzoI-cn¨v
G line, Check line F¶nh GÀs¸-Sp¯n kÀsÆ sNt¿n
hcp-¶p. C§s _u-
dn-bn-epÅ GsX-¦nepsamcp _â ns
PwKvj-mbn kzoI-cn-t¡n
h¶mÂ B PwKvj-mWv ss_ PwKvj³.
ssS sse³ þ Hcp ôÂUv kÀsÆ sN¿p-t¼mÄ G ssep-I-fnÂ nt¶m sN¡v ssep-I-fnÂ nt¶m Hm^vsk-sä-Sp-¡m³ Ign-bmsX
hcp¶ k_vUn-hn-j³ _âp-IÄ¡v Hm^vskäv FSp-¡p-¶-Xnp thn
AsÃ-¦nÂ atä-sX-¦n-ep-a-f-hp-IÄ ]cn-tim-[n¡p¶-
Xnp thn
ôÂUnsâ _udn
s_â nÂ nt¶m ]mÀ«-f-hnÂnt¶m FXnÀh-is¯ GsX-¦n-ep-samcp _â n-tet¡m ]mÀ«n-tet¡
m AsÃ-¦nÂ ôÂUnÂ GsX-¦n-ep-samcp ssen-eqÅ t]mbnâ n-tet¡m hnSp¶ ssemWv Tie line CXv Su¬ kÀsÆ-bnÂ
Bh-iy-ambn hcp-¶p.
t{Imkv ]À«Â sse³ þ Hcp JWvUw sNbn³ kÀsÆ coXn {]Imcw kÀsÆ sNbvX tijw JWvU-¯nsâ Hcp hi-¯pÅ Xntbm-
U-sseäv tÌmWn-tet¡m {Smthgvkv ssensâ ]mÀ«n-tet¡m asämcp {Smthgvkv tÌj-nÂ n¶v Ht¶m AXn-e-[n-Itam ssep-
IÄ GÀs¸-Sp¯n JWvU-¯n-p-ÅnÂ hcp¶ ôÂUp PwKvj-p-IÄ¡v Hm^vskäv FSp¯v ôÂUp-_p¡v X¿m-dm-¡p-¶p.(Hm^v
skäv Zqcw 100 aoäÀ hsc-bp-Å-Xnp am{Xw).
C{]-Imcw JWvU-¯n-p-ÅnÂ IqSn hnSp¶ ssens t{Imkv ]À«Â sse³ F¶pw ôÂUp-_p¡ns t{Imkv ]À«Â
sse³ ôÂUp-_p¡v F¶pw ]d-bp-¶p. G line,check line F¶nh ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-¶-Xnv group sketch X¿m-dm-¡p¶- -Xnpw CXv
klm-b-I-c-am-Wv. Demarcation sketch - Â Cu line Nph¶ ajn-bnÂ hc-bv¡p-¶p.
sskUv ]À«Â sse³ þ Hcp JWvUw sNbn³ kÀsÆ sNbvX tijw JWvU-¯np Npäp-apÅ {Smthgvkv ssenÂ n¶v JWvU-
¯nsâ _u-
dn-bnÂ hcp¶ PwKvj-p-IÄ¡v Hm^vskäv FSp-¡p-¶p. C¯cw ssep-IfmWv sskUv ]À«Â ssepIÄ (Hm-
^vskäv Zqcw 60m).
I«v sajÀsaâv þ tdmUv, tXmSv apX-em-b narrow field kÀsÆ sNbvXv ¹m³ X¿m-dm-¡p-t¼mÄ AXnsâ BIr-Xn¡v hyXymkw h¶n-
«ptm
F¶-dn-bp-¶-Xnpthn
ôÂUn-sâ Hcp hi-¯pÅ _â nÂ n¶pw asämcp _â n-te¡v sse³ hn«v ofw Af-s¶-Sp-¡p-
¶p. CXns I«v sajÀsaâv F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.
]mÀ«v sajÀsaâv þ GsX-¦n-epsamc-XnÀ¯n-bnÂ Ht¶m AXn-e-[n-Itam AXnÀ¯n-IÄ h¶p tNÀ¶v sse³ ]e-Xmbn Awin-¡-
s¸S- p-I-bms- W-¦nÂ AXnÂ Hmtcm `mK-¯ns- âbpw Af-hns part measurement F¶p]db- p-¶p. ]mÀ«f- -hpI- Ä AXmXp ]mÀ«nsâ
DÅnÂ a²y`m-K-¯mbpw sam¯w Afhv ssensâ ]pd¯v a²y-`m-K-¯mbpw Fgp-X-Ww.
kÀsÆ ôÂUv þ AXmXp Ime¯p ne-hn-epÅ sNbn³kÀsÆ coXn- {]-Im-chpw N«-§Ä¡-p-k-c-W-ambpw Ht¶m AXn-e-[n-
Itam ssIh-i-§Ä tNÀ¶v kÀsÆ sNbvXv dn¡mÀUp X¿m-dm-¡p-¶-Xn-mbn AXnÀ¯n-IÄ Xncn-¡p-¶p. C§s Xncn-¡-s¸-
Sp¶ Hmtcm `mK-t¯-bpw Hmtcm kÀsÆ ôÂUv F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.
kÀsÆ ¼À þ Hdn-Pn-Â kÀsÆ Ime¯v hkvXp-¡-fpsS Cw, Xcw ssIhiw Ch-b-p-k-cn¨v ne-hn-epÅ nb-a-{]-Imcw
UoamÀt¡-j³ S¯n kÀsÆ sNbvXv dn¡mÀUp X¿m-dm¡n hntÃ-P-Sn-Øm--¯nÂ kÀsÆ ôÂUnp sImSp-¡p¶ {Ia--¼-
cmWv kÀsÆ ¼À.
dhyq ¼À þ Hdn-Pn-Â kÀsÆbv¡p tijw Hmtcm k_vUnhn-j-nepw GsX-¦nepw Imc-W-h-imÂ H¶n-e-[nIw ssIh-i-§-fp-
m-
bmÂ B ssIhi-§Ä nP-s¸-Sp-¯p-I,-Icw nÝ-bn¡pI F¶n-h-bv¡mbn nb-am-p-krXw UoamÀt¡-jpw kÀsÆbpw
S-¯msX sImSp-¡p¶ ¼-cmWv dhyp ¼À.
dhyq ôÂUv þ Htcm dhyq ¼cpw {]Xn-n-[o-I-cn-¡p¶ ôÂUns dhyq ôÂUv F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.
P³am-h-Imiw þ Hcp hkvXp-hnÂ HcmÄ¡pÅ Øn-c-amb Ah-Im-is¯ B h-kvXp-hn-te-¡pÅ P³am-h-Imiw F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.
P³am-h-Im-i-apÅ BfmWv P·n.

