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KPDS-ÜDS-YDS
1) Sponsorship is being increasingly allowed
in schools provided it is regarded as being
------- with educational curricula.
A) considerate
B) predictable
C) decisive
D) compatible
E) provocative
2) As the new field worker will be working in
close ------- with several others, make sure
you select someone with agreeable
personality.
A) uniformity
B) suspicion
C) collaboration
D) discretion
E) productivity
3) The discovery of a ------- cancer-causing
chemical in foods like crisps, chips and
cereals caused shockwaves around the
world when it hit the headlines earlier this
year.
A) completely
B) potentially
C) constantly
D) radically
E) remarkably
4) The study of the situation covers a great
deal of relevant material, but does not tackle
the real issues ------ enough.
A) disturbingly
B) outrageously
C) vaguely
D) adequately
E) currently
5) The recent recovery in palm oil production
in Southeast Asia has lead to a / an -----
decline in all vegetable oil prices.
A) dense
B) tentative
C) clumsy
D) abstract
E) dramatic
6) At present, the rate of economic growth is
very satisfactory, but ------ when foreign
competition makes itself felt, this will not be
the case.
A) enthusiastically
B) eventually
C) considerably
D) effectively
E) preferably
7) Serbian ------ in Bosnia has been strongly
condemned by the civilised world, but little
serious action has been taken against it.
A) conduct
B) settlement
C) investment
D) treaty
E) compliment
8) In view of the severe economic recession,
his appointment to this office was regarded
as highly ------ .
A) refutable
B) persuasive
C) compulsory
D) appropriate
E) considerable
9) In a child, curiosity normally suggests
intelligence and is welcomed; but an ------
adult is best avoided.
A) indefinite
B) indulgent
C) indecisive
D) impartial
E) inquisitive
10) I am not ------ that the proposal actually will
lead to an improvement in the situation.
A) impressed
B) deterred
C) convinced
D) refrained
E) intrusive
11) It is a society that is ------ to waging war on
all forms of environmental pollution.
A) regarded
B) preferred
C) referred
D) committed
E) upheld
12) Many of the pictures sent from outer space
are presently on ------ in the public library.
A) duty
B) display
C) account
D) exchange
E) reinforcement
13) Organizations are often said to be theatres
in which people ------ roles in dramas, and
psychic prisons, or political arenas.
A) perform
B) allege
C) reinforce
D) presume
E) betray

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KPDS-ÜDS-YDS
14) The objective of this project is to increase
the depth of awareness and understanding
in the world about the causes and
consequences of the HIV epidemic through
------ policies and programmes.
A) innovative
B) decadent
C) meagre
D) ambiguous
E) poignant
15) Launched as the new regulatory authority
for the country’s banking and financial
sector, the National Financial Services
Management will extend its activities so as
------ to cover more than 40% of the national
economy.
A) exceptionally
B) ultimately
C) inherently
D) fluently
E) apparently
16) To the ------ of those who believe that the
new policy will help for the company to get
over the long lasting recession, it proved to
be far worse than the previous one.
A) competition
B) optimism
C) respect
D) sanction
E) despair
17) In what is viewed as a major diplomatic ------
by Türkiye, Syria agreed to Turkish
demands that it abandon its support for
Kurdish Workers' Party (PKK) guerrillas.
A) distinction
B) execution
C) failure
D) victory
E) pretension
18) Governments throughout the world ------ that
the welfare of their people depends on the
economic strength and wealth of the
community.
A) enlighten
B) commence
C) assume
D) castigate
E) accomplish
19) Many early peoples who had not yet learned
to catch fish, hunt game, or till the soil ------
lived chiefly on roots, berries and nuts.
A) undoubtedly
B) inconsistently
C) supremely
D) exceedingly
E) randomly
20) He devised an ------ scheme whereby the rate
of unemployment in the country could be
brought down sharply.
A) irrelevant
B) unstable
C) ingenious
D) unfamed
E) illegible
21) Due to the far-reaching research and the
speedy innovations during the past few
years, the computer system we bought only
last year is now ------, and therefore we have
to purchase a new one.
A) unmatched
B) obsolete
C) temporary
D) transitional
E) deceased
22) In the 19th century, the mechanization of
printing ------ the means for meeting the
increased demand for books in
industrialized societies.
A) prevailed
B) alluded
C) provided
D) achieved
E) predicted
23) Although the Germanic tribes that forcibly
migrated into southern and western Europe
in the 5
th
century were ------ converted to
Christianity, they retained many of their
customs and ways of life.
A) extremely
B) likely
C) ultimately
D) indispensably
E) favourably
24) She is the oldest person in the village, 92
years to be precise, and has a ------ world of
advice for everyone.
A) fanciful
B) credible
C) faithful
D) futile
E) kindly
25) Space research is largely a branch of pure
science, independent of any applications
which ------ from it.
A) enforce
B) reduce
C) insure
D) restore
E) stem

