5. Risk Factors 10. Drug abuse 9. Excessive alcohol consumption 8. Smoking 7. Use of Oral Contraceptive 6. Diabetes Mellitus 5. Elevated hematocrit 4. Genetics 4. Obesity 3. Race 3. High cholesterol levels 2. Sex 2. Cardiovascular diseases 1. Age 1. Hypertension Uncontrollable Risk Factors Controllable Risk Factors

8. Pathophysiology Occlusion of artery Dec blood flow Dec oxygenation and nutrition of brain Dec energy stores

9. Pathophysiology Open Ca channels Inc Ca, Na and Cl Dec K Inc cell death Inc glutamine and aspartate

11. Cooperation of Left and Right Hemispheric Stroke Lack of awareness of deficits Impulsive behavior and poor judgment Slow, cautions behavior Increase distractibility Altered intellectual ability Spatial-perceptual deficits Aphasia (expressive, receptive, or global) Left visual field loss Right visual field deficit Paralysis or weakness on left side of the body Paralysis or weakness on right side of the body Right Hemispheric Stroke Left Hemispheric Stroke

22. NURSING PROCESS: The Patient Recovering from an Ischemic Stroke

50. Pathophysiology

51. Pathophysiology Hypertension Inc pressure to the vessels Rupture of the blood vessels Bleeding

52. Pathophysiology Compression of the adjacent to the brain tissue Neuronal dysfunction

55. Hunt-Hess Classification of systems Modified classification adds the following No acute meningeal/brain reaction, but with fixed neurological deficit Ia Unrupture aneurysm 0 Deep coma, decerebrate rigidity, moribund appearance Add one grade for serious systemic disease or severe vasospasm on angiography V Stupor, moderate to severe hemiparesis, early decerebrate rigidity IV Mild focal deficit, lethargy, or confusion III Cranial nerve palsy, abducens, moderate-to-severe headache, nuchal rigidity II Asymptomatic, or mild headache and slight nuchal rigidity I

59. NURSING PROCESS: The patient with a Hemorrhagic Stroke