]pd-t¼m¡v þ s]mXp-P--§-fpsS Bh-iy-¯n-mbn Hgn-¨n-S-s¸-«n-«p-ÅXpw bmsXmcp Imc-W-h-imepw ]Xn-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡m³ ]mSn-Ãm-
¯-Xpw Kh¬saâ nsâ A[o--X-bnÂ¯s¶ Ccn-¡p-¶-Xp-amb hkvXp-¡-fmWv ]pd-t¼m¡v (tdm-Uv, tXmSv, Ipfw).
Xcniv þ Bcp-tSbpw ssIh-i-¯nepw tZl-WvU-¯nepw AÃm-¯Xpw Irjnbv¡v Ap-tbm-Py-am-b-Xpw, kÀ¡m-cnsâ DS-a-Ø-X-bn-ep-
Å-Xpw, Bh-iy-ambn h¶mÂ ]Xn¨psImSp-¡m-hp-¶-Xp-amb `qan-bmWv Xcn-iv.
Io am¸v þ Hcp ssaÀ kÀIyq«n-se- FÃm ]Xn-hp-I-sfbpw aäp k_vU-hn-j-p-I-sfbpw DÄs¸-Sp¯n AXnsâ GI-tZ-i-amb
Ømw am{Xw ImWn¨p sImv
hntÃ-Pm-ô-knÂ hc¨pm¡
p¶ sketch.
UnsshUv kvsI¨v þ Hdn-Pn-Â kÀsÆ Ime¯v k_vUnhnj³ sN¿m-Xn-cp-¶-h skänÂsaâp Ime¯v k_vUnhnj³ sNt¿n
h¶mÂ ap³ kÀsÆ ¼À kvsI¨n--I¯v ]pXnb k_vUn-hn-jsâ Ømw Bh-iy-amb Af-thm-Sp-IqSn IrXy-amb tXmXn-e-ÃmsX
hc-¨p-m-¡
p¶XmWv UnsshUv kvsI¨v.
skänÂsaâv k_vUnhnj³ þ Hdn-Pn-Â kÀsÆ Ime¯v k_vUnhnj³ sN¿m-Xn-cp-¶ Hcp ¼-cnÂ skänÂsaâp Ime¯p
k_vUnhnj³ sNt¿-n-
h-¶mÂ B k_vUn-hn-js skänÂsaâv k_vUnhnj³ F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.
dnkÀÆv t^mdÌv þ P-§Ä¡p ]Xn-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡msX hw hIp¸p apJm-ńcw h-am-bn-Xs¶ kwc-£n¨p t]mcp¶ kÀ¡mÀ
A[o--X-bn-ep-Å `qhn-`m-Ks¯ dnkÀÆv t^mdÌv F¶p-]-d-bp-¶p.
Pþ
hm-XnÀ¯n-bntem DÅntem Øm]n-¡-s¸-Sp¶ kÀsÆ AS-bm-f-§Ä Imem-´-c-¯nÂ ImSp-]n-Sn¨p aqSp-¶-Xnpw Cetbm
at®m hoWv ImWm-Xm-Ip-¶-Xnpw CS-bp-v.-
kÀsÆ AS-bm-f-§Ä {]-bmkw IqSm-sX-I-p-]
n-Sn-¡p-hm³ thn
AXn-tmSv tNÀ¶v
hf-sc-b-[nIw sNdnb IÃp-IÄ sImv
ASp-¡n-bn-«pÅ IÂ¡q-¼m-c-amWv P.
Bb-s¡-«p-Im-ew þ BZy-Im-e¯v kÀ¡m-cnsâ {][m hcp-amw `qn-Ip-Xn-bm-bn-cp-¶p. CXns kw_-Ôn¨ IW¡v hyh-Øm-]n-
X-ambn Dm-¡
n-b-Xnsâ t]cmWv Bb-s¡-«v. CXv ne-hn-en-cp¶ Ime-amWv Bb-s¡-«p-Im-ew. A¡m-e¯v ]Xn¨psImSp-¯n«pÅ
hkvXp-IÄ¡v Bb-s¡«v ]Xnhv F¶p ]d-bp-¶p. Ch-bpsS apJy {]amWw HgpIp dn¡mÀUv BWv.
sXm§Â tÌj³ þ hntÃPv _udn,
JWvUw _udn
apX-em-bh Xntbm-U-sseäv sImv
kÀsÆ sN¿p-t¼mÄ Hcp tÌj-nÂ
n¶pw ASp¯ tÌj-n-te¡v line hn«v tImW-f-hp-I-sf-Sp-¡m³ nhr¯nbnÃm¯ kml-Ncy-¯ntem AsÃ-¦nÂ `qan-bpsS ØnXn-
¡-p-k-c-Wambn AXnÀ¯n Xncn-¡p-t¼mtgm Øm]n-t¡n
hcp¶ Xntbm-U-sseäv IÃnsâ `{Z-Xsb ap³ nÀ¯n ]pg-bp-sSbpw
aäpw _u-
dn-bnÂ Øm]n-¡msX ôÂUnsâ DÅn-te¡v Ibän Øm]n-¡p-¶p. C¯cw tÌjs sXm§Â tÌj³ F¶p ]d-bp-
¶p.
Town Survey - P-§Ä Xn§n-¸mÀ¡p-¶ Kc-§Ä, apn-kn-¸m-en-än-IÄ apX-em-bh {XntIm-W-s¸-Sp¯n kÀsÆ sN¿m³ {]bm-k-
am-b-Xn-mÂ ssIhi `qan-Isf Dt±iw 4 slIvSÀ hcp¶ t»m¡p-I-fmbn Xncn¨v tdmUv, sNdnb hgn F¶n-h-bn-eqsS Xntbm-U-sseäv
sImv
kÀsÆ sN¿p-¶p. C{]-Im-c-apÅ {Smthgvkv ssenÂ nt¶m Tie line þÂ nt¶m FÃm t]mbnâp-IÄ¡pw Hm^vskäv
FSp¯v kÀsÆ sNbvXv dn¡mÀUp X¿m-dm-¡p-¶p.
ssaÀ kÀIyq«v (m.c) - ]md-s¡-«p-IÄ, Pem-i-b-§Ä A[nIw hnkvXoÀ®-apÅ `qan sNbn³ kÀsÆ sN¿m³ km[n¡- m¯ aäp
hkvXp-¡Ä F¶nh- b- psS AXnÀ¯n Xntbm-U-sseä v sImv
kÀsÆ sNbvX v dn¡mÀUp X¿m-dm¡- p-¶p. Cu `qhn-`mK- a- mW v m.c.
do kÀsÆ þ Hcn-¡Â kÀsÆ sNbvXp X¿m-dm-¡n-bn-«pÅ dn¡mÀUp-IÄ Ime-¸-g-¡-¯mÂ in-¨p-t]m-hp-I-tbm, `qan-bnse ssIh-i-
§fpw dn¡mÀUp-Ifpw X½nÂ hf-sc-b-[nIw hyXymkw Dm-
Ip-t¼mtgm apgp-h³ Øe-§fpw hopw
kÀsÆ sNbvXv dn¡mÀUp
X¿m-dm-¡p-¶p. Kh¬saâvXe hkvXp-¡Ä ap³ dn¡mÀU-p-k-cn¨pw ]Xnhp hkvXp-¡Ä mfXp InS-¸-p-k-cn-¨p-amWv dokÀsÆ
sNt¿--
Xv.
dnhn-j³ kÀsÆ þ Hcn-¡Â kÀsÆ sNbvXp dn¡mÀUp X¿m-dm-¡nb-tijw AXnÂ GXmpw `mKw Iq«ntNÀt¡n
h¶mtem
ap¼p kÀsÆ sNbvX-XnÂ Fs´-¦nepw ]niIv Ds-
¦ntem B `mKw hopw
kÀsÆ sNt¿n
hcp-¶p. CXns dnhn-j³ kÀsÆ
F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.
A-Registar(settlement Registar) - skänÂsaâp Ime¯v Hmtcm hkvXp-hn-sâbpw kÀsÆ ¼À, k_v Unhn-j³ ¼À,
Cw, X-cw, hnkvXoÀ®w, hkvXp DS-a-bpsS t]cv, Icw apX-emb FÃm hnh-c-§fpw DÄs¡m-Ån¨v Hmtcm hntÃ-Pn-ep-apÅ kÀtÆ
¼À Ap-k-cn¨v X¿m-dm-¡n-bn-«pÅ cPn-ÌÀ BWv G cPn-ÌÀ AYhm skänÂsaâv cPn-ÌÀ.

B- Registar- skänÂsaâ np tijw Hmtcm hntÃ-Pn-sâbpw kÀsÆ ¼-dn-epÅ hyXymkw ImWn-¨p-sImv
A¸-t¸mÄ hntÃ-Pm-
ô-knÂ X¿m-dm-¡p¶ cPn-ÌÀ CXv A-Registarþsâ k¹n-saâm-Wv.
Land Registar(Field Registar) - Hcp `qhn-`mKw kÀsÆ sN¿p-t¼mÄ ôÂUv ¼À, k_vUnhnj³ ¼À, C-w,- X-cw,
hnkvXoÀ®w, hkvXp DS-a-bpsS t]cp-hn-hcw F¶nh DÄs¸-Sp¯ns¡mv
kÀsÆ sN¿p¶ DtZym-K-Ø³ X¿m-dm-¡p¶ cPn-ÌÀ.
X-
t¸À cPn-ÌÀ (T.P.R)- Hmtcm hkvXphn-tâbpw Ah-Im-in-I-fnÂn¶pw Icw CuSm-¡p-¶-Xn-pÅ kuI-cy-¯n-mbn hkvXp-hnsâ
kÀsÆ ¼À, k_vUnhnj³ ¼À,-C-w,- X-cw, -hn-kvXoÀ®w, ]«b ¼À, hkvXp DS-a-bpsS t]cv F¶nh ImWn¨v hntÃ-
Pm-ô-knÂ kq£n-¨n-«pÅ cPn-ÌÀ.
dhyp enÌv þ Hcp hntÃ-Pnse kÀsÆ ¼À {Ia-¯nÂ ]Xn-hp-S-a-bpsS t]cv kÀsÆ ¼À, k_vUnhnj³ ¼À,- C-w,- X-cw,-
hnkvXoÀ®w,- ]-«b ¼À F¶nh tcJs¸Sp¯n X¿m-dm¡p¶ enÌv
¹m³ þ `qan-bnÂ Af-¡p¶ FÃm Af-hp-Ifpw ImWn¨v Hcp sNdnb `qhn-`m-Ks¯ Ign-bp-¶{X henb tXmXnÂ hc¨p ImWn-¡p-
¶-XmWv Plan.
Map - Af-hp-IÄ tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯m-sXbpw AXn-cp-IÄ kq£-a-ambn tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯nbpw AtIw `qhn-`m-K-§Ä DÄs¡m-Åp¶ Hcp
henb `qhn-`m-K-¯nsâ cq]w sNdnb tXmXnÂ hc¨p ImWn-¡p-¶-XmWv map.
village map þ Hcp hn-tÃ-Pn-p-ÅnÂ hcp¶ FÃm kÀsÆ ¼cpw DÄs¡m-Ån¨v 1 cm=50cm F¶ tXmXnÂ X¿m-dm-¡p¶
group sketch.
Ub-K-WÂ kvsIbnÂ þ GsX-¦nepw Hcp tXmX-p-k-cn¨v AXns Gähpw sNdnb LSIw hfsc Ir-Xy-ambn hmbn-¡-¯-¡-hn[w
hn`Pn¨p X¿m-dm-¡p¶ scale BWv Ub-K-WÂ kvsIbnÂ. kam {XntIm-W-§-fpsS kam hi-§Ä Ap-]m-X-¯n-em-bn-cn¡pw
F¶ XXz-amWv CXnÂ AS-§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.
t_knIv SmIvkv cPn-ÌÀ (B.T.R) - Hcp hntÃ-Pn-epÅ FÃm kÀ¡mÀ `qan-I-fp-sSbpw ]Xnhp `qan-I-fp-sSbpw kÀsÆ ¼À {Ia-¯n-epÅ
hnh-c-§Ä ImWn-¡p¶ cPn-ÌÀ. CXnÂ kÀsÆ ¼À {Ia-¯nÂ `qan-bpsS Xcw, hnkvXoÀ®w, ASn-km-Ym nIp-Xn, `q
DS-a-bpsS t]cv, X
¸À ¼À F¶o hnh-c-§Ä tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡pw.
skänÂsaâv þ Hcp `qhn-`mKw Hcn-¡Â kÀsÆ sNbvXv dn¡mÀUp X¿m-dm-¡n AwKo-I-cn¨ tijw B dn-¡mÀUp-ambn Hmtcm
k_Unhn-jsâbpw Af-hp-IÄ icn-bmtWm F¶p ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-¶-XmWv Settlement.
L.R.M.(Land Record Maintanance) - Hcn-¡Â kÀsÆ sNbvXv dn¡mÀUp X¿m-dm-¡nb `qhn-`m-K-§-fnÂ A¸-t¸m-gp-m-
Ip¶
amä§Ä ]gb dn¡mÀUnÂ DÄs¸-Sp¯n dn¡mÀUv uptodate BIp-¶ S-]-Sn¡v L.R.M.F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.
]mbvamjv ¼À þ ]s¯m-¼Xmw q{dm-nsâ
BZy-L-«-¯nÂ a{Zmkv kwØm--¯nsâ ]e `mK-§-fnepw `qan-bpsS Af-hp-Ifpw
ssIhi-§fpw tcJ-s¸-Sp¯n Hmtcm ¼-cp-IÄ sImSp-¯n-cp-¶p. C¯cw ¼-cp-I-fmWv ]mbvamjv ¼À.
]m-
c-hIþ kÀ¡mÀ hI hkvXp-¡sf ]m-
c-hI hkvXp-¡-fmbn Adn-b-s¸-Sp-¶p.
]m-
c-¸m«w þ kÀ¡mÀ hI hkvXp-¡sf bmsXmcp AÀ° _m²y-Xbpw IqSmsX BZy-Im-e¯v Hmtcm IpSn-bm³amÀ¡v ]m«-
ambn sImSp-¯n-«pÅ hkvXp-¡sf ]m-
c-¸m«w F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.
hncp¯n þ GXmpw nÝnX Dugy-§Ä nÝnX ka-b¯p S-¯p-¶-Xnv {]Xn-^-e-ambn AXp S-¯p-¶-hÀ¡v Aev]w Icw
Npa¯n Ap`-hn-¡m³ AphZn¨n-«pÅ hkvXp-¡Ä.
ntcm-[Icw þ Kh-¬saâ nsâ Ap-hmZw IqSmsX ]pd-t¼m¡p Øe-§Ä ssIhiw hbv¡p-¶-Xnpw AXnÂ nÂ¡p¶ ac-
§Ä apdn-bv¡p-¶-Xnpw aäpw Npa-¯p¶ nIp-Xn.
ôÂUv sN¡v þ Hcp hkvXp-hnsâ icn-bmb cq]w t]¸-dnÂ hc-bv¡p-¶-Xnpw hnkvXoÀ®w IW-¡m-¡p-¶-Xnpw thn
Af-s
¶-Sp-¯n-«pÅ Af-hp-IÄ icn-bmtWm F¶v hni-Z-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-¶-Xns field check F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.
Major Triangulation - A-h[n kÀsÆ ôÂUp-I-fmbn Xncn¨v k_vUn-hn-j³ kÀsÆ S-¯nb Hcp JWvU-¯nÂ B kÀsÆ
ôÂUp-IÄ DÄs¡m-Ån¨v GXmpw henb {XntIm-W-§Ä nÀ½n-¡p-¶p. Cu {XntIm-W-§fpsS hi-§Ä Af-¡p-¶-tXm-sSm¸w
B ssep-I-fpsS ASp¯v hcp¶ field junction -p IÄ¡v offset FSp¯v Af-hp-IÄ tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. C{]-Imcw {XntImW-s
¸-Sp¯n Af-shSp¡p-¶-Xns Major Triangulation F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.