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KPDS-ÜDS-YDS
26) The most effective way to reduce the
destructiveness of earthquakes is to design
and construct buildings and other
structures capable of ------- strong shaking.
A) withstanding
B) upholding
C) embittering
D) suspending
E) swaying
27) When the author moved to Tucson, Arizona,
in 1992, his ------ was retirement in a climate
less harsh than his native, Chicago.
A) withdrawal
B) prosperity
C) rate
D) goal
E) avidity
28) It is a curious ------ that the moon exactly
does cover the sun’s disk during a total
eclipse seen from the earth.
A) coincidence
B) opportunity
C) convenience
D) resemblance
E) comparison
29) It now appears that while US leaders are still
willing for the nation to exert itself abroad
and give large amounts of foreign
assistance, the American public is ------ to
go along with these policies.
A) spontaneous
B) unsteady
C) reluctant
D) competitive
E) deliberate
30) The range of measures permitting workers
to reduce their working hours or to take a
career break is ------ broad in Belgium; most
measures are non-obligatory and are based
on incentives.
A) relatively
B) unequivocally
C) respectively
D) successively
E) sarcastically
31) Microstructural features in metals ------
affect what happens on a larger scale,
particularly when systems are pushed to
their limits.
A) randomly
B) profoundly
C) cautiously
D) thoughtfully
E) recklessly
32) English is quite an easy language to ------ ;
nevertheless, several other languages,
including Dutch and Latin, ------
characteristics which make this far more
difficult.
A) practice / exclude
B) exempt / undermine
C) reproach / cover
D) automate / contain
E) verify / appreciate
33) As he has persistently withstood all kinds of
political coercion on this issue for so long, it
is unlikely that he would ------ at this stage.
A) reinforce
B) dispose
C) compete
D) graduate
E) relent
34) There are many ways of ------ the
incapacitated from buildings : by lift,
carrying or putting people in temporary
refuges to await rescue.
A) refuting
B) exempting
C) evacuating
D) undermining
E) confirming
35) The Civil War came as a climax to a long
series of quarrels between the North and
South over the ------ of the United States
Constitution.
A) occurrence
B) interpretation
C) equivalence
D) reference
E) liability
36) Even allowing the inflation, the prices are
------ more expensive than last year, and as a
result, I'm certain that almost no one will be
able to afford them.
A) slightly
B) scarcely
C) elaborately
D) considerably
E) completely
37) Amongst the issues causing bridge
engineers much difficulty, the most
significant ones are those of ------ and repair.
A) maintenance
B) enhancement
C) evaluation
D) perception
E) peculiarity

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KPDS-ÜDS-YDS
38) Until the introduction of the practice
prepared by DETR, there was ------ in the
environmental monitoring of chemical
accidents, with different methodologies
producing variable results.
A) acclimatisation
B) expenditure
C) redundancy
D) precaution
E) inconsistency
39) Since words alone may fail to convey an
idea, teachers often ------ such visual aids as
pictures, charts, and films.
A) facilitate
B) employ
C) exhaust
D) acquire
E) amend
40) As both private industry and government
departments tend to concentrate on ------
results, there is steady shift of scientists
from pure to the applied field.
A) lawful
B) optional
C) partial
D) immediate
E) harmonious
41) Many members of the medical profession
are of the opinion that laughter, a common
element of everyday life, has ------
therapeutic effects on the body.
A) hilarious
B) ridiculous
C) awkward
D) morbid
E) valuable
42) The fact that safety belts save lives is both
------ obvious and also supported by
impressive amount of evidence.
A) permanently
B) purposefully
C) conclusively
D) appropriately
E) excessively
43) Founded to promote the art, science, and
practice of rehabilitation care for the people
with disabilities, the American Congress of
Rehabilitation Medicine (ACRM) was ------
called the American College of Radiology
and Psychology.
A) originally
B) imaginatively
C) adequately
D) obscurely
E) eventually
44) As we approach the challenge of the
millennium date change, more information
is emerging about the potential ------ and
pitfalls that might face the country.
A) perils
B) guards
C) aides
D) comrades
E) protections
45) According to the newspaper, the parliament
are working on a ------ that will abolish all
higher education entrance exams.
A) refusal
B) proposal
C) disposal
D) hindrance
E) horizon
46) One major aim of the new constitution is to
prevent the ------ of power by any majority.
A) misuse
B) compromise
C) completion
D) issue
E) existence
47) I thoroughly enjoyed the lecture; it wasn't
------, but it wasn't too scholarly, either.
A) oversimplified
B) underestimated
C) overemphatic
D) underrated
E) overdue
48) As far as we are concerned, the evidence
put before the court was not ------ enough to
convict the man.
A) subsequent
B) conclusive
C) adamant
D) earnest
E) consecutive
49) His poetic output may not be large but,
nevertheless, Ted Hughes is generally
regarded as one of the ------ poets of our
time.
A) distinguished
B) excessive
C) prolific
D) extensive
E) futile

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50) Through the winter, the bank rates were
reasonably steady, but they have started to
------ again.
A) fluctuate
B) exchange
C) improve
D) incline
E) intensify
51) The criticism he made concerning the
annual fiscal report was ------ to the point.
A) remarkably
B) immediately
C) incessantly
D) preferably
E) incompetently
52) We will repeat the experiment twice in order
to ------ the results.
A) vanish
B) spill
C) verify
D) sneak
E) pinch
53) Diplomatic relations between the two
countries, which were ------ during the war,
have not yet been restored.
A) defeated
B) established
C) severed
D) determined
E) featured
54) People who are constantly in the public eye
must learn to remain ------ in the face of
criticism.
A) composed
B) resultant
C) appreciated
D) outrageous
E) restored
55) They raised no ------ to his prolonged leave
of absence since they didn't want to lose
him altogether.
A) refutation
B) refusal
C) objection
D) refund
E) compulsion
56) As the conditions of the expedition are likely
to be severe, you had better take necessary
------ .
A) trials
B) precautions
C) efforts
D) objections
E) attempts
57) It was felt that the EU had ------ on a
programme of economic change that the
member states could not sustain.
A) surpassed
B) relieved
C) embarked
D) specified
E) retired
58) To be a leader, it is not enough to be
hardworking and knowledgeable; one must
also be able to inspire ------ .
A) denial
B) restraint
C) discretion
D) confidence
E) reservation
59) The two major political parties in Britain are
currently ------ to extreme and radically
different approaches to the solution of
Britain's economic problems.
A) referred
B) obsessed
C) committed
D) implied
E) meant
60) I have looked through the report, but I must
admit, only ------ .
A) carefully
B) thoroughly
C) superficially
D) seriously
E) experimentally
61) The rise in energy ------ has led to a
reduction in the amount of fossil fuels that
the world must use.
A) redundancy
B) efficiency
C) consumption
D) suitability
E) conformity
62) I believe that leaders must make an effort to
stay open-minded and try to ------ another
person's point of view.
A) deplore
B) recover
C) forecast
D) insist
E) appreciate

