1. Fundamentals of Computers
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2. Objective
On completion of this period, you would be able
to learn
 Organization of a Digital Computer
 Components of a computer
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3. Prerequisites
What is a computer?
Computer is an electronic data processing
machine
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4. Computer ? (Cont..)
 An electronic device
 which accepts input, processes it, and gives the
result as output
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5. Operations of a Computer ?
Accepts the input data
 Processes the data
Produces the information as output
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6. COMPUTER SYSTEM
monitor
monitor
Keyboar
Keyboar
dd
mous
mous
ee
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7. A Complete Computer System consists of:
Hardware - Physical components of a
computer.
Software - Set of programs.
Data - Set of facts.
User - A person who works on a
computer.
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8. HARDWARE
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9. Software (C – Program):
1 /* Gioe.c
2 Class average program with
3 counter-controlled repetition */
4 #include <stdio.h>
5
6 int main()
7 {
8 int counter, grade, total, average;
9
10 /* initialization phase */
11 total = 0;
12 counter = 1;
13
14 /* processing phase */
15 while ( counter <= 10 ) {
16 printf( "Enter grade: " );
17 scanf( "%d", &grade );
18 total = total + grade;
19 counter = counter + 1;
20 }
21
22 /* termination phase */
23 average = total / 10;
24 printf( "Class average is %dn", average );
25
26 return 0; /* http://improvec.blogspot.in/ successfully */
indicate program ended 9
27 }

10. Components of computer system
 Input unit
 Memory unit
 ALU (Arithmetic & Logical Unit)
 Control unit
 Output unit
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11. Block diagram of a digital computer
SECONDARY MEMORY
SECONDARY MEMORY
(BACKING STORAGE))
(BACKING STORAGE
INPUT UNIT
INPUT UNIT MEMORY UNIT
MEMORY UNIT OUTPUT UNIT
OUTPUT UNIT
CONTROL UNIT
CONTROL UNIT ALU
ALU
CPU
CPU
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12. COMPONENTS (Cont..)
INPUT UNIT
Device, which accepts the program & data
from user
OUTPUT UNIT
Device, which shows results in desired form.
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13.  MEMORY UNIT
Stores programs, data (input, output) and
intermediate results temporarily.
 CPU (Central Processing Unit)
ALU (ARITHMETIC & LOGICAL UNIT)
CU (CONTROL UNIT)
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14. CPU (Central Processing Unit)
 CPU is the heart and brain of the computer.
 Combination of ALU & CU.
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15. ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
It performs two types of operations
 Arithmetic Operations
 Logical Operations
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16. Control Unit
 Responsible for coordination and cooperation
of various parts of a computer system
 Provides timing & control signals
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17. Summary
What is a computer?
Organization of a computer
Components of a computer
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18. Questions
1. What is a Computer?
2. Explain the block diagram of a digital
Computer with a neat diagram?
3. List the different components of a computer &
explain?
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19. Quiz
1. A Computer is called as ?
a) Electronic Machine
b) Mechanical Machine
c) Electromechanical Machine
d) Electrical Machine
Answer: a
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20. Quiz (Contd..)
2. Brain of computer.
a. Input Unit
b. Control Unit
c. CPU
d. Output Unit
Answer: c
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21. 3. The meaningful form of data is called
a. instruction
b. data
c. information
d. all the above
Answer: c
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22. Assignment
With the help of your lecturer, try to identity
different parts of a computer system and try to
understand the working of the system
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