kÀsÆ¡Ãp-I-fpsS ]p-Øm-]w
Hcn-¡Â kÀsÆ sNbvXp dn¡mÀUp X¿m-dm-¡n-bn-«pÅ `qhn-`m-K-§Ä GsX-¦nepw Imc-W-h-imÂ Af¶p ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-t
¼mÄ Ct¸m-gpÅ kÀsÆ-¡-Ãp-I-Ä X½nepÅ AIew ap³ Af-hp-ambn hyXymkw ImWp-Itbm AsÃ-¦nÂ IÃp-IÄ jvSs¸«n-cn¡
p-Itbm sNbvXmÂ ap³ Af-hp-I-fpsS ASn-Øm--¯nÂ IÃp-IÄ bYm-Øm-¯v Øm]n-¡p-¶-Xns ]p-Øm-]w (do-
n-Sn¡mw. i.e. Ax= Ay2 /AC
C
D
E
B
C
D
E
B
y
^nIvkn-Mv) F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.
do^n-Ivknw-Knv Bh-iy-amb dn¡mÀUp-IÄ
1. ent¯m-am¸vþdo-^nIvkv sNt¿kÀsÆ
¼À `qan-bnÂ Ip-]
n-Sn-¡p-¶-Xnv CXv klm-bn-¡p¶p
2. Af-¡p¶ hkvXp-hn-sâbpw AbÂ hkvXp-¡-fp-sSbpw F.M kvsI¨nsâ ]IÀ¸pIÄþ
Hmtcm kÀsÆ ^oÂUns- âbpw F Line, G Line, Check Line, Ahb- nÂ n¶pÅ Hm^vskä- pI- Ä apXe- mb- h F.M kvsI¨nÂ
tcJs- ¸S- p¯nbncn¡- p¶- X- n- mÂ jvSs- ¸« IÃpI- Ä ]pxØm]n¡- p¶- X- nv Ch klmb- n¡- p¶- p.
3. Af-t¡hkvXp-
hn-sâbpw AbÂ hkvXp-¡-fp-sSbpw dhyp enÌvþHmtcm kÀsÆ ¼-cn-ep-apÅ I£n-I-fpsS t]cp
hnh-c-§Ä Adn-bp-¶-Xnpw _Ô-s¸« I£n-I-Ä¡v tm«okv sImSp-¡p-¶-Xnpw klm-bn-¡p-¶p.
do^nIvkv sN¿pt¼mÄ {i²n-t¡kwK-
Xn-IÄ
kÀsÆ¡Ãp-IÄ do^n-Ivkv sN¿p-t¼mÄ `qan-bnÂ ImWp¶ ap³ IÃns ASn-Øm-am¡n kÀsÆ XpS-t§-Xpw
B
IÃp-I-fpsS Ømw icn-bmtWm F¶v ap³ Af-hp-I-fpsS klm-b-¯mÂ ]cn-tim-[n-t¡--
Xp-am-Wv. Bb-Xn-te¡v {]kvXpX IÃp-ambn
_Ô-s¸« Ipd-ªXv cv
Af-h-pIsf¦n-epw Af¶p ]cn-tim-[n-t¡-XmWv.
GsX-¦n-epw Af-hpIÄ¡v Id-£³ sImSp-t¡
n
h¶mÂ AXp sN¿Ww. F Af-hp-IÄ¡v bmsXmcp Imc-W-h-imepw Id-£³ sImSp¡m³ ]mSn-Ã.
1. ASp-¯-Sp-¯pÅ cp
PwKvj³ IÃp-IÄ am{Xw `qan-bnÂ Dmbncn¡
p-Ibpw _âp-I-ÃpIÄ jvS-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXmÂ
Ah ]p Øm]n-¡p¶ hn[w
A
kvsI¨nÂ ImWn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-t]mse A,B F¶o PwKv-j³ IÃp-IÄ am{Xw `qan-bnÂ Dm-
bn-cn-¡-pIbpw C,D,E F¶o
_âp-I-Ãp-IÄ jvS-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXmÂ Ah ]p-Øm-]n-¡p¶Xnv A,B IÃp-I-fpsS Ømhpw Ah X½n-epÅ AI-ehpw
icn-bmtWm F¶v ]cn-tim-[n-¡pI. AXnptijw A bnÂ n¶pw B bnte¡v tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«pÅ Hmtcm Hm^v-skäv t]mbnâ-pI-
fp-sS-bpw Cutting distance-þDw Offset distance Dw ^oÂUp _p¡nsâ klm-b-¯mÂ N§-ebpw t{Imkv Ìm^pw D]-tbm-Kn¨v
Af¶p h¨v jvS-s¸« C,D,E F¶o _âp-I-Ãp-IfpsS Ømw Ip-]
n-Sn¡mw. AXn-p-tijw F^v Af-hp-IÄ Af¶p ]cn-tim-
[n-t¡--
Xm-Wv.
2. Hcp PwKvj³ IÃpw sXm«-Sp¯ _âp-I-Ãp-w am{X-ap-s-
¦nÂ jvS-s¸« PwKvj³ IÃpw aäp _âp t]mbnâp-I-fnse IÃpw ]p-
Øm-]n-¡p¶ hn[w
A
x
Sketch-þÂ ImWn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶Xp t]mse A F¶ PwKv-j³ IÃpw C F¶ _âp IÃpw am{Xta `qan-bnÂ DÅq F¶p Icp-Xp-
I. AB-þÂ n¶v C bv¡v Hm^vskäv FSp-¯-XnÂ Dm-
Ip¶ AYC a«-{Xn-tIm-W-¯nsâ FÃm hi-§fpw Adn-bm-hp-¶-XnÂ Y
F¶ aqe-bnÂ n¶pw FXnÀh-i-amb AC bnte-¡pÅ ew_hpw skKvsaâpIfpw IW-¡p-hgn Ip-]
, Cx=Cy2 / AC and Ax*Cx= xy2.
ACIÃpIfpsS Ømhpw Ah X½n-epÅ AI-ehpw icn-bm-sW¶pd¸p hcp-¯n-b-tijw AC Line Â A Ân¶pÅ
Segment Zqcw Af¶ph¨v X F¶ Point Iv
X Â Cross staff m«n Hcp Xmc-hgn A,C sImSn-Isf tm¡n FXnÀXmc hgn B