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63) We must find some way to give them a fairly
complete and realistic picture of the
situation, but without ------ them too much.
A) depressing
B) intimidating
C) restricting
D) complementing
E) embittering
64) Any child left to its own devices for too long
is likely to ------ on some dangerous
enterprise.
A) assert
B) entice
C) embark
D) reproach
E) reduce
65) Foot and mouth disease, also called aftosa,
is a highly contagious viral disease affecting
------ all cloven footed mammals, including
cattle, sheep, goats, and swine.
A) practically
B) haphazardly
C) secretly
D) hardly
E) swiftly
66) Industry as a whole was badly affected by
the restrictions, but it was the high
technology sector that suffered most ------ .
A) blatantly
B) randomly
C) reasonably
D) tightly
E) acutely
67) The stars visible at night are ------ distant,
which is why they appear only as tiny points
of light.
A) commonly
B) eventually
C) immensely
D) intensively
E) specially
68) Her parents spend their summers in the
south, but their ------ residence, a luxury
apartment, is in İstanbul.
A) favourable
B) traditional
C) previous
D) permanent
E) ordinary
69) One defect seems inherent in a purely
classical education –namely, a too ------
emphasis on the past.
A) recurrent
B) repressive
C) coherent
D) exclusive
E) deceptive
70) The Kodak Company now faces stiff ------
both from abroad and from rival firms at
home.
A) renovation
B) competition
C) investment
D) commerce
E) recession
71) Many people think of the United States as a
young country, yet it has the oldest written
------ among the major nations of the world.
A) involvement
B) concession
C) proposition
D) treaty
E) constitution
72) A few people enjoyed the exhibition, but the
majority were clearly ----- .
A) restrained
B) admirable
C) impartial
D) disappointed
E) relieved
73) Thanks to various advances in modern
medicine, certain diseases that were
seemingly incurable now ------ treatment.
A) consist of
B) yield to
C) interfere with
D) stem from
E) result from
74) Although the partners seem to be in full
agreement on matters of management, there
is actually a ------ difference of opinion
among them.
A) smooth
B) abundant
C) flexible
D) vast
E) relentless

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KPDS-ÜDS-YDS
75) Admittedly, the engineer's report was
relatively unimaginative, but it was, on the
whole, ------ .
A) accurate
B) irrelevant
C) vacant
D) deceptive
E) wealthy
76) He has behaved ------ on many occasions, so
this instance of impoliteness is hardly
surprising.
A) shyly
B) endearingly
C) sensitively
D) readily
E) inconsiderately
77) At the meeting, even though he spoke well,
he was unable to ------ the other members.
A) complete
B) persuade
C) reinterpret
D) agree
E) dispute
78) The United States has long prided itself on
being a melting pot of culturally ------
peoples.
A) diverse
B) redundant
C) incoherent
D) entire
E) substantial
79) It is ------ ten years since AIDS caught the
world's attention.
A) formidably
B) generously
C) pertinently
D) roughly
E) inevitably
80) As a result of the continuing economic
recession, a huge ------ in the budget seems
inevitable.
A) redundancy
B) improvement
C) profit
D) distinction
E) deficit
81) When the rate of exchange began to rise
again, he felt ------ to call a meeting of the
financial staff.
A) obliged
B) blamed
C) consumed
D) omitted
E) rewarded
82) The new ceramics, which have little in
common with the chinaware we use in our
kitchens everyday, are being used ------ in
engines and electronics.
A) depressingly
B) seemingly
C) increasingly
D) discouragingly
E) obligingly
83) When they called Mr. Smith to head office, I
am quite sure it was not their ------ to
promote him to branch manager.
A) avidity
B) impression
C) prediction
D) disposition
E) intention
84) Locke Hobbes and Rousseau were
concerned in their writings with the
question of a proper ------ between the public
good and the right of individuals to exercise
free will.
A) balance
B) demonstration
C) responsibility
D) interest
E) solidarity
85) If we are serious about suppressing
terrorism, we shall have to ------ stronger
measures than those currently in practice.
A) require
B) revise
C) adopt
D) abduct
E) suspend
86) I am horrified at the turn things have taken
and am convinced that he is ------ of much
better treatment than that which he is
receiving.
A) rebutting
B) deserving
C) defending
D) safeguarding
E) indulging
87) When an unknown but gifted artist is finally
recognized, his paintings can become
valuable ------ in the future.
A) rates
B) accounts
C) sales
D) interests
E) assets

