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Cell Signaling Molecules ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Analogy:   Faxing a letter – conversion of a  printed  form of information into an  electronic  form – back into a  printed  form ANIMATION
Communication Systems Signal molecules in the plasma membrane of the  signal  cell interact with membrane bound receptors on the  target  cell. These signals are therefore restricted to cells which are in  direct contact CONTACT DEPENDENT Nerve cells or neurones elicit responses by the release of a neurotransmitter at synapses. Can signal over very long distances via a network of nerve cells. Very fast signalling  e.g.  GABA (Gamma-Amino-Butyric-Acid – an inhibitory neurotransmitter) NEURONAL Secretion of a local mediator. This affects cells in the immediate area of the signalling cell  e.g.  Histamine PARACRINE Secretion of a hormone into the bloodstream for dispersal. The signalling cell and the target cell can be far apart. Very slow method  e.g.  Insulin, Adrenaline ENDOCRINE
 
Extracellular  HYDROPHOBIC  Signaling Molecules ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The mode of action of cortisol: Cortisol is a steroid hormone that is released in the body in response to  physical  or  psychological  stress.  The secretion of cortisol induces energy-directing processes for the purpose of providing the brain with sufficient energy sources that prepare an individual to deal with stressors.  In addition to its role as a so-called "stress hormone", cortisol plays many key roles in almost every physiologic system.  Regulation of blood pressure, cardiovascular function, carbohydrate metabolism, and immune function are among the best known functions of cortisol.   ,[object Object]
Extracellular  HYDROPHILIC  Signaling Molecules ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
1)  ION-CHANNEL LINKED  Receptor ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2)  ENZYME LINKED  Receptor ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
3)  G-PROTEIN LINKED  Receptor ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The cyclic AMP (cAMP) signal transduction pathway ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Signal Transduction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Cell Signalling

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3. Communication Systems Signal molecules in the plasma membrane of the signal cell interact with membrane bound receptors on the target cell. These signals are therefore restricted to cells which are in direct contact CONTACT DEPENDENT Nerve cells or neurones elicit responses by the release of a neurotransmitter at synapses. Can signal over very long distances via a network of nerve cells. Very fast signalling e.g. GABA (Gamma-Amino-Butyric-Acid – an inhibitory neurotransmitter) NEURONAL Secretion of a local mediator. This affects cells in the immediate area of the signalling cell e.g. Histamine PARACRINE Secretion of a hormone into the bloodstream for dispersal. The signalling cell and the target cell can be far apart. Very slow method e.g. Insulin, Adrenaline ENDOCRINE
  • 4.  
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.