Sleep is a crucial health issue - but it is often ignored by both individuals and the medical community. Sleep has been shown to substantially impact almost every major health condition including Diabetes, Cancer, Obesity, Heart Disease, and Mental Health. It's time for sleep to take it's rightful place in keeping us health. This presentation gives some of the cold, hard facts behind why sleep is such a silent killer.

1. ©2009 Zeo, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
An Argument for Sleep:
Connecting Sleep and Health

2. Health Impacts Sleep
Diabetes
Obesity
Heart
Disease
Poor Sleep
Cancer
Mental
Health

3. Sleep Impacts Health
Diabetes
Obesity
Heart
Disease
Poor Sleep
Cancer
Mental
Health
Immune
Function
Mortality

4. Mortality
110-126% Risk of mortality over the long term for
short sleepers1,2.
131-139%
Risk of mortality over the long term for
short sleepers who use hypnotics/
tranquilizers2.

5. Immune Function
“Sleep should be considered a vital part of the
immune system” (Bryant, Trinder, & Curtis 2004)6.
3x Short sleepers’ susceptibility to
rhinovirus (the common cold)3.
½
Immune response of the sleep
deprived versus those who sleep
enough4,5.

6. Diabetes
50-150% Greater risk of short sleepers for
developing type 2 diabetes7,8.
Sleep
Insulin
Resistance
Glucose
Tolerance
Risk of
Diabetes
Mechanism that links sleep
deprivation and type 2 diabetes9,10.

7. Obesity
More sleep debt = greater risk11-13
“Replacing 1 h of inactive wakefulness (e.g. watching
TV), with sleeping is likely to result in a substantial
reduction in caloric intake” (Sivak 2006)14.
125-193% Risk of future obesity in short
sleepers11.

8. Heart Disease
2x Short sleepers’ risk of developing
cardiovascular disease7 and hypertension16,17.
Sleep
Blood
Pressure
Sympathetic
Activity
Risk of
Heart
Disease
Mechanism that links sleep
deprivation and heart disease18.

9. Cancer
“Exposure to light-at-night [is] associated with an
increased risk of breast cancer” (Davis & Mirick 2006)19.
Light at
Night
Sleep
Deprivation
Circadian
Disruption
Risk of
Cancer
Mechanism that links sleep
disruption and cancer20.
Melatonin
Suppression
A WHO agency recently concluded that shift work is carcinogenic due to
circadian disruptions and their link to cancer21.

10. Mental Health
40% Amount of mood disorder cases with
patients presenting pre-existing insomnia22.
4x Depression relapse risk after treatment
for patients with insomnia23.
Sleep
Risk of
Depression24

11. Conclusion
“Sleep is an indicator of health, and sufficient sleep quantity and good quality
should be considered as an essential component of a healthy lifestyle, as
much as exercise and nutrition” (Zee & Turek 2006)25.
Sleep
ExerciseNutrition
Health

12. The Cutting Edge of Research
• Interventions in sleep to improve health outcomes are
the next step in sleep research12,14,26,27.
• Researchers are already calling for interventions in the
population28,29.
• Zeo’s SoftWave™ technology is well positioned to play
a major role in the research30 and potential
intervention efforts31.

13. References
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2.Hublin C, Partinen M, Koskenvuo M, Kaprio J. Sleep and
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2007;30:1245-1253.
3.Cohen S, Doyle WJ, Alper CM, Janicki-Deverts D, Turner RB.
Sleep habits and susceptibility to the common cold. Archives of
internal medicine. 2009;169(1):62-7.
4.Lange T. Sleep Enhances the Human Antibody Response to
Hepatitis A Vaccination. Psychosomatic Medicine.
2003;65(5):831-835.
5.Spiegel K, Sheridan JF, Van Cauter E. Effect of Sleep
Deprivation on Response to Immunizaton. JAMA: The Journal of
the American Medical Association. 2002;288(12):1471-1472.
6.Bryant Pa, Trinder J, Curtis N. Sick and tired: Does sleep have a
vital role in the immune system? Nature reviews. Immunology.
2004;4(6):457-67.
7.Gangwisch JE, Heymsfield SB, Boden-Albala B, et al. Sleep
duration as a risk factor for diabetes incidence in a large U.S.
sample. Sleep. 2007;30(12):1667-73.
8.Gottlieb DJ, Punjabi NM, Newman AB, et al. Association of
sleep time with diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose
tolerance. Archives of internal medicine. 2005;165(8):863-7.
9.Spiegel K, Knutson K, Leproult R, Tasali E, Van Cauter E. Sleep
loss: a novel risk factor for insulin resistance and Type 2
diabetes. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985).
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10.Spiegel K, Leproult R, Cauter EV. Early report Impact of sleep
debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet.
1999;354:1435-1440.
11.Gangwisch JE, Malaspina D, Boden-Albala B, Heymsfield SB.
Inadequate sleep as a risk factor for obesity: analyses of the
NHANES I. Sleep. 2005;28(10):1289-96.
12.Hasler G, Buysse DJ, Klaghofer R, et al. The association
between short sleep duration and obesity in young adults: a 13-
year prospective study. Sleep. 2004;27(4):661-6.
13.Kohatsu N, Tsai R, Young T, VanGilder R. Sleep duration and
body mass index in a rural population. Archives of internal
medicine. 2006;166:1701-1705.
14.Sivak M. Sleeping more as a way to lose weight. Obesity
reviews : an official journal of the International Association for
the Study of Obesity. 2006;7(3):295-6.
15.Ayas NT, White DP, Manson JE, et al. A prospective study of
sleep duration and coronary heart disease in women. Archives
of internal medicine. 2003;163(2):205-9.
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associations of short sleep duration with prevalent and incident
hypertension: the Whitehall II Study. Hypertension.
2007;50(4):693-700.
17.Gangwisch JE, Heymsfield SB, Boden-Albala B, et al. Short
sleep duration as a risk factor for hypertension: analyses of the
first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Hypertension. 2006;47(5):833-9.