bpsS hi-t¯¡v Hcp sse³ hn«v B ssenÂ ew_-Zqcw Af¶v h¨v (I-W¡v hgn In«nb) Y F¶ point ImWp-I. CXv AB line
se point Bbn-cn¡pw.
AY line o«n Y bnÂ n¶pw YB Zqcw Af¶p h¨v B F¶ t]mbnâv ImWp-I. CXv jvS-s¸« B F¶ PwK-vj³ IÃnsâ
Øm-am-bn-cn-¡pw B bpsS Ømw icn-bmtWm F¶v AXn-te¡v h¶p tNcp¶ aä-f-hp-IÄ h¨v ]cn-tim-[n¨ tijw N§-ebpw
t{ImÊv Ìm^pw D]-tbm-Kn¨v ôÂUp-_p-¡nsâ klm-b-¯mÂ jvS-s¸« aäv _âp IÃp-I-fpsS Ømw Ip-]
n-Sn-¡mw
3. ASp-¯pÅ cp
_âp IÃp-IÄ am{Xw `qan-bn-ep-m-
bn-cn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXmÂ B PwK-j³ IÃp-Ifpw aäp _âpIfpw ]p
C
D
E
B
x
y
Z
Øm]n-¡p¶ hn[w
A
`qan-bnÂ ne-hn-epÅ CD IÃp-I-fpsS Ømhpw Ah X½n-epÅ AI-ehpw icn-bm-sW-¶p-d¸p hcp-¯nb tijw AB line
Â n¶pw CD F¶o Hm^vskäv FSp-¯-Xn-m-ep-m-
Ip¶ CYD F¶ {XntIm-W-¯nsâ FÃm hi-§fpw Adn-bm-hp-¶-Xn-mÂ YÂ
n¶pw CD bnte¡v ew_w hogv¯n-bm-ep-m-
Ip¶ skKvsaâp-Ifpw ew_hpw IW-¡p-hgn Ip-]
n-Sn-¡mw. C{]-Imcw Ip-]
n-
Sn¨ skKvsaâpw ew_hpw Af-¶p-sh¨v Y F¶ t]mbnâv ImWp-I. CXv AB ebn-nÂ n¶pw C bv¡pÅ Hm^vskäv ssense
t]mbnâv Bbn-cn-¡pw. CY sse³ o«n C bv¡pÅ Hm^vskäv Zqcw Af-¶p-h¨v z F¶ t]mbnâv ImWp-I. CXv AB ssense
t]mbnâv Bbn-cn-¡pw. ‘ z’ Â t{ImÊv Ìm^v m«n Hcp Xmc-hgn C, Y sImSn-Isf tm¡n FXnÀ Xmc-hgn Ccp-h-i-§-fn-te¡pw
sse³ hn«v Z Â n¶pw ZA F¶ t]mbnâpw Z Â n¶pw ZB Zqcw Af-¶p-sh¨v B F¶ t]mbnâpw Ip-]
n-Sn-¡mw. Ch jvS-s¸«
PwKvj³ IÃp-I-fpsS Øm-am-bn-cn-¡pw. Cu IÃp-I-fpsS Ømw icn-bmtWm F¶v AXn-te¡p h¶ptN-cp¶ aä-f-hp-IÄ h¨v
]cn-tim-[n¨ tijw ôÂUv _p¡nsâ klm-b-¯mÂ N§-ebpw t{Imkv Ìm^pw D]-tbm-Kn¨v aäv _âp IÃp-I-fpsS Ømw
Ip-]
n-Sn-¡mw. Ch-bpsS Ømw icn-bmtWm F¶v Y Af-hp-IÄ Af¶p ]cn-tim-[n-t¡--
Xm-Wv.
]pd-t¼m¡p `qanI- f- nÂ A[- nI- rX- a- mb ssItbäw ImÂ
kzoI-cn-¡
S-]-Sn-IÄ
]pd-t¼m¡v ]cn-tim-[-m-h-k-c-¯nÂ GsX-¦nepw ]pd-t¼m¡p `qan-bnÂ A-[n-Ir-X-amb {]th-iw ImÂ
AXn-mbn
ssItb-ä-¡m-csâ taÂhn-emkw, ssI-tb-dnb Øe-¯nsâ hnkvXoÀ®w, ]g¡w F¶o ]qÀ® hnh-c-§Ä AS§nb Hcp dnt¸mÀ«v
kvsI¨p klnXw X¿m-dm¡n Xmeq¡v kÀsÆ-b-dmWv S-]-Sn-sb-Sp-¡p-¶-sX-¦nÂ Xl-knÂZmÀ¡pw, hntÃPv Akn-ÌâmWv S-]-
Sn-sb-Sp-¡p-¶-sX-¦nÂ Xmeq¡v kÀsÆ-bÀ¡pw kaÀ¸n-¡-Ww.
hntÃPv Akn-Ìâv kaÀ¸n¨ kvsI¨pw dnt¸mÀ«pw Ap-k-cn¨v Xmeq¡v kÀsÆ-bÀ `qan-bnÂ ]cn-tim-[n¨v Bh-iyamb
dnt¸mÀ«p-IsfgpXn ^b-Â Xl-knÂZmÀ¡v kaÀ¸n-¡-Ww. ssItb-dnb Øe-¯nsâ IrXy-amb hnkvXoÀ®w IW-¡m-¡p-¶-Xn-m-h-
iy-amb FÃm Af-hp-Ifpw Af-¶n-cn-¡Ww. kvsI¨nÂ kÀsÆ ¼À, hnkvXoÀ®w apX-em-bh ImWn-¨n-cn-¡-Ww.
taÂ¸-dª dnt¸mÀ«n³ {]Imcw Xl-knÂZmÀ Øew ]cn-tim-[n¨v Hgn-¸n-t¡-Xm-
sW¶p ImÂ
Bb-Xn-te¡p th
S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡-Ww. Xl-knÂZmcpsS XoÀ¸nÂ I£n¡v ]cmXn Ds-
¦nÂ AXp kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ A¸o-ep-I-fpsS Ah-km
Xocp-am--sa-Sp-¡-Xv
If-IvS-dm-Wv.
t]m¡p-h-chp aqe-ap-m-
Ip¶ ]pXnb k_vUnh- nj- ³
kÀsÆ sN¿p¶XnpÅ S-]Sn (P.V. Case)
t]m¡p-h-chpaqe-ap-m-
Ip¶ ]pXnb k_vUn-hn-j³ kÀsÆ sN¿p¶-Xnv {]tXyIw DtZym-K-Ø³amsc nb-an-¨n-«n-Ãm¯
]£w hntÃPv Akn-Ìâv B tPmen sNt¿-Xm-
Wv.
t]m¡p-h-chp aqe-ap-m-
Ip¶ ]pXnb k_vUn-hn-j-p-IÄ kÀsÆ sN¿p-¶-Xnv `qDSa _Ô-s¸« Xmeq¡v Xl-knÂZmÀ¡v
At]-£ sImSp-t¡--
Xm-Wv. kÀsÆ sNt¿k_
vUn-hn-j-sâ hnkvXoÀ®w 40 Btdm AXnÂ Ipdthm BsW-¦nÂ 50 cq]bpw
AXnÂ IqSp-X-epÅ BZys¯ 40 Bdnv 50 cq]mbpw XpSÀ¶pÅ Hmtcm 40 Bdnpw AXnsâ Awi-¯npw 50 cq] F¶ {Ia-
¯nepw ôkv AS-¨v sNem³ cko-Xpw B[m-c-¯nsâ ]IÀ¸pw DÄs¸sS sImSp-t¡--
Xm-Wv. At]£ Xl-knÂZmÀ¡v In«n-¡-
gn-ªmepS³ Xmeq-¡m-ô-kn-epÅ cPn-Ì-dnÂ tNÀ¯ tijw _Ô-s¸« hntÃPv Hmô-kn-te¡v kÀsÆ sN¿p¶Xn-mbn Ab¨p
sImSp-¡p-¶p.

C{]-Im-c-apÅ At]£ In«p¶ apdbv¡v hntÃPv Akn-Ìâv At]£ cPn-Ì-dnÂ tNÀ¯ tijw _Ô-s¸« `qD-S-a-ØÀ¡v
6þmw ¼À t^md-¯nÂ tm«okv sImSp-¡p-¶p. AXnp tijw tm«o-knÂ ]d-ªn-cn-¡p¶ XobXn Øe¯p lmP-cmbn ne-hn-epÅ
AXnÀ¯n ssIh-im-p`h-¯np hnt[-bambn k_vUn-hn-j³ sNbvXv k_vUn-hn-j³ tÌävsaâpw kvsI¨pw cp
{]Xn
hoXw X¿m-dm¡n ]pXnb k_vUn-hn-j³ kÀsÆ sNbvXXv icn-bm-sW-¶pÅ `qD-S-a-I-fpsS ssIt¿m-t¸m-Sp-I-IqSn Xmeq¡v kÀ-sÆ-
bÀ aptJ Xl-koÂZmÀ¡v kaÀ¸n-t¡--
Xm-Wv. Xl-koÂZmÀ k_vUn-hn-j³ Sketch Dw k_vUn-hn-j³ tÌävsaâpw sanction
sNbvXv PnÃm kÀsÆ kq{]-n
v kmt¦-XnI ]cn-tim[bv¡mbn Ab¨p sImSp-t¡-Xpw
kÀsÆ-kq-{]-nsâ
kmt¦XnI ]cn-tim-[
Ignªv AwKo-I-cn¨ dn¡mÀUp-IÄ Xncn¨p hm§nb tijw dn¡mÀUv t]m¡p hchp S-]Sn kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-mbn
_Ô-s¸« hntÃ-PnÂ Ab¨p sImSp-t¡--
Xp-am-Wv. AXp {]Imcw t]m¡phchp S-¯p-¶p.
cPnÌ- À sNbXv Hcp k_Uv nh- nj- ³ kÀsÆ sNbXv v dn¡mÀ- U vX¿md- m¡- p¶ hn[w (S.D Case)
cPn-ÌÀ sNbvXn-«pÅ dhyq k_vUn-hn-jpI-fpsS kÀtÆ sNbvXv dn¡mÀUnÂ DÄs¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xnv `q DS-a-ØÀ _Ô-s
¸« Xmeq¡v Xl-koÂZmÀ¡v 8-þmw ¼À t^md-¯nÂ At]£ sImSp-t¡--
Xm-Wv.
At]£ In«p¶ apdbv¡v Xmsg¸d-bp¶ nc¡nepÅ kÀsÆ NmÀÖv {Sj-dnbnÂ HSp¡v ckoXp lmP-cm-¡p-¶-Xnv
At]-£-Iv 9þmw ¼À t^md-¯nÂ tm«okv sImSp-t¡--
Xm-Wv.
k_vUn-hn-j³ kÀsÆ sNt¿dh
yq k_vUn-hn-j³ DÄs¡mp
hcp¶ kÀsÆ sNbvXn-«pÅ k_vUn-hn-j-sâtbm,
Entire Fieild BsW-¦nÂ Survey Fieild sâtbm hnkvXoÀ®w 40 Btdm AXnÂ Ipdthm BsW-¦nÂ 50 cq]bpw AXnÂ IqSp-
X-em-sW-¦nÂ ]n¶o-SpÅ Hmtcm 40 Bdnpw AXnsâ Awi-¯np 50 cq] F¶ {Ia-¯nepw kÀsÆ NmÀÖv CuSm-t¡--
Xm-Wv.-
kÀsÆ sN¿p-¶-Xnv _p²n-ap-«pÅ {]tZ-i-§-fnÂ taÂ¸-dª XpI aXn-bm-Im¯ kml-N-cy-¯nÂ PnÃm kÀtÆkq{]-n-sâ
AwKo-Im-c-t¯msS Bh-iy-amb XpI Xl-koÂZmÀ¡p nÝ-bn-¡mhp¶-XmWv. C§s nÝ-bn¨v HSp¡p¶ XpI, dn¡mÀUp-
IÄ jvS-s¸-«-Xp-sIm-tm
atä-sX-¦nepw Imc-W-¯mtem kÀsÆ sN¿³ km[n-¡msX h¶mÂ PnÃm If-IvS-dpsS Ap-hm-Z-t¯m-
SpIqSn At]-£-Iv Xncn¨v sImSp-¡m-hp-¶Xpw aäv GsXmcp Imc-W-¯mepw Xncn¨p sImSp-¡m³ ]mSn-Ãm-¯-Xpam-Ip-¶p.
9þmw ¼À t^md-¯nse tm«oknÂ ]d-ªn-cn-¡p¶ XpI nÝnX Xob-Xn-¡Iw {Sj-dn-bnÂ HSp-¡n ckoXv lmP-cm-
¡mXn-cp-¶mÂ At]£ nc-kn-¡m-hp-¶Xpw XpI AS¨v ckoXv lmP-cm-¡n-bmÂ At]£ cPn-ÌÀsNbvX tijw kÀsÆ
sN¿p-¶-Xnte¡v Xmeq¡v kÀtÆ-bÀ¡v sImSp-t¡--
Xp-am-Wv.
At]£ In«p¶ apdbv¡v Xmeq¡v kÀsÆ-bÀ At]-£I£n¡pw B Øe-¯np NpäapÅ `qD-S-a-ØÀ¡p 6þmw
¼À t^md-¯nÂ tm«okv sImSp¯ tijw tm«o-knÂ ]d-bp¶ XobXn Øe¯p lmP-cmbn At]£ {]Im-c-ap-ff Øew
DÄs¸«p hcp¶ kÀsÆ ôÂUnsâtbm k_vUn-hn-j-sâtbm AXnÀ¯n ap³ kÀsÆ dn¡mÀUnse Af-hp-I-f-p-k-cn¨v do^nIvkv
sNt¿-Xpw
]pXp-t¡--
Xmtbm tISp-]mSp XoÀt¡--
Xmtbm hcp¶ kÀtÆ AS-bmf-§Ä A{]-Imcw sNt¿--
Xp-am-Wv. AXn-
p-tijw do^nIvkv sNbvX kÀsÆ ôÂUntem k_vUn-hn-j-ntem DÄs¡mp
hcp¶ At]-£-{]-ImcapÅ Øew k_vUn-hn-j
³ kÀsÆ sNbvXv k_vUn-hn-j³ Sketch Dw Subdivision Statement Dw cp
{]Xn X¿m-dm¡n 6þmw ¼À t^md-¯nÂ I£n-
IÄ¡p sImSp¯ tm«o-knsâ {]Xnbpw kÀsÆ sNe-hp-IÄ¡pÅ _nÃ-pIÄ DÄs¸sS Xl-koÂZmÀ¡p kaÀ¸n-¡-Ww. Xl-koÂZmÀ
Subdivision Sketch Dw Subdivision Statement Dw kmt¦XnI ]cn-tim-[--bv¡mbn PnÃm kÀsÆ kq{]-n
v sImSp-t¡-
-
Xpam-Wv.
kÀsÆ ka-b¯v 6þmw ¼À t^md-¯nÂ ]d-ªn-«pÅ {]Imcw tPmen-¡m-scbpw kÀsÆ AS-bm-f-§fpw ÂIm³ At]-
£-I£n hnk-½-Xn-¨mÂ kÀ¡mÀ sNe-hnÂ B tPmen sNt¿-Xpw
Bb-Xnp sNe-hmb XpI Ic-¡p-Sn-ÈnI C-¯nÂ At]-
£-I-nÂ n¶pw CuSm-t¡--
Xp-am-Wv.
kÀsÆ ka-b-¯p-m-
Ip¶ `qDS-a-Ø³am-cpsS ]cm-Xn-IÄ Xl-koÂZmÀ Atz-jn¨p Xocp-am-nt¡-
Xm-Wv. kmt¦-Xn-
I-]-cn-tim-[ Ignªv AwKo-I-cn¨ dn¡mÀUp-IÄ e`n-¨-Xnp tijw kÀtÆ ]qÀ¯n-bmb hnh-c-¯nv 4þmw ¼À ^md-¯nÂ
_Ô-s¸« `qhp-S-a-ØÀ¡v tm«okv ÂtI-Xpw
AXp In«nb tijw ]cm-Xn-bpÅ GsXm-cmÄ¡pw 3 amk-¯n-Iw PnÃm kÀtÆ
kq{]-n
v A¸oÂ sImSp-¡m-hp-¶Xpw kÀtÆ kq{]v
A¸oÂ Atz-jn¨v Xocp-am-n-¨-tijw dn¡mÀUnÂ Fs´-¦nepw Xncp-
¯-ep-IÄ hcp-t¯--
Xp-s-
¦nÂ Ah hcp¯n dnsshkvUv dn¡mÀUp-IÄ X¿m-cm¡n Xl-koÂZmÀ aptJ hntÃ-Pm-ô-knÂ
Ab-¨p-sIm-Sp¯v AX-Xp-k-cn-¨pÅ amä-§Ä hntÃPv dn¡mÀUp-IfnÂ hcp-t¯--
Xp-am-Wv.

