Introduction to operational Amplifier. For A2 level physics (CIE). Discusses characteristics of op amp, inverting and non inverting amplifier, and voltage follower, and transfer characetristics, virtual earth , etc
25. Transfer Characteristics of a Non-inverting Amplifier V o -V s +V s saturation saturation V 2 – V 1 V 2 > V 1 V 2 < V 1 B A
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27. Transfer Characteristics of an OpAmp V s -V s V o Value V 0 might have for an ac i/p if opamp did not saturate
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29. Saturation Effect in Op Amp Suppose gain is -10. Assume the input is a signal of amplitude of 1.4v. We would expect the output of the amplifier to be a signal of amplitude of 14V because the amplitude of the input is 1.4v and the gain is -10. But, if you take saturation into account, you will get a signal that is "flattened" at the top and bottom.