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Progetto e realizzazione di un
   kernel Linux per il controllo
   dinamico degli stimatori di
          perdita in TCP

Chiar.mo Prof.         Laureando
Alberto Bartoli     Myrteza Kertusha
Indice
•   Contesto
•   Motivazione
•   Soluzione proposta
•   Benchmark
•   Esperimenti
•   Conclusioni
Indice
• Contesto
Contesto ..
• TCP: protocollo
                                          Mittente       Ricevente
  affidabile
  • dati inviati vengono                             …
    confermati dal ricevente            seg X
                               RTT                            ACK seg X

                                     seg X + 1
                                                              ACK seg X + 1

                                     seg X + 2
                                                              ACK seg X + 2




                                                     …
.. Contesto ..
• Perdita: dati inviati
  • allo scadere di RTO dati               Mittente       Ricevente


    inviati di nuovo
                                                      …
                                          seg X
                                 RTT                           ACK seg X

                                       seg X + 1


                               RTO


                                       seg X + 1
                                                               ACK seg X + 1



                                                      …
.. Contesto ..
• Perdita: ack dati
  • allo scadere di RTO dati
                                           Mittente       Ricevente


    inviati di nuovo                                  …
                                          seg X
                                 RTT                           ACK seg X

                                       seg X + 1
                                                               ACK seg X + 1

                               RTO


                                       seg X + 1
                                                               ACK seg X + 1



                                                      …
.. Contesto
• Calcolo RTO importante
  • RTO eccessivamente bassa
     • consumo superfluo di risorse
  • RTO eccessivamente alta
     • ritardi eccessivi
Indice


• Motivazione
Motivazione ..
• Formula calcolo RTO per un uso molto generico
  • In contesti particolari, formule alternative possono
    risultare migliori




• Necessità di poter modificare la formula RTO
.. Motivazione
• Difficoltà
   • Formula RTO integrata nel kernel
• Funzionalità mancanti
   • Formula RTO unica per l’intero sistema
   • Non è possibile associare una specifica formula
     RTO ad una specifica connessione TCP
Indice



• Soluzione proposta
Soluzione proposta ..
• Infrastruttura per sperimentare formule
  alternative, anche calibrate su workload
  specifici
.. Soluzione proposta
• Implementare la formula RTO nella forma di un
  modulo kernel
• Associare specifica formula RTO a specifica
  connessione TCP
• Registrazione dei valori RTO, RTT relativi ad una
  connessione TCP
  • ulteriore strumento d’analisi
Formula: utilizzo
• Funzioni modulo kernel
  • init
  • release
  • set_rto
• Aggiungere/rimuovere
  • insmod/rmmod formula_x.ko
• Ioctl socket
  • associare una formula ad una connessione
Registrazione RTO, RTT: utilizzo
• Apertura device
• Specifica della connessione i cui valori RTO,
  RTT registrare
• Implementazione callback per il prelievo dei
  valori RTO, RTT registrati
Indice




• Benchmark
Benchmark
• Verificato sperimentalmente che l’impatto sulle
  prestazioni del kernel dovuto a:
  • modifiche apportate al kernel
  • sessione di registrazione
  è trascurabile
Indice




• Esperimenti
Esperimenti

• RTOi = (RTTi * α) + (RTTi-1 * β) + (RTTi-2 * γ) + (RTOi-1 * θ)

   Ambiente di test
RTOi = RTTi + (RTTi-1 / 2) + (RTTi-2 / 4) + (RTOi-1 / 2)
RTOi = RTTi + (RTTi-1 / 4) + (RTTi-2 / 8) + (RTOi-1 / 8)
RTOi = RTTi + RTTi-1 + (RTTi-2 / 2) + (RTOi-1 / 2)
Indice




• Conclusioni
Conclusione
• Modificare formula calcolo RTO
• Associare formula RTO a connessione TCP
• Registrazione dei valori RTO, RTT relativi ad una
  connessione TCP
Grazie per l’attenzione
• Domande ?

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Progetto e realizzazione di un kernel linux per il controllo dinamico degli stimatori di perdita in tcp

  • 1. Progetto e realizzazione di un kernel Linux per il controllo dinamico degli stimatori di perdita in TCP Chiar.mo Prof. Laureando Alberto Bartoli Myrteza Kertusha
  • 2. Indice • Contesto • Motivazione • Soluzione proposta • Benchmark • Esperimenti • Conclusioni
  • 4. Contesto .. • TCP: protocollo Mittente Ricevente affidabile • dati inviati vengono … confermati dal ricevente seg X RTT ACK seg X seg X + 1 ACK seg X + 1 seg X + 2 ACK seg X + 2 …
  • 5. .. Contesto .. • Perdita: dati inviati • allo scadere di RTO dati Mittente Ricevente inviati di nuovo … seg X RTT ACK seg X seg X + 1 RTO seg X + 1 ACK seg X + 1 …
  • 6. .. Contesto .. • Perdita: ack dati • allo scadere di RTO dati Mittente Ricevente inviati di nuovo … seg X RTT ACK seg X seg X + 1 ACK seg X + 1 RTO seg X + 1 ACK seg X + 1 …
  • 7. .. Contesto • Calcolo RTO importante • RTO eccessivamente bassa • consumo superfluo di risorse • RTO eccessivamente alta • ritardi eccessivi
  • 9. Motivazione .. • Formula calcolo RTO per un uso molto generico • In contesti particolari, formule alternative possono risultare migliori • Necessità di poter modificare la formula RTO
  • 10. .. Motivazione • Difficoltà • Formula RTO integrata nel kernel • Funzionalità mancanti • Formula RTO unica per l’intero sistema • Non è possibile associare una specifica formula RTO ad una specifica connessione TCP
  • 12. Soluzione proposta .. • Infrastruttura per sperimentare formule alternative, anche calibrate su workload specifici
  • 13. .. Soluzione proposta • Implementare la formula RTO nella forma di un modulo kernel • Associare specifica formula RTO a specifica connessione TCP • Registrazione dei valori RTO, RTT relativi ad una connessione TCP • ulteriore strumento d’analisi
  • 14. Formula: utilizzo • Funzioni modulo kernel • init • release • set_rto • Aggiungere/rimuovere • insmod/rmmod formula_x.ko • Ioctl socket • associare una formula ad una connessione
  • 15. Registrazione RTO, RTT: utilizzo • Apertura device • Specifica della connessione i cui valori RTO, RTT registrare • Implementazione callback per il prelievo dei valori RTO, RTT registrati
  • 17. Benchmark • Verificato sperimentalmente che l’impatto sulle prestazioni del kernel dovuto a: • modifiche apportate al kernel • sessione di registrazione è trascurabile
  • 19. Esperimenti • RTOi = (RTTi * α) + (RTTi-1 * β) + (RTTi-2 * γ) + (RTOi-1 * θ) Ambiente di test
  • 20. RTOi = RTTi + (RTTi-1 / 2) + (RTTi-2 / 4) + (RTOi-1 / 2)
  • 21. RTOi = RTTi + (RTTi-1 / 4) + (RTTi-2 / 8) + (RTOi-1 / 8)
  • 22. RTOi = RTTi + RTTi-1 + (RTTi-2 / 2) + (RTOi-1 / 2)
  • 24. Conclusione • Modificare formula calcolo RTO • Associare formula RTO a connessione TCP • Registrazione dei valori RTO, RTT relativi ad una connessione TCP