I£n-I-fpsS At]-£-{]-Imcw kÀsÆ sNbvXv kvsI¨v X¿mdm-¡n-bn-«pÅ `qan-I-fnÂ AXnÀ¯n-IÄ Af¶v IÃp-IÄ Øm]n-
¡p¶ hn[w (P.B. Case)
kÀsÆ sNbvXv kvvsI¨v X¿m-dm-¡n-bn-«pÅ `qan-I-fnÂ AXnÀ¯n-IÄ Af¶v IÃp-IÄ Øm]n-¡p-¶-Xnv AXmXv hkvXp
DS-a-Ø-·mÀ Xmeq¡v Xl-koÂZmÀ¡v ]¯mw ¼À ^md-¯n-Â At]£ sImSp-¡Ww. AXnÀ¯n H¶nv nÝnX nc-¡nÂ
ôkv CuSm-¡-Ww. Cu nc-¡nÂ IqSp-XÂ XpI CuSm-¡-W-sa¶ kμÀ`-§-fnÂ PnÃm-I-f-IvS-dpsS Ap-hm-Z-t¯m-Sp-IqSn IqSp-
XÂ XpI CuSm-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.
ôkv nÝ-bn¨v Xmeq¡v Xl-koÂZmÀ ]Xn-sm¶mw ¼À ^md-¯nÂ I£n-IÄ¡v tm«okv sImSp-¯-dn-bn-¡-Ww. I£n-
IÄ HSp-t¡XpI-
bpsS hnhcw AXnÂ ImWn-¨n-cn-t¡--
Xm-Wv. A{]-Imcw ôkv AS-¨p-I-gn-ªmÂ B At]£ kÀsÆ
tPmen-bv¡mbn kÀsÆ DtZym-K-Øv Ab-¨p-sIm-Sp-t¡--
Xm-Wv. ôkv HSp-¡p-¶-Xnv I£n hogvN hcp-¯p¶ ]£w At]£
XÅ-s¸-tS--
Xm-Wv.
kÀsÆ dn¡mÀUp-I-fpsS A`m-h-¯mtem yq-X-I-fmtem kÀsÆ tPmen-IÄ S-¯m³ km[n-¡msX h¶mÂ (PnÃmIf-
IvS-dpsS Ap-hm-Z-t¯msS) I£n HSp-¡nb XpI aS¡n sImSp-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. kÀsÆ tPmen XpS-§p-¶-Xn-p-ap-¼mbn kÀsÆ
DtZymK- -Ø³ 12þmw ¼À ^md-¯nÂ At]£ I£n¡pw AbÂI£nIÄ¡pw tm«okv sImSpt- ¡--
Xm-Wv. kÀsÆ tPmenbv¡p
thkÀsÆ
AS-bm-f-§Ä sImSp-¡pI, sse³ sXfn-bn-¡pI apX-emb tPmen-IÄ At]£ I£n sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-t¡--
Xm-Wv.
I£n- Cu hI tPmen-IÄ sN¿m¯ ]£w B ImcWw ImWn¨v kÀsÆ DtZym-K-Ø³ Hcp dnt¸mÀt«m-Sp-IqSn At]£ Xl-knÂZmÀ¡
v Ab-bvt¡-Xpw
B Imc-W-¯mÂ At]£ XÅ-s¸-Sm³ Imc-W-am-hp-Ibpw sN¿pw. At]£ XÅ-s¸-«mÂ I£n
HSp-¡nb XpI aS¡n sImSp-¡m-hp-¶-X-Ã.
I£n kÀsÆbv¡v thklmbw
sN¿p-¶-XnÂ hogvN hcp-¯n-bn-«ptm
F¶-XnÂ ]cmXn Ds-
¦nÂ Xl-koÂZmÀ
Atz-jn¨v Xocp-amw FSp-t¡-Xpw
B Xocp-amw Ah-km--t¯-Xp-am-Wv. kÀsÆ DtZym-K-Ø³ ap³ kÀsÆ dnt¡mÀUp-IÄ
Ap-k-cn¨v Af¶v AXnÀ¯n-IÄ Dd-¸n-t¡-Xpw
kÀsÆ AS-bm-f-§Ä ]pXp-t¡--
Xp-am-Wv. kÀsÆ tPmen-IÄ XoÀ¶mÂ Bh-iy-
amb dnt¸mÀ«p X¿m-dm¡n Xl-koÂZmÀ¡v kaÀ¸n-¡p-¶p. kÀsÆ tPmen-IÄ Ign-ªmÂ At]£ I£nbv¡pw _Ô-s¸«
I£n-IÄ¡pw Xl-koÂZmÀ nÝnX ^md-¯nÂ tm«okv sImSp-t¡--
Xp-am-Wv. kÀsÆ DtZym-K-Ø³ ]px-Øm-]n-¨-X-p-k-cn¨v
BÀs¡-¦nepw Bt£-]-apÅ ]£w taÂ ]dª tm«okv In«nb XobXn apXÂ 3 amk-¯n-Iw PnÃm kÀsÆ kq{]-n
v
At]£ t_m[n-¸n-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. A¸o-ep-s-
¦nÂ Xmeq-¡m-ô-knÂ n¶pw _Ô-s¸« ^bÂ hcp¯n I£nbv¡v tm«okv
sImSp¯ tijw kÀsÆ kq{]v
Øe¯v sN¶v ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-¶p. kÀsÆ kq{]v
]cmXn {]Imcw AXnÀ¯n ]cn-tim-[n¨v
FSp-¡p¶ Xocp-amw Ań-a-am-bn-cn-¡pw. Xocp-am-s¯ kw_-Ôn-¡p¶ hnhcw I£n-Isf tcJm-aqew Adn-bn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-
¶p.
A²ymbw þ 5
XntbmU- s- seäv kÀtÆ
slmdntkm-Â
BwKnfpw shÀ«n¡- Â BwKnfpw FSp-¡p¶- -Xn-p-]-tbmK- n-¡p¶ hne]- nS- n-¸pÅ Hcp D]-I-cW- -amWv
Xntbm-U-sse-äv.
hnhn[ Cw Xntbm-U-sseäpIÄ
1. Y ]mtä¬
2. Fh-dÌv U_nÄ BÀ¡v
3. {Sm³knäv
4. Smt¡m aoäÀ
5. ssat{Im-ao-äÀ
F¶n-§s ]e t]cp-I-fnepw Xntbm-U-sseäv Dv.
Un{Kn AS-bm-f-s¸-Sp-¯nb slmdn-tkm-Â
kÀ¡n-fnsâ Ub-ao-äÀ
B[m-c-am-¡n-bmWv Xntbm-U-sseäv Adn-b-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. DZm-l-cWw þ Hcp Xntbm-U-sse-änsâ slmdn-tkmÂ
kÀ¡n-fnsâ
Ub-ao-äÀ 5 C©v BsW-¦nÂ AXns 5 C©v Xntbm-U-sseäv F¶p ]d-bp-¶p. {Sm³knÌv Xntbm-U-sse-änsâ telescope
]qÀ®a- mbn Hcp duv
Xncn-¡m³ km[n-¡pw. F¶mÂ Everest Theodolite þÂ CXp km[ya- -Ã.

