The document summarizes a steam power plant system that uses coal or gas to heat water into steam, which spins a turbine connected to an electricity generator. The steam is produced by heating water in a boiler and is passed through nozzles to hit the turbine blades and rotate the shaft. This causes the attached generator to produce electric power. Most electric power worldwide is produced by steam-electric power plants, with improvements being made to capture more waste heat and improve efficiency. Future plans include increasing the use of renewable and less environmentally harmful power sources.

1. SYNOPSIS OF STEAM POWER PLANT SYSTEM
OBJECTIVE:
The objective of this project is to demonstrate a prototype of Steam Power Plant. In this
prototype we produce electric energy using a turbine, that rotate using a stream of steam
produced by heated water and this produce electricity further used for house hold appliances.
IMPLEMENTATION:
For implementation of this prototype we use coal or gas for heating purpose of water to
produce steam, this produced steam is then speedily passed through a nozzle that hit blades of
turbine to rotate it. This turbine is attached to a electricity generator that rotate to produce
electric power. Coal, oil and gas are used to make thermal electricity.
BLOCK DIAGRAM:
Tx Lines
(BLOCK DIAGRAM OF STEAM POWER PLANT)
Energy Source Water Heater Heat
Stream
Turbine
Rotate
Electricity
Generator
House Hold Appliances

2. INTRODUCTION:
A steam power plant is a power station in which the electric generator is
steam driven. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine. After it passes through
the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser. The greatest variation in the design of steam-
electric power plants is due to the different fuel sources.
Almost all coal, nuclear, geothermal, solar thermal electric power plants, waste incineration
plants as well as many natural gas power plants are steam-electric. Natural gas is
frequently combusted in gas turbines as well as boilers. The waste heat from a gas turbine can be
used to raise steam, in a combined cycle plant that improves overall efficiency.
Worldwide, most electric power is produced by steam-electric power plants, which produce
about 86% of all electric generation. The only other types of plants that currently have a
significant contribution are hydroelectric and gas turbine plants, which can burn natural gas
or diesel. Photovoltaic panels, wind turbines and binary cycle geothermal plants are also non-
steam electric, but currently do not produce much electricity.
Reciprocating steam engines have been used for mechanical power sources since the 18th
Century, with notable improvements being made by James Watt. The very first commercial
central electrical generating stations in New York and London, in 1882, also used reciprocating
steam engines. As generator sizes increased, eventually turbines took over due to higher
efficiency and lower cost of construction. By the 1920s any central station larger than a few
thousand kilowatts would use a turbine prime mover.
After electricity is generated, it has to be moved to customers that use the electricity. This
involves two basic steps: transmission (moving electricity at high voltages from generating
plants to local communities) and distribution (moving power to individual customers).
The transmission system carries electricity from the power plant to local communities,
often over long distances. Electricity does not travel easily. Transmission lines have some
resistance to the flow of electricity (this is similar to the friction caused by the flow of water in a
pipe). This causes them to lose a portion of the electricity they transport. Early in the history of
electricity transmission systems energy developers discovered that the higher the voltage in
electricity lines, the less resistance and, therefore, the less wasted electricity. That’s why when
electricity travels long distances, it is better to have it at higher voltages.

3. TYPES OF STEAM POWER PLANT:
Many of large thermal plants use a simple-cycle process to generate electricity. Fuel is
burned to heat water to create steam, and much of the heat is vented as hot air or steam. While
these conventional thermal plants use less fuel than plants in the past to generate the same
amount of power, they still lose energy in the form of exhaust heat or steam.
Some thermal plants have been converted from simple cycle to combined-cycle
generation, a form of more advanced thermal technology. These plants capture waste heat from
exhaust gases to produce more electricity and to use fuel more efficiently. Gas-fired combined
cycle plants have a heat conversion efficiency of about 60 per cent, compared to 35 per cent for
conventional simple-cycle plants.
Cogeneration is another important innovative thermal technology, which is increasing in
use. Cogeneration plants produce electricity and usable heat or steam from a single fuel source
such as natural gas. A cogeneration plant captures heat that would be otherwise wasted to
provide heat or steam to a building or facility.
CONCLUSION:
This is an ambitious prototype of project, but one that is exciting, challenging, and
staying on schedule. The concept of steam power plant presented here is meant to be easily
working in the power sector and new technologies also to be implemented in future years. The
following few months will be dedicated to the testing, analysis, assembly, and final development
of this project. The overall project will be assembled and wired to a single unit.
FUTURE ASPECTS:
In present scenario most of power producing companies are working for steam power
generation or thermal power generation but this method of electricity generation is very harmful
both for human being and nature because it realizes harmful gages in the air like Carbon
Dioxide, Sulfur Dioxide and many more that cause to acid rain, fog and many other problems in
the environment.
Hence now a day’s some other ways of power generation are going to be implemented in
present and future time. These source of power generation are renewal power sources like wind
power, solar power and geothermal power generation.