14. References
18.Kato M, Phillips BG, Sigurdsson G, et al. Effects of sleep
deprivation on neural circulatory control. Hypertension.
2000;35(5):1173-5.
19.Davis S, Mirick DK. Circadian disruption, shift work and the
risk of cancer: a summary of the evidence and studies in Seattle.
Cancer causes & control : CCC. 2006;17(4):539-45.
20.Reiter RJ, Tan DX, Erren TC, Fuentes-Broto L, Paredes SD.
Light-mediated perturbations of circadian timing and cancer
risk: a mechanistic analysis. Integrative cancer therapies.
2009;8(4):354-60.
21.Blask DE. Melatonin, sleep disturbance and cancer risk. Sleep
medicine reviews. 2009;13(4):257-64.
22.Ohayon MM, Roth T. Place of chronic insomnia in the course
of depressive and anxiety disorders. Journal of Psychiatric
Research. 2003;37:9-15.
23.Breslau N, Roth T, Rosenthal L, Andreski P. Sleep disturbance
and psychiatric disorders: a longitudinal epidemiological study
of young adults. Biological Psychiatry. 1996;39:411-8.
24.Cole MG, Dendukuri N. Risk factors for depression among
elderly community subjects: a systematic review and meta-
analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;160:1147-56.
25.Zee PC, Turek FW. Sleep and health: Everywhere and in both
directions. Archives of internal medicine. 2006;166(16):1686-8.
26.Ferrie JE, Shipley MJ, Cappuccio FP, et al. A prospective study
of change in sleep duration: associations with mortality in the
Whitehall II cohort. Sleep. 2007;30(12):1659-66.
27.Knutson KL, Ryden AM, Mander Ba, Van Cauter E. Role of
sleep duration and quality in the risk and severity of type 2
diabetes mellitus. Archives of internal medicine.
2006;166(16):1768-74.
28.Egan BM. Sleep and hypertension: burning the candle at
both ends really is hazardous to your health. Hypertension.
2006;47(5):816-7.
29.Malhotra A, Loscalzo J. Sleep and cardiovascular disease: an
overview. Progress in cardiovascular diseases. 2009;51(4):279-
84.
30.Drake C, Gumenyuk V, Jefferson C, Kick A, Coaker M, Roth T.
Extending time in bed in short sleepers: effects on objective
sleep parameters measured in the home. Sleep. 2010;33
(Suppl.):A107. Abstract 0306.
31.Maas JB, Fabregas SE, Kopynec RM, Haswell DR, Fortgang RG,
Shambroom J. Putting sleep to the test: a collegiate sleep study.
Sleep. 2010;33 (Suppl.):A77. Abstract 0221.

15. Additional Resources
Hall MH, Muldoon MF, Jennings JR, et al. Self-reported sleep
duration is associated with the metabolic syndrome in midlife
adults. Sleep. 2008;31(5):635-43.
Ikehara S, Iso H, Date C, et al. Association of sleep duration with
mortality from cardiovascular disease and other causes for
Japanese men and women: the JACC study. Sleep.
2009;32(3):295-301.
Kripke D, Garfinkel L, Wingard D, MR. Mortality associated with
sleep duration and insomnia. Archives of General Psychiatry.
2002;59:131-136.
Mullington JM, Haack M, Toth M, Serrador JM, Meier-Ewert HK.
Cardiovascular, inflammatory, and metabolic consequences of
sleep deprivation. Progress in cardiovascular diseases.
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Schoenborn CA, Adams PF. Sleep Duration as a Correlate of
Smoking, Alcohol Use, Leisure-Time Physical Inactivity, and
Obesity Among Adults: United States, 2004-2006. NCHS Health
E-Stat. 2008:1-13.
Sleep disorders and sleep deprivation: an unmet public health
problem. (Colten HR, Altevogt BM). Washington, DC: The
National Academies Press; 2006.
Spiegel K, Leproult R, L'hermite-Balériaux M, et al. Leptin levels
are dependent on sleep duration: relationships with
sympathovagal balance, carbohydrate regulation, cortisol, and
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Modest Sleep Restriction on Sleepiness, Performance, and
Inflammatory Cytokines. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &
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Wilson JF. Is Sleep the New Vital Sign? Annals of Internal
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Zhong X, Hilton HJ, Gates GJ, et al. Increased sympathetic and
decreased parasympathetic cardiovascular modulation in
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And Much More…