Xntbm-U-sse-änsâ {][m `mK-§Ä
1. {Snt¸mUv Ìmâpw AXnsâ tSm¸pw
2. ^p«vkv{Iq (seh- -enwKv kv{Iq)
3. {Sbmw-Kp-eÀ s{^bnw
4. skâdnwKv kwhn-[mw
5. temhÀ ¢m¼pw Sm³Pâpw
6. A¸À ¢m¼pw Sm³Pâpw
7. slmdn-tkm-Â
ehepw AXnsâ __nfpw
8. shÀ«n-¡Â eh-enw-Kn-pÅ ¢n¸v kv{Iq
9. shÀ«n-¡Â ¢m¼pw Sm³Pâpw
10. t^m¡-knwKv kv{Iq
11. anÂ slUUv kv{Iq
12. Ub{^w
13. Fbnw kv{Iq
14. slmdntkmÂ
en¼v, slmdn-tkm-Â
t¹äv, slmdn-tkmÂ
kÀ¡nÄ
15. shÀ«n-¡Â en¼v, shÀ«n-¡Â t¹äv, shÀ«n-¡Â kÀ¡nÄ
16. t{ImkvUv hbÀ
17. Hm_vPIvSv ¥mkv
18. sF ]okv
19. shÀ«n¡Â ehepw AXnsâ __nfpw
20. __nÄ dn^vf-IvSÀ/andÀ
21. slmdn-tkm-Â
BIvknkv
22. shÀ«n-¡Â BIvknkv
Xntbm-U-sse-än-tm-sSm¸w t_mIvknÂ ImWp¶ D]-I-c-W-§Ä
1. Plumb bob 2. Magnetic compass
3. Spare eye piece 4. Two screw drivers
5. Two steel pins 6. Brush
7. Two dark glass 8. Ray shade
9. Spare diaphrom 10. Spanner
XntbmU- -sseäv D]t- bmK- n-¡p-t¼mÄ {i²n-t¡kwK-
XnI- Ä
1. XntbmU- s- seä v t_mIvknÂ n¶pw shfnb- nÂ FSp¡- pt- ¼mÄ henb _ew {]tbmK- n¡- pI- tbm t_mIvknsâ ]mÀiz§-
fnÂ X«pI- tbm sN¿c- pX- v.
2. t_mIvkv Xpd¶p Xntbm-U-sseäv ]pd-s¯-Sp-¡p-¶-Xnp ap¼mbn AXnsâ s]mkn-j³ a-Ên-em-¡n-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
CXnsâ eye end þDw object endþDw hcp¶ `mK-§fpw faceþDw t_mIvknÂ AS-bm-f-s¸-Sp-¯-Ww. C³kv{S-saâv
XncnsI t_mIvknÂ hbv¡p-¶-Xnv Ch klm-b-I-c-am-bn-cn-¡pw.
3. t_mIvknÂ n¶pw XntbmU- s- seäv ]pdt- ¯¡v FSp¡- pt- ¼mgpw XncnsI hbv¡p-t¼mgpw temhÀ slmdntkm-
Â
t¹äntem Y’s tem ]nSn-¨n-cn-¡-Ww.
4. Xntbm-U-sseäv hfsc Pâ nÂ Bbn D]-tbm-Kn-t¡--
Xm-Wv. D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xn-p-ap¼v FÃm ¢m¼pIfpw eqkv
BsW¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯-Ww.
5. Hmtcm Xh-Wbpw H_vkÀth-j³ S-¯p-¶-Xn-p-ap-¼mbn FÃm Sm³Pâv kv{IqIfpw seh-enwKv kv{IqIfpw a²y-
`m-K-¯m-sW¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯-Ww.
6. Sm³Pâv kv{Iq bmsXmcp Imc-W-h-imepw hf-sc-b-[nIw Xncn-¡-cp-Xv. CXv amIvkn-a-¯nÂ F¯n B£³ CÃmsX
h¶mÂ ¢m¼v dneokv sNbvXv Sm³Pâv kv{Iq Xncn¨v AXnsâ a²y-`m-K¯psImp-
h-c-Ww.
7. ¢m¼nwKv kv{Iq hfsc IqSp-XÂ ssSäv sN¿m³ ]mSn-Ã.
8. H_vkÀth-j³ Ignªv tÌj-nÂ n¶p C³kv{S-saâv FSp-¡p-t¼mÄ Ìmânsâ kv{Iq apdp-¡n-bn-«ptm
F¶pw
^p«v kv{Iq a²y-¯n-emtWm F¶pw ]cntim[n-t¡--
Xm-Wv.
9. Hcn-¡epw Hmbn-Â CSm³ ]mSn-Ã.

10. XntbmU- s- seä- nsâ ]pd¯- pI- mW- p¶ FÃm `mK§- fpw ss{U Bbnc- n¡- W- w. {_jv D]t- bm-Kn¨v AXne- pÅ s]mSnIÄ
X«n-¡-f-b-Ww.
11. Bân t¢m¡vsshkv Bbn D]-I-cWw Xncn-¡p-hm³ ]mSn-Ã.
12. C³kv{S-saâv XncnsI s]«n-bnÂ hbv¡pt- ¼mÄ ¢m¼pI- Ä FÃmw eqkv BsW¶v Dd-¸ph- -cp¯- W- w.
13. Hmtcm {]mhiyw C³kv{S-saâv ssIam-dp-t¼mgpw 152þmw ¼À t^md-¯nÂ FIvkm-an-t-j³ dnt¸mÀ«v X¿m-dm-¡-
Ww.
Xntbm-U-sse-änsâ {Iao-I-c-W-§Ä
Xntbm-U-sse-änsâ {Iao-I-c-W-§Ä cp
hn[-¯n-ep-v.
1. XmXvIm-enI {Iao-I-cWw (Temporary adjustment)
2. Øncw {Iao-I-cWw (Permanent adjustment)
Hmtcm tÌj-nepw XntbmU- s- seäv D]-tbm-Kn¨v H_vkÀth-j³ S-¯p¶- -Xn-p-ap-¼mbn XmXv¡me- nI {Iao-I-c-W-
§Ä Bh-iy-am-Wv. F¶mÂ Øncw {Iao-I-c-Ww, ]pXnb C³kv{S-saâv D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-t¼mtgm sXäp-s
¶p a-Ên-em-¡p-t
¼mtgm BWv Bh-iy-ambn hcp-¶-Xv.
1. Xntbm-U-sse-änsâ XmXv¡m-enI {Iao-I-c-W-§Ä
XmXv¡m-enI {Iao-I-c-W-§Ä mep hn[-¯n-ep-v.
1. skâd- nwKv 2. slmdn-tkm-Â
eh-enwKv
3. shÀ«n¡- Â eh-enwKv 4. Zqscb- pÅ hkXv p¡- Ä t{ImkvU vhbd- nÂ sImp-
hc- nI- bpw ]mce- mIkv v
CÃmX- m¡- pI- bpw sN¿pI- .
hntÃPv AXnÀ¯n-bntem t»m¡v AXnÀ¯n-bntem
XntbmU- s- seä v tÌj³ Øm]n¡- pt- ¼mÄ {i²nt- ¡kwK-
XnI- Ä
1. Hmtcm tÌjpw Ign-hXpw hfsc AI-e-¯nÂ Øm]nt¡Xm-
Wv. tÌj-p-IÄ X½nÂ Xntbm-U-sseäv D]-tbm-
Kn¨v H_vkÀÆv sN¿m³ ]mI-¯n-em-bn-cn-¡-Ww. cp
tÌj-p-IÄ X½n-epÅ Zqcw Ign-hXpw 200 aoä-dnpw 400 aoä-dn
pw CS-bn-em-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
2. {Smthgvkv ssenÂ n¶v Hm^vskäv FSp-t¡kμÀ`
§fnÂ Hm^vskäv Zqcw 60 aoä-dnÂ IqSm³ ]mSn-Ã.
3. Ignb- p¶- nS- t- ¯mfw FÃm tÌj- pI- fpw _ud-
nb- ne- mbncn¡Ww Øm]nt- ¡-
X- .v
4. Xntbm-U-sseäv Øm]n-¡m³ ]än-bXpw ehÂ Bb-Xp-amb Øe-¯m-bn-cn-¡Ww tÌj³ Øm]n-t¡--
Xv.
5. Zn, ImbÂ, tdmUv F¶n-h-bpsS hi-§-fnÂIqSn UoamÀt¡äv sN¿p-t¼mÄ IÃpIÄ kpc-£n-X-amb Øm-§-fnÂ
m«-Ww.
6. IÃp-I-fpsS Ømw ]md-¸p-d¯p hcn-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ ]md amÀ¡v sIm¯n Xntbm-U-sseäv tÌj-mbn D]-tbm-Kn-¡m-hp-
¶-Xm-Wv.
7. Zn, ImbÂ F¶nh- -bpsS hi-§f- nÂ¡qSn hntÃPv _udn
UoamÀt¡äv sN¿pt- ¼mÄ IÃp-IÄ 10 aoädnÂ Ihnbm¯
Zqc-¯nÂ kpc-£n-X-amb Øm-§-fnÂ mt«-Xpw
Zn-bpsS a²y-`mKw AXnÀ¯n-bmbn ]cn-K-Wn-t¡--
Xp-am-Wv.
8. dnkÀÆvUv t^mdÌ- nsâ AXnÀ¯n hntÃPv AXnÀ¯n-bmbn hcpt- ¼mÄ P-
IÄ¡p kao-]-¯mbn IÃp-IÄ Øm]n-t¡-
-
Xm-Wv.
9. hntÃPv/t»m¡v _udn
tdmUnÂ¡qSn hcn-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ Ign-hXpw tdmUnsâ Hcp hi-¯p-IqSn kÀtÆ sNt¿--
Xm-Wv.
10. Hmtcm tÌjpw 1/3 `mKw a®np apI-fnÂ ImW-¯-¡-hn[w ¶mbn Dd-¸n-t¡--
Xm-Wv.