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KPDS-ÜDS-YDS
88) The journalists asked the Prime Minister so
many questions that finally he felt it
necessary to ------ the statement.
A) propose
B) refrain
C) clarify
D) undermine
E) exempt
89) Geological activity in this region has
produced a landscape that is at once ------
and forbidding.
A) wasteful
B) cautious
C) discreet
D) susceptible
E) rugged
90) The medieval struggle between secular and
religious power came to a ------ in the 14th
century with the rise of nationalism and the
increased prominence of lawyers, both
royalist and canon.
A) influence
B) popularity
C) climax
D) summit
E) dedication
91) It is ------ surprising that the art of ancient
America remains the most mysterious and
the least accessible.
A) urgently
B) vaguely
C) indifferently
D) elaborately
E) hardly
92) Bartok was influenced as much by the
musical innovations of Debussy and
Stravinsky as by East European, ------
Hungarian, folk music.
A) exceedingly
B) notably
C) appropriately
D) vehemently
E) adequately
93) The argument he has put forward is hardly
------ with the information we have so far
received on the case.
A) reflective
B) representative
C) arbitrary
D) resistant
E) compatible
94) If the situation in Somalia improves, a
significant part of the allied forces will be
------ .
A) enclosed
B) withdrawn
C) encouraged
D) recruited
E) sustained
95) More than 4,500 years ago, the -------
Egyptians prepared the first paper from the
fibrous stems of papyrus, a grass-like plant.
A) ancient
B) outdated
C) fallacious
D) mystical
E) communal
96) Few, if any, of the statements made could be
------ substantiated by concrete experimental
evidence.
A) intentionally
B) successively
C) restrictedly
D) impressively
E) conclusively
97) The British entry into the European
Community has ------ a new line of policy.
A) negotiated
B) confined
C) resented
D) constituted
E) refunded
98) Dependence by primitive humans on their
environment would not have permitted them
to be ------ the effects of the surrounding
world on them.
A) intrigued by
B) protected from
C) indifferent about
D) surprised by
E) knowledgeable about
99) When the world population ------ the 5-billion
milestone in 1987, the United Nations
estimated that it would not stabilize until the
record mark was doubled late in the 21st
century.
A) surpassed
B) defeated
C) remarked
D) conceded
E) generated

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KPDS-ÜDS-YDS
100) At the opening night of the new production
of Aida the guest soprano gave a superb, a
truly ------ performance.
A) dazzling
B) declining
C) disappointing
D) recalling
E) degrading
101) The topics included in the conference
programme are not as ------ as one might
have hoped.
A) obsessed
B) illuminated
C) preoccupied
D) varied
E) disposed
102) Throughout most of human history,
people's movements on land were ------ to
those speeds and distances that could be
attained by walking.
A) affiliated
B) acquired
C) promoted
D) restricted
E) inclined
103) The French physicist Jean-Antoine Nollet is
------ with the earliest recorded observation
of osmosis in 1748.
A) fortified
B) credited
C) satisfied
D) competed
E) detained
104) On the third day after the shipwreck, they
gave up all hope of finding any ------ .
A) deserters
B) conclusions
C) survivors
D) suppliers
E) discrepancies
105) The allocation made by the budget
committee can be used ------ to finance work
on child health.
A) plainly
B) excessively
C) extremely
D) remarkably
E) solely
106) Since the firm has been found negligent by
the court, his claim for ------ for the accident
has been accepted.
A) compensation
B) reduction
C) employment
D) relevance
E) cooperation
107) I don't approve of the methods he is using,
but his ------ aim, as regards the project, is
admirable.
A) conclusive
B) ultimate
C) controversial
D) convenient
E) deplorable
108) If he gets this ------, it will help him to
recover his self-confidence.
A) accuracy
B) exposure
C) promotion
D) activity
E) procedure
109) In 1883, before the electron was discovered,
the Swedish physicist and chemist Svante
August Arrhenius ------ the existence of ions
in solutions in order to explain electrolysis.
A) improved
B) reassessed
C) awakened
D) alleged
E) postulated
110) The testimony of the last witness ------ the
accused off all suspicion.
A) induces
B) removes
C) clears
D) surmounts
E) exposes
111) By all means, give all the medical details,
but do ------ from giving any names.
A) relent
B) excuse
C) deny
D) refrain
E) respect
112) Mark's warm and humorous personality ------
everyone at the conference.
A) enhanced
B) frightened
C) confirmed
D) captivated
E) disgusted

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KPDS-ÜDS-YDS
113) An election in which all members of a
political party are ------ to select candidates
is called a direct primary.
A) excluded
B) separated
C) distinguished
D) entitled
E) assessed
114) The most common type of government in
the 20
th
century, representative democracy
------ in Western Europe, North and South
America, Australia, New Zealand, Egypt, and
Japan.
A) prevails
B) reinforces
C) commits
D) enacts
E) stabilizes
115) President Bush's special envoy, Zalmay
Khalilzad, has stressed that any military
movement or combat in Northern Iraq
should be under the overall ------ of the US-
led coalition.
A) supply
B) reliance
C) priority
D) phase
E) command
116) Although balloons had been used for
military purposes for some time, the ------
use of the airplane as a weapon during
World War I was especially troubling.
A) prevalent
B) equivalent
C) indifferent
D) resultant
E) resistant
117) The mirrors used in Greco-Roman antiquity
and throughout the European Middle Ages
were simply ------ convex disks of metal,
either bronze, tin, or silver, that reflected
light off their highly polished surfaces.
A) instantly
B) densely
C) slightly
D) utterly
E) steadily
118) The behaviour of light seems to have
interested ancient philosophers, but without
------ them to experiment.
A) disbanding
B) discouraging
C) damaging
D) stimulating
E) frustrating
119) Even when his reputation was in ------,
almost everyone was willing to admit that he
had genius.
A) retaliation
B) eclipse
C) ascendancy
D) differentiation
E) rebuttal
120) No one can say for sure how ------ the
awards have been.
A) determined
B) effective
C) reducible
D) effervescent
E) inborn
121) On the foundry, liquid hydrogen must be
stored in large stainless steel tanks with
double walls filled with ------ and evacuated
to a high vacuum.
A) grit
B) device
C) insulation
D) instrument
E) sediment
122) That is our firm's ------ that the new law
should be implemented immediately.
A) proficiency
B) consensus
C) struggle
D) aggression
E) regulation
123) As she suffered from digestive troubles
after too much eating and drinking during
the holiday, the doctor insisted on a strict
------ .
A) diet
B) plot
C) dent
D) rife
E) deck
124) One should never ------ in the disputes of
neighbours; the best policy is to keep out of
other people's affairs.
A) interact
B) leave
C) interfere
D) entail
E) implicate