Xntbm-U-sseäv D]-tbm-Kn¨v kÀsh sN¿p¶ hn[w
kÀsÆ sNt¿Øe-
s¯-¸än kÀsh-bÀ¡v Hcp [mcW Dm-
bn-cn-t¡--
Xv AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. CXn-mbn kÀsh
sNt¿Øew
Npän S¶p ImWW- w. CXns s]cm¼- p-te-j³ F¶p ]db- p¶- p. AXnp tijw AXnÀ¯n-bnÂ ImWp¶
ImSp-Ifpw aäpw XS-Ê§fpw o¡w sNbvXv ]c-kv]cw ImWm-hp¶ Zqc-¯nÂ AXnÀ¯n IW-¡m¡n IÃp-IÄ Øm]n-¡-
Ww. C§s AXnÀ¯n-I-fnÂ Øm]n-¡p¶ FÃm IÃp-Ifpw Xntbm-U-sseäv IÃp-IÄ BI-W-sa-¶n-Ã. A¯cw IÃp-
IÄ¡v {Smthgvkv ssenÂ n¶v Hm^vskäv FSp¯v ôÂUp _p¡nÂ tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯-Ww. Hm^vskäv Zqcw 60 aoä-dnÂ
Ihn-b-cp-sX¶pam{Xw. ]pXp-Xmbn Hcp {Smthgvkv kÀsh XpS-§p-t¼mÄ ap¼v kÀsh sNbvXp Øm]n-¨n-«pÅ {Smthgvkv
ssepa- mbn _Ôn¸- n¨v XpSt- §-Xpw
Ah-km- n-¸n-t¡-X-
p-amW- v. PwKvj³ t]mbnânÂ hcp¶ FÃm ssep-Ifpw Af-
¡p-¶-tXm-sSm¸w Ah-bpsS tImWp-Ifpw {]tXyIw FSp-¯n-cn-¡-Ww. kÀsÆ sN¿p¶ ôÂUv FÃm-bvt¸mgpw kÀsh-bdpsS
CS-Xp-h-i-¯m-bn-cn-¡-Ww. F¶mÂ am{Xta Bć tIm¬ e`n-¡p-I-bp-Åq. C{]-Imcw FSp-¡p¶ tImW-f-hp-
Ifpw Hm^vskäv Af-hp-Ifpw ôÂUp _p¡nÂ tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯-Ww. IqSmsX kÀsÆ Bcw-`n¨ tÌj-sâbpw kÀsh Ah-km-
n¸- n¨ tÌjs- âbpw tImW-f-hpI- fpw ssepI- -fpsS ofhpw ôÂUv _p¡nÂ Bcw-`-¯nepw Ahk- m- -¯nepw tcJ-s
¸-Sp¯n kÀsÆ-bÀ H¸p hbvt¡-Xpw
Hmtcm Znh-k-t¯bpw tPmen-IÄ Xncn-¨-dn-bp-¶-Xn-p-thn
XobXn h¨v AXmXp
Znh-k-§-fnÂ kÀsÆ-bÀ Cn-jyÂ sNt¿-X-
p-amW- v. ôÂUnÂ n¶pw Af-s¶-Sp¯ tImWpI- fpw Zqc-§fpw h¨p-sImv
t{]m{Sm-IvSdnsâ klm-b-¯mÂ Hcp ‘_n’ kvsI¨pw hc¨p X¿m-dm-t¡--
Xm-Wv.
ôÂUv _p¡v X¿m-dm-¡p¶ hn[w
Xntbm-Us- seäv kÀsÆ ka-b¯v ôÂUnÂ n¶pw FSp-¡p¶ tImWf- -hpI- fpw ssef- -hpI- fpw A¸t- ¸mÄ Xs¶
ôÂUp _p¡nÂ s]³knÂ sIms-
gp-X-Ww. s]³knÂ sImsgpXp
¶Xv ajn-bnÂ hopw
Fgp-Xp-¶-Xnv Hmtcm
sse³ hntS-
-XmW- v. XpS-¡-¯n-tebpw Ahk- m- n¡- p¶ PMvj-pI- -fn-tebpw CS-bv¡pÅ PMvj- pI- -fn-tebpw tImWf- -hp-
Ifpw Zqchpw hc¨- p-ImW- n¨v bYmØ- -e-§-fnÂ Fgp-X-Ww. CSbv¡v PMvj- pI- Ä hcp-s¶¦- nÂ AXnsâ hnh-c-§fpw
ôÂUv-_p-¡nÂ ImWn¡- -Ww. ôÂUp_- p¡- nsâ XpS-¡¯- nepw HSp-¡¯- nepw kÀsÆ-bÀ H¸p-hbvt¡-Xpw
HmtcmZ- nh- -
k-s¯bpw tPmen-IÄ AX-Xp-Zn-hkw kÀsÆ-bÀ XobXn h¨v C³jyÂ sNt¿--
Xp-am-Wv. ôÂUp-_p-¡nsâ IhÀt]-
Pnepw BZy-t]-Pnepw Xmsg-¸-d-bp¶ hnh-c-§Ä Dm-
bn-cn-¡Ww:
1. _p¡v ¼À
2. PnÃ
3. Xmeq¡v
4. hntÃPv
5. kÀtÆ ¼À
6. tPmen-bpsS kz`mhw (do-^n-IvknMv / ]pXnb {Smthgvkv)
7. D]-tbmK- n¨ XntbmU- sv- seäv
8. tPmen Bcw-`n¨ Znhkw
9. tPmen Ah-km-n¨ Znhkw
10. kÀsÆ-b-dpsS t]cv, H¸v
Nne ASnØ- m hnhc- §- Ä
ssaÀ kÀIyq«v: sNbn³ kÀsÆ sN¿m³ km[n-¡m-¯-hn[w 4 slIvS-dnÂ¡q-Sp-XÂ hnkvXoÀ®w hcp¶ Øe-§Ä,
hnkvXoÀ®-¯nÂ Ipd-hmb ]md-s¡-«p-IÄ, ImbÂ, Ip¶n³{]-tZ-i-§Ä apX-em-bh IrXy-X-bv¡p-thn
Xntbm-U-sseäv
sImv
Npä-XnÀ¯n-IÄ kÀsÆ sN¿p-¶p. C¯cw `qhn-`m-K-§sf ssaÀ kÀIyq«v F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.
sabn³ kÀIyq«:v Hcp Xmeq¡v kÀsÆ sN¿m-sS- p¡- pt- ¼mÄ AXns 150 apXÂ 200 hsc kvIzbÀ Intem aoäÀ hnkvXoÀ®-
apÅ kÀIyq-«p-IÄ B¡p-¶p. C¯cw kÀIyq-«p-Isf Pn.än tÌj-p-I-fp-ambn _Ôn-¸n-¡p-¶p. Hcp sabn³ kÀIyq-«nÂ
Hcp Pn.än tÌj³ apXÂ ASp¯ Pn.än tÌj³ hsc-bpÅ _u-
dnsb sabn³ sse³ F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.
CâÀs]mfm-täUv tÌj³: Hdn-Pn-Â kÀsh ka-b¯v Øm]n-¨n-«pÅ tÌj-nÂ n¶pw ]pXp-Xmbn Hcp {Smthgvkv sse³
XpS-§mtm Ah-km- n-¸n-¡mtm Ign-bm-sXbpw XS-Êwa- qew ]c-kv]cw ImWm³ Ign-bm-sXbpw hcp¶ kμÀ`-§-fnÂ Hdn-
Pn-Â ûdn
ssenÂ ]pXp-Xmbn Hcp sse³ t]mbnâv ^nIvkv sN¿p-¶p. C¯-c-¯nÂ ]pXp-Xmbn GÀs¸-Sp-¯p¶
tÌjs CâÀs]m-fm-täUv tÌj³ F¶p ]d-bp¶p.

IUm-kv{SÂ kÀsÆ (dhyq kÀsÆ): dhyq `c-W-¯nsâ Bh-iy-¯n-te-¡p-thn
hkvXp¡sf Ah-bpsS ssIh-im-p-`-h-a-
p-k-cn¨v AXnÀ¯n Xncn¨v kÀsh sNbvX v hnkvXoÀ®w IW-¡m¡n Icw nÝb- n¡- p¶- -Xnt- e¡pw aäpw DÅ Bh-iy-¯n-te-¡
mbn S-¯p¶ kÀsÆsb dhyq kÀsh/IUm-kv{SÂ kÀsÆ F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.
Pntbm-U-änIv kÀsÆ: `qan Hcp tKmf-amW- v. F¶mÂ sNbn³, ¹bn³ tS_nÄ, {Smthgvkv XpS-§nb kÀsÆ tPmen-IÄ¡v `qan
]c-¶-XmWv F¶ XXz-amWv kzoI-cn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. `qan-bpsS hen¸-hp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s¸-Sp-¯p-t¼mÄ taÂ {]kvXm-hn¨Xcw
kÀsÆ tPmen-IÄ Xptemw sNdp-Xm-Wv. Bb-Xn-mÂ `qan-bpsS IÀhvUv tj¸v ¹mns _m[n-¡p-¶n-Ã.
F¶mÂ henb cmPy-§-fpsS `q]Sw X¿m-dm-¡p-t¼mÄ taÂ¸-dª XXzw kzoIm-cy-a-Ãm-Xm-Ip-¶p. At¸mÄ `qan-bpsS tKmfm-
IrXn IW-¡n-se-Sp-t¡-n-
bn-cn-¡p-¶p. C¯-c-¯nÂ `qan-bpsS tKmfm-IrXn IqSn IW-¡n-se-Sp¯v kÀsh sN¿p-¶-Xns Pntbm-sU-
änIv kÀsÆ F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.
Cu kÀsÆ {]Imcw Hcp {]tZ-i-¯nsâ hnkvXoÀ®w IrXy-ambn FSp-¡m³ Ign-bp-I-bn-Ã. Pntbm-sU-änIv kÀsÆ-bnÂ
[mcmfw t]mbnâp-IÄ nÝ-bn-¡p-¶p. C¯cw t]mbnâp-Isf ss{Sbm³Kp-te-j³ tÌj³ F¶p ]d-bp-¶p. Ch-bpsS bYmÀ°
Øm-§fpw ]c-kv]cw _Ô-§fpw IrXy-X-tbmsS Ip-]
n-Sn-¡p-¶-Xn-p-thn
C¯cw tÌj-p-Isf _Ô-s¸-Sp¯n {Sbmw-Kp-te-
j³ kÀsÆ S-¯p-¶p. CXns {SnKvtmsa{Sn-¡Â kÀsÆ AYhm ss{Sbmw-Kp-te-j³ kÀsÆ F¶p ]d-bp-¶p.
k_vsÌ³kv _mÀ
hfsc Ing¡mw Xq¡mb Øe-§-fnepw Xntbm-U-sseäv D]-tbm-Kn¨v {Sbmw-Kp-te-j³ S¯n Zqcw Ip-]
n-Sn-¡m³ Ign-bm
¯hn[w t_bvkv sebn³ hbv¡m³ Ign-bm¯ hn[-¯n-epÅ Øe-§-fnepw Xntbm-U-sseäv IÃp-IÄ X½n-epÅ AIew IW-
¡p-hgn Ip-]
n-Sn-¡p-¶-Xn-p-]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ D]-I-c-W-amWv k_vsÌ³kv _mÀ skâ-dnwKv S-¯m-pÅ kuI-cy-t¯m-Sp-IqSn
Hcp ap¡men ÌmânÂ LSn¸n-¨n-«p-ÅXpw nÝnX of¯- ne- pÅ- X- p-amb k_vsÌ³kv _mÀ Hcp tÌj-nepw Xntbm-Us- seä- v, ASp¯
tÌj-nepw skäv sNbvX-tijw Xntbm-U-sse-änÂ¡qSn k_vsÌ³kv _mdnsâ Ccp hi-§fpw nco-£n¨v tImW-fhv IrXy-ambn
FSp-¡-Ww. C{]-Imcw e`n-¡p¶ tImW-fhpw k_vsÌ³kv _mdnsâ ofhpw h¨p-sImv
ss{Sbmw-Kp-tm-sa-{Sn-¡Â t^mÀape
{]Imcw tÌj-p-IÄ X½n-epÅ Zqcw Ip-]
n-Sn-¡mw.
shÀn-bÀ kvsIbnÂ
Hcp sabn³ kvsIbn-ensâ Hmtcm Unhn-jpw AXnsâ `mK-§fpw AXn kq£va-ambn hmbn-¡p-¶-Xn-p-thn
X¿m-dm-¡n-bn-
cn-¡p¶ kvsIbnÂ BWv shÀn-bÀ kvsIbnÂ
Prismatic Compass
`mcw Ipd-ªXpw sImp
S-¡m³ kuI-cy-{]-Z-hp-amb Cu D]-I-cWw 1814 Â Captain Henry Kater BWv Ip-]
n-Sn-¨-
Xv.
Refixing of missing theodolite survey stones
Original SurveybnÂ Øm]n¨ XntbmUsseäv tÌjpIÄ ImWmXmbmÂ HdnPnÂ kÀsÆ dn¡mÀUv D]-tbm-Kn¨v Ah
bYm-Øm-¯p Øm]n-¡p¶ {]{In-b-bmWv Traverse station refixing.
Traverse station refix sN¿p¶Xnv original record Ifmb field book, sketch, village map F¶nh BhiyamWv.
Refixing tPmen Hcp Traverse station-Â n¶v Bcw`n¨v asämcp Traverse station -Â Ahkmn¸nt¡XmWv.
Ahkmn¸n¡p¶ station- Â hcp¶ accumulated error FÃm station Ifnepw Xpeyambn hoXn¨pÂIWw. sXäpIÄ Xpeyambn
hoXn¡pt¼mÄ ssefhpIfnÂ FdÀ adjust sNt¿Xpw
tImWfhpIfnÂ amäw hcp¯m³ ]mSnÃm¯XpamWv. tImWfhpIfnÂ
correction sImSp¡pIbmsW¦nÂ Xs¶ aq¶p annänp apIfnÂ Hcp station-Â sImSp¡m³ ]mSnÃ.
AphZobamb sXäpIÄ (allowable errors)
20 aoätdm AXnÂ Ipdthm DÅ Zqc¯nv þ 2 sUkoaoäÀ
20 aoäÀ apXÂ 100 aoäÀ hsc þ 4sUko aoäÀ
100 aoädnÂ IqSpXÂ hcp¶ Zqc¯nv þ 100aoädnp apIfnÂ hcp¶ Hmtcm 50 aoädnpw 2 deci
F¶ {Ia¯nÂ.
do^nIvknwKv tPmen ]qÀ¯nbm¡nbtijw kÀsÆbÀ refixing sketch-Dw refixing field book Dw X¿mdm¡Ww.

1. Hcp ka`- pP- {-Xnt- ImWw nÀ½n¨ vXSÊ- s- ¸« {Smthgkv v tÌj³ do^nIkv v sN¿p¶ hn[w
600
B Station-Â XntbmUsseäv fix sNbvXv Xmev¡menI {IaoIcW§Ä S¯pI. Theodolite - sâ enw_nÂ Lower clap-
Dw D]tbmKn¨v 00 hcp¯pI. ‘A’ Station interest sNbvXtijw telescope clockwise direction - Â Xncn¨v 1850. 1000-Â
sImphcpI.
(125.10.00 + 600 = 185010‘00’). Cu BwKnÄ hcp¶ Ubd£nÂ 40.0m Af¶v E F¶ point ImWpI.
AXnptijw ntbmUsseäv E F¶ point-Â set sNbvXv XmXv¡menI {IaoIcW§Ä S¯n enw_nÂ O0 hbv¡pI. ‘B’
station lower clamp-Dw target-Dw D]tbmKn¨v interest sNbvXv, telescope 600 bnÂ Xncn¨v B Ubd£nÂ 40.0 aoäÀ Af¶p
hbv¡pI CXmbncn¡pw jvSs¸« C F¶ IÃnsâ Ømw.
2. ZoÀL-N-Xpcw nÀ½n¨v do^nIvkv sN¿p¶ hn[w
Traverse line ABCD bnÂ A, B, D F¶nh `qanbnÂ Dmbncn¡
pIbpw C F¶ Point-se IÃv jvSs¸«ncn¡pIbpw
BC line Hcp hoSnmÂ XSÊs¸«nc¡pIbpw sNbvXmÂ jvSs¸« XntbmUsseäv tÌm¬ Hcp ZoÀLNXpcw nÀ½n¨v
]pxØm]n¡p¶Xnv XntbmUsseäv BZyambn B F¶ tÌjnÂ fix sNbvXv Xmev¡menI {IaoIcW§Ä ]qÀ¯nbm¡pI.
AXnptijw lower clamp-Dw tangent -Dw D]tbmKn¨v Horizontal limb-Â ‘0’ degree set sN¿pI.
Lower clampD- w tangent-Dw D]tbmKn¨v A station intersect sNbvXv telescope clock wise direction-Â Xncn¨v 215010’00"
hcp¶ ZnibnÂ (1250.10S00T+900) kuIcy{]Zamb Zqcw (20.0m) Af¶p h¨v point F ImWpI. AXnptijw F F¶ tÌjnÂ
theodolite fix sNbvXv XmXv¡menI {IaoIcW§Ä S¯pI. Lower clamp-Dw tangent-Dw D]tbmKn¨v B station interest
sN¿pI. clockwise direction -Â telescope Xncn¨v 900 hcp¯pI. B ssenÂ 40.0 aoäÀ (BC line - sâ ofw) Af¶ph¨v
point E mark sN¿pI. A´cw E F¶ station -Â XntbmUsseäv fix sNbvXv XmXv¡menI {IaoIcWw S¯pI. O0 set
sNbvXtijw lower clamp-Dw tangent-Dw D]tbmKn¨v back station intersect sNbvXv telescope 900 Xncn¨v B ssenÂ
20.0 aoäÀ Af¶ph¨v Hcp point ImWpI CXmbncn¡pw jvSs¸« C F¶p ]cntim[n¡p¶Xnv DCE F¶ BwKnÄ FSp¡pI.
Cu BwKnÄ 3600- (1860 15’00" + 900) = 3600 - 2760 15’00’ = 83045’00" Bbncn¡pw.
3. H»nIv {Sbm-¦nÄ D]-tbm-Kn¨v do^nIvkv sN¿p¶ hn[w
120.08.00
A
B
125.10.00
40.0
C
D
40.0
600
40.0
186.15.00
---missing
600
A 125.10.00 B
40.0
C
D
40.0
186.15.00
---missing
8.0
8.0
A B
40.0
C
81.18.00 D
32.0
255.10.00
---missing
E

212.21.20
---missing
LABE = 206028’00" (Observed angle)
LABC = 125010’00" (Recorded angle)
LCBE = 81018’00"
BC = 40.0 (Recorded distance)
BE = 32.0 (Measured distance)
Traverse line ABCD bnÂ A,B,D F¶o tÌjpIÄ `qanbnepv.
C- station missing BWv.
C station HdnPnÂ AfhpIÄ h¨v do^nIvkv sN¿p¶Xnv B Station-Dw C Station - sâ GItZi point -Dw
ImW¯¡hn[w E F¶ point ImWpI. BE, CE F¶nh Af¡phm³ Ignbp¶Xmbncn¡Ww. XntbmUsseäv ‘B’tÌjpIÄ
h¨v XmXv¡menI {IaoIcW§Ä sN¿pI. Back Station A intersect sNbvXv repetition coXnbnÂ LABE FSp¡pI. BE Zqcw
Af¡pI. Ct¸mÄ FSp¯ LABE (2060.28’.00") bnÂ n¶v recorded angle 1250.10.00" Ipdbv¡pI. At¸mÄ
81018’00"In«pw. Triabgle CBE bnÂ n¶v BC, BE, LCBE F¶nh e`n¨n«pv.
LBEC, LECB F¶nhbpw EC Zqchpw
solution of triangle D]tbmKn¨v Ip]
nSn¡mw. E tÌjnÂ XntbmUsseäv Øm]n¨v XmXv¡menI {IaoIcW§Ä sNbvXtijw
Horizontal limb-Â zero degree set sNbvXv lower clamp-bpw tangent -Â D]tbmKn¨v B Station intersect sN¿pI.
Telescope clockwise direction-Â Xncn¨v BZyw IW¡phgn Ip]
nSn¨ BCE angle -sâ ZnibnÂ IW¡phgn Ip]
nSn¨
EC Zqcw Af¶ph¨v C F¶ point ImWpI. CXmbncn¡pw jvSs¸« IÃnsâ Ømw.
4. XpSÀ¨b- mb cp
IÃpI- Ä ImWmX- mh- pI- bpw ssepI- Ä ]ck- ]v cw ImWm³ km[n¡- msX hcpI- bpw sNbXv mÂ
B IÃpI- Ä do^nIkv v sN¿p¶ hn[w
A
120.08.00
B
LFBA = 105.25.00 (Observed angle)
LABC = 125.10.00 (Recorded angle)
LCBF = 129.25.00 (360-(105.25.00 + 125.10.00)
BC = 40.0 (Recorded angle)
BF = 31.4(Measured distance)
Traverse line ABCDE -bnÂ Station A, B, E F¶nh `qanbnÂ Dv.
Station Cbpw Dbpw missing BWv. Traverse line BC
bpw sI«nS§fmÂ XSÊs¸«ncn¡p¶p. Original field Book D]tbmKn¨v station C-bpw Station D-bpw refix sN¿p¶Xnv
XntbmUsseäv B F¶ tÌjnÂ Øm]n¨ tijw XmXv¡menI {IaoIcW§Ä S¯pI.
Reception methodÂ- LFBA ImWpI. CX v 1050 25’00"BsW¶ncn¡s«. Ct¸mÄ {SbmwKnÄ BCF-bnÂ LB, IW¡pIÄ)
Ip]
nSn¡mw. BF Zqcw Af¡pI. {XntImWw BCF-Â BC, (recorded measurement) BF, (measured distance) DÄt¡m¬
B F¶nh Adnbmhp¶XnmÂ _m¡nbpÅ tIm¬ F, tIm¬ C, Zqcw CF F¶nh IW¡phgn Ip]
nSn¡mw.
XntbmUsseäv ]pXpXmbn Øm]n¨ F F¶ tÌjnÂ Øm]n¨v XmXv¡menI {IaoIcW§Ä S¯nbtijw IW¡phgn
Ip]
nSn¨ LBFC bpw FC Zqchpw `qanbnÂ Af¶p hbv¡pI. CXmbncn¡pw jvSs¸« C F¶ IÃnsâ Ømw.
AXpt]mse {XntImWw CDF-Â aq¶v AfhpIÄ In«nbn«pv.
(CD - recorded measurement, CF - IW¡phgn
Ip]
nSn¨ Zqcw, DÄt¡m¬ DCF = 360 - (1860 15’00" + IW¡phgn Ip]
nSn¨ BwKnÄ FCB)]. Cu AfhpIÄ h¨psImv
LCFD, LFDC, distance FD F¶nh IW¡phgn Ip]
nSn¡mw. B AfhpIÄ `qanbnÂ Af¶p h¨v ImWmXmb ‘D’F¶
tÌjsâ Ømw Ip]
nSn¡mw.
40.0
C
D
31.4
---missing
E
F

ILDM KERALA- NLRMP Revenue notes.

ILDM KERALA- NLRMP Revenue notes.

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