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KPDS-ÜDS-YDS
125) The theme of that play is quite complicated,
but the actual ------ of the story is quite
simple.
A) summary
B) stage
C) abbreviation
D) surrounding
E) frame
126) Physically speaking, the Pacific Basin
includes not only all those countries
bordering on the Pacific coast, but also the
Pacific island nations ------ across the ocean.
A) adopted
B) based
C) grafted
D) scattered
E) expanded
127) At the beginning of the 20th century, Albert
Einstein developed the theory of relativity,
------ that Newtonian mechanics could not be
applied to bodies moving at speeds close to
the speed of light
A) alleviating
B) demonstrating
C) admonishing
D) regarding
E) expanding
128) The ambitious staff of the language learning
centre have shown great ------ in performing
their duties.
A) gaiety
B) efficiency
C) vitality
D) outcome
E) consistency
129) In the operation of nuclear reactors, great
care is exercised to protect personnel in the
area and to ------ instruments that are
sensitive.
A) persist
B) creep
C) anticipate
D) eliminate
E) safeguard
130) When Newton arrived in Cambridge in 1661,
the movement now known as the scientific
revolution was well advanced, and many of
the works ------ to modern science had
appeared.
A) basic
B) indulgent
C) intrinsic
D) brave
E) strict
131) The field of statistical thermodynamics
provides a deeper understanding of such
------ as temperature, vapour pressure, and
diffusion.
A) resolutions
B) applications
C) reductions
D) spectacles
E) phenomena
132) Today's social security system is ------
popular, partly because it is universal and
partly because retirement benefits are
related to contributions, so most people feel
the system is fair.
A) extremely
B) likely
C) eventually
D) indispensably
E) favorably
133) Census taking was not a widespread
practice before 1800, so it is impossible to
trace the history of world urbanization with
any ------ until the 19th century.
A) expansion
B) observance
C) rejection
D) precision
E) capacity
134) It is a book rich in ideas and beauty, a
material that ------ and tries to answer great
fundamental questions and demands the
most active reading one is capable of.
A) raises
B) attains
C) casts
D) alludes
E) accomplishes
135) By the time the ------ child enters school
today, he has already spent more hours
learning about his world from TV than he
will spend in a classroom learning a college
degree.
A) parsimonious
B) average
C) transitional
D) temporary
E) vulnerable
136) Judging from her recent speeches to the
public, the Prime Minister seems to be
trying to ------ the confidence of her people.
A) execute
B) remunerate
C) dispatch
D) regain
E) affect

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137) In the 1990s and early 21
st
century chemical
weapons became a growing ------ among
many nations, as a result of which an
international agreement called the Chemical
Weapons Convention came into force in
1997.
A) concern
B) defect
C) altitude
D) notice
E) feature
138) Many local authorities are ------ opposed to
the introduction of comprehensive
schooling despite the disadvantage of
having undereducated people.
A) bitterly
B) deliberately
C) abruptly
D) conventionally
E) sardonically
139) Because he had researched the subject so
------, he was able to answer all the
questions he was asked effortlessly.
A) permanently
B) practically
C) exhaustively
D) unequivocally
E) genuinely
140) The authors tried to meet the ------,
nevertheless, there were only twenty four
hours remaining and they knew that it would
be impossible to complete the novel.
A) deadline
B) circulation
C) illiteracy
D) entertainment
E) donation
141) Architectural pressure groups fought
unsatisfactorily to save a terrace of 18
th
century houses from ------ .
A) construction
B) evolution
C) maturation
D) enlargement
E) demolition
142) A complete reconstruction of the origin and
development of the atmosphere would
include details of its size and composition at
all times during the 4,500,000,000 years
since the ------ of the Earth.
A) formation
B) distribution
C) hesitation
D) redemption
E) occurrence
143) Some analysts ------ that a U.S.-led invasion
of Iraq without Turkey would not only
substantially weaken administration claims
of international support but also do critical
long-term damage to relations with an
important NATO and Muslim-populated ally.
A) maintain
B) disapprove
C) compliment
D) finalize
E) validate
144) The government has recently made one
million dollars ------ for research grants
concerning the prediction of earthquake.
A) condition
B) available
C) suitable
D) consideration
E) vulnerable
145) The ozone layer may still act like a
protective blanket, but scientists continue to
worry about the sun’s ------ lethal effects.
A) potentially
B) equivalently
C) indifferently
D) approximately
E) abruptly
146) They have had to agree to provide free
lunches, but obviously they have done so
------ .
A) faultlessly
B) precisely
C) exceedingly
D) reluctantly
E) extraordinarily
147) Unfortunately, few children behave in such a
------ manner towards the elderly and infirm.
A) ridiculous
B) considerate
C) restricted
D) fragile
E) progressive
148) The development of the experimental
method to verify theories had the ------ effect
and there was a rapid increase in scientific
knowledge.
A) adverse
B) reluctant
C) appropriate
D) erroneous
E) partial

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149) We will have to hire more workers soon; we
can’t put it off ------ .
A) plainly
B) supremely
C) emphatically
D) intensely
E) indefinitely
150) When births outnumber deaths, the
population increases; when the ------ occurs,
then it falls.
A) opposite
B) growth
C) share
D) rate
E) decrease
151) Industry is slowly realising that the manner
in which waste products are ------ of is of
vital importance to the environment.
A) forwarded
B) exposed
C) composed
D) disposed
E) restored
152) Discourse analysis is ------ labour intensive
and time consuming, transcription of audio
tapes alone being a challenging task.
A) extremely
B) radically
C) reluctantly
D) coherently
E) incessantly
153) People from rural Asia, where breast and
colon cancers are rare, ------ get more likely
to contract those diseases after moving to
the United States.
A) widely
B) totally
C) gradually
D) extensively
E) exceedingly
154) In 1990, the ------ of HIV infection in South
Africa and Thailand were both less than one
percent; however, today, Thailand's rate is
2.15 percent; South Africa's is 19.94
percent.
A) measurement
B) derivation
C) establishment
D) extension
E) frequency
155) Champions of the green movement regard
the internal combustion machine as one of
the biggest ------ in history.
A) disasters
B) rejections
C) admissions
D) denials
E) sensations
156) It shouldn't be forgotten that,
notwithstanding the great prosperity of the
people, Canada's initial political problem
remains the relationship between her
English and French speaking ------ .
A) surroundings
B) combinations
C) circumstances
D) communities
E) personalities
157) The general feeling in the court was that
several of the witnesses were ------
information that could have a direct bearing
upon the case.
A) expressing
B) avoiding
C) withholding
D) disrupting
E) declining
158) The river Danube rises in Germany and ------
through central Europe and into the Black
Sea.
A) cruises
B) spreads
C) flows
D) conducts
E) covers
159) Today, a wide spectrum of biological
scientists are needed to develop the
biotechnology of the next millenium and to
ensure the ------ of life on our planet.
A) explanation
B) process
C) exhaustion
D) duration
E) conservation
160) The distinction between a language and a
dialect is a ------ difficult one.
A) precisely
B) notoriously
C) compulsively
D) suitably
E) flexibly

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161) Prior to the first European settlement of
Australia, the Aborigines numbered about
300,000, whereas their ------ populace is
estimated about 125,000 130,000.
A) versatile
B) current
C) mutual
D) rigid
E) erratic
162) The move toward a press free of partisan
------- started in France with the founding of
La Presse in 1836 by Émile de Girardin.
A) sentiment
B) emotion
C) movement
D) validity
E) prosperity
163) I was ------ beyond words when I saw the
picture of a baby elephant in National
Geographic magazine.
A) moved
B) lost
C) relieved
D) struck
E) alerted
164) Poor countries lack well-developed clusters;
they compete in the world market with
inexpensive labour and natural ------ .
A) resources
B) requirements
C) intellects
D) distresses
E) solicitations
165) While some smaller EU countries have
roughly halved their official gold reserves,
the three with the largest holdings
—Germany, France and Italy— have
maintained theirs ------ unchanged, as have
Spain and Portugal and also the UK.
A) exhaustively
B) fundamentally
C) indispensably
D) indubitably
E) virtually
166) Theories ------- the nature, origin, and extent
of human knowledge make up the area of
philosophy called epistemology
A) consisting
B) submitting
C) devising
D) respecting
E) concerning
167) According to experts, many of the
chemicals used in conventional waste
treatment ------ add to the pollution of the
water supply.
A) accurately
B) daringly
C) actually
D) considerately
E) relevantly
168) If we are to ------ the essence of today's new
economy, we must look at it from a
perspective that reaches further back than
the experiences of the past few years.
A) propound
B) compel
C) advocate
D) grasp
E) submit
169) Until the invention of printing, the public
had to be ------- with whatever information it
was given by official sources, or it had to
make do with hearsay and rumor.
A) dedicated
B) satisfied
C) thrilled
D) amazed
E) stunned
170) Until recently, psychiatrists ------ that there
must be a single reason for drinking alcohol
and therefore looked first for differences
between those who drank and those who
did not.
A) distributed
B) embellished
C) resolved
D) assumed
E) discharged
171) The Carnegie Endowment for International
Peace seeks an individual to launch a
research project on the information
revolution and its ------ on international
affairs.
A) impact
B) involvement
C) reference
D) linkage
E) comparison
172) Unlike Europe’s stone castles and
cathedrals, America’s historical buildings
are often wood-framed and so subject to
------ from moisture and insects.
A) caution
B) deficiency
C) damage
D) obsession
E) frustration

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173) In earlier times, when human population
sizes were small and modern technology
was developing, the effects of human
activities on natural populations seldom
seemed ------ .
A) persuasive
B) respectable
C) arguable
D) significant
E) unfailing
174) Many of the critics clearly regarded several
of the paintings on ------ as of poor quality.
A) discovery
B) display
C) occasion
D) approval
E) account
175) It was decided at the board meeting that
more funds should be allocated to getting
the firm’s products ------ more widely.
A) publicised
B) priced
C) curtailed
D) expanded
E) confirmed
176) The report issued by the National Health
Council draws attention to the hazards of
------ to rays.
A) resistance
B) involvement
C) confinement
D) exposure
E) implication
177) In every culture throughout recorded
history, human beings have ------ powerful
tales to help explain the inexplicable.
A) sought
B) departed
C) sprung
D) woven
E) revealed
178) There’s nothing very brilliant about the
report, but he has ------ collected all the data
needed.
A) infectiously
B) recklessly
C) considerably
D) restrictively
E) conscientiously
179) What really surprised everybody was that he
saved the company from bankruptcy quite
------ .
A) decidedly
B) relatively
C) scarcely
D) unhurriedly
E) competently
180) Russia has a fleet of 250 nuclear
submarines, 170 of which are ------ out of
service.
A) radically
B) explicitly
C) indiscriminately
D) currently
E) conclusively
181) The first great theorist of dramatic art was
Aristo, whose ------ of tragedy in “The
Poetics” has dominated critical thought ever
since.
A) solution
B) reference
C) discussion
D) recognition
E) allusion
182) Their state assets were ------ to foreign
capital at bargain prices.
A) available
B) unreliable
C) recurrent
D) constant
E) ultimate
183) The whole of society may suffer if its
government is attacked; ------- the entire
body is harmed if the brain is damaged.
A) otherwise
B) similarly
C) on the other hand
D) nevertheless
E) however
184) Osteoclasts are cells that ------- bone in the
normal course of bone replenishment.
A) show off
B) pull through
C) break down
D) put out
E) cut off
185) The findings indicate that there is a lower
------- of cancer among vegetarians.
A) incidence
B) disturbance
C) decline
D) reversal
E) replacement

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186) Scientists are ------- biotechnology to
develop highly effective drugs in the fight
against currently incurable diseases.
A) invading
B) justifying
C) exerting
D) retaining
E) utilizing
187) ------ its focus on how language is used to
achieve goals, discourse analysis may also
be useful in exploring areas of persuasion,
ideology, and conflict.
A) On account of
B) On behalf of
C) In connection with
D) In addition to
E) By dint of
188) The relationship between smoking and lung
cancer has been heatedly discussed for
many years, but until recently the evidence
about it has been both ------- and conflicting.
A) exemplary
B) susceptible
C) compatible
D) fragmentary
E) confident
189) Medical science is advancing at such a pace
that it is virtually impossible to ------- all the
latest developments even within one's own
specialist field.
A) take up
B) keep up with
C) carry out
D) pull out of
E) look down on
190) Patients seeking to ------- scars have several
options, depending on the depth of the scar.
A) get rid of
B) sort out
C) take back
D) get along with
E) fold over
191) Atoms are ------- of electrons and a nucleus
containing protons and neutrons.
A) joined
B) linked
C) composed
D) kept
E) completed
192) Visibility depends ------- upon the
concentration of water or dust particles in
the air.
A) rapidly
B) obstinately
C) instantly
D) suitably
E) chiefly
193) This magazine is designed to help satellite
equipment buyers make more -------
purchasing decisions and keep ahead of
new developments.
A) representative
B) obscure
C) foreseen
D) informed
E) indifferent
194) He was discharged from hospital but was
advised to return after a month for further
------- .
A) treatment
B) recovery
C) admission
D) diagnosis
E) expansion
195) Science requires the testing of its ideas or
theories to see if its predictions are ------- by
experiment.
A) made up
B) borne out
C) closed in
D) put off
E) sorted out
196) Radioactivity was discovered in 1896 by
Becquerel, who noticed that salts containing
uranium ------- radiations.
A) got off
B) held up
C) sent off
D) came up with
E) turned away
197) In the past, too, people relied on plant
substances to ------- a wide range of
illnesses
A) recover
B) undermine
C) infect
D) cure
E) restrain

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198) Some women are ------- troubled with
backache as they get older.
A) relevantly
B) consecutively
C) continually
D) sufficiently
E) reluctantly
199) A poorly-planned vegetarian diet will
typically be ------- in iron, zinc and calcium.
A) unhealthy
B) deficient
C) varied
D) nutritious
E) essential
200) The subject of statics is ------- the calculation
of the forces acting on and within structures
that are in equilibrium.
A) taken care of
B) turned up
C) kept off
D) given rise to
E) concerned with
201) I don't know how the nurse ------- the
constant demands of that elderly patient.
A) thinks over
B) changes over
C) turns on
D) wakes up
E) puts up with
202) As he has taken those antibiotics, it will be
very difficult to ------- just what the problem
is.
A) turn up
B) give up
C) put down
D) find out
E) look up
203) The brain and spinal cord ------- the central
nervous system.
A) stand for
B) turn down
C) make up
D) get on
E) count on
204) Air pollution is obviously one of the major
--------- of city life.
A) references
B) disadvantages
C) attempts
D) definitions
E) expressions
205) The lawyer submitted to the court several
documents to --------- his point of view.
A) support
B) overcome
C) refrain
D) improve
E) alienate
206) The latest figures concerning the company's
sales are certainly very --------- .
A) determined
B) intensive
C) emphatic
D) reluctant
E) disturbing
207) On Tuesday, I'll be able to let you know
----- how many people will be attending the
conference.
A) mostly
B) fortunately
C) comparatively
D) precisely
E) immensely
208) From the evidence, it seems pretty obvious
that someone --------- the office sometime
during the night.
A) found out
B) took after
C) broke into
D) made out
E) ran up
209) If it rains, the football match will be ---------
until next week.
A) given out
B) put off
C) turned off
D) run through
E) taken on
210) For the chemists of the 18
th
and 19
th
centuries, an understanding of the chemical
nature of food was a major ------- .
A) objective
B) agreement
C) submission
D) significance
E) estimation
211) The green button on the far left of the
machine ------- the volume.
A) interferes
B) discloses
C) regulates
D) allows
E) arises

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212) You should have attended that lecture on
durability testing of fibres; it really was most
------- .
A) irrelevant
B) stimulating
C) dull
D) reluctant
E) feasible
213) His forecast turned out to be ------- accurate
considering how little information he had to
work on.
A) lately
B) effortlessly
C) intentionally
D) surprisingly
E) heavily
214) The new engineer is highly knowledgeable,
but can we ------- him to lead the team
successfully?
A) run on
B) put on
C) make on
D) take up
E) rely on
215) Many of the lesser developed countries find
it hard to ------- the more developed ones,
due to the rapid advances in technology
there.
A) make up for
B) keep up with
C) look out for
D) turn upon
E) run through
216) Many experiments ------- blood composition
are carried out in this laboratory.
A) related to
B) led from
C) followed through
D) contained in
E) denied by
217) --------- obesity results basically from an
excess of calories, in some instances,
genetic background may be a contributing
factor.
A) Since
B) However
C) Nevertheless
D) Even though
E) Unless
218) It may have something to do with the rising
price of medicines, but certainly ---------
people are beginning to show an interest in
natural remedies.
A) as many more
B) the more
C) the most
D) as many
E) more and more
219) Each year, large amounts of
carbonmonoxide are --------- into the
atmosphere by automobiles and factories.
A) absorbed
B) emitted
C) exchanged
D) repulsed
E) compelled
220) The first two paragraphs --------- the
particular requirements of the digital
environment as the source of data and as a
means of producing maps and other
visualisations.
A) lay emphasis on
B) run out of
C) break through
D) stop short of
E) look down on
221) Syndicalism embodies the idea that
workers, through direct action, --------- a
general strike, should seize control over the
means of production and hence gain
political power.
A) especially
B) previously
C) tremendously
D) respectfully
E) consistently
222) Even in developed countries, it is not
unusual to see wage and job -------- against
women.
A) separation
B) difference
C) discrimination
D) insurance
E) diversity
223) The origins of stress vary from person to
person, and people --------- differently to
stressful events.
A) refer
B) rely
C) adopt
D) react
E) appeal

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224) This hotel certainly offers a high standard of
service at --------- rates.
A) contemporary
B) competitive
C) relative
D) conceivable
E) reliable
225) I'm sure the boy is not really backward, but
it is certainly difficult for him to --------- the
other students in his class.
A) pull up
B) make up for
C) keep up with
D) turn down
E) take over
226) Every community in the world recognizes
certain activities as crimes, and has
developed its own way of --------- them.
A) depending on
B) looking after
C) breaking into
D) making for
E) dealing with
227) The visitors ware taken to the airport, and
there they were --------- by the assistant
manager.
A) made off
B) seen off
C) put through
D) turned out
E) looked over
228) The top research universities in the U.S.A.
are ------- the fact that women researchers
are encountering substantial barriers to
career advancement.
A) waiting for
B) pulling out of
C) facing up to
D) trying out
E) turning up
229) His doctor ------- advising him to take it easy
for a while and stop all overtime but he
didn't listen.
A) made up
B) kept on
C) ran through
D) left out
E) played down
230) I'm afraid I can't ------- the signature on this
painting, but it has been signed.
A) make out
B) take out
C) find out
D) turn back
E) put down
231) Our understanding of the development of
behaviour has long been hampered by the
tendency to ------- sharply between "innate"
and "acquired" behaviour.
A) exclude
B) separate
C) distinguish
D) infer
E) assess
232) Owing to the shortages in some building
materials and labour ------- in some trades,
the building industry began to make more
use of prefabricated.
A) components
B) immunity
C) reliably
D) cavity
E) scarcity
233) In a blizzard, the ------- of very low
temperatures, strong wind and suffocating
snow often proves fatal.
A) expectation
B) endurance
C) engagement
D) consistence
E) combination
234) As regards the proposals for the treaty on
economic cooperation, my government has
certain --------- concerning them.
A) complications
B) reservations
C) disturbances
D) restrictions
E) predictions
235) The ------- concerning total disarmament
have broken down without leading any
fruitful results.
A) intentions
B) complaints
C) negotiations
D) commitments
E) involvements
236) A well-organized company that knows its
products are of a high standard does not
fear ------- .
A) conversion
B) concentration
C) competition
D) departure
E) pretension

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237) Nearly half of the world's countries have -----
capital punishment in law or in practice, and
some two dozen of them have done so
formally since 1980s.
A) accused
B) abolished
C) executed
D) entailed
E) frustrated
238) A hundred years ago the chestnut ------ a quarter
of the hardwood trees in America.
A) turned down
B) got through
C) made up
D) made out
E) put down
239) Fats can only be ------- for energy by aerobic
metabolism.
A) set up
B) cut out
C) put on
D) broken down
E) turned off
240) You should ------- this treatment for a further
week by which time recovery will be
complete.
A) take off
B) bring in
C) run on
D) put up with
E) keep to
241) The main focus of the study that will be ------
by a multidisciplinary team will be the genes
and proteins of organisms within the
context of their informational pathways or
networks.
A) looked for
B) carried out
C) made out
D) let down
E) brought up
242) During the measles epidemic, it was
observed that the disease had developed a
------- to certain drugs that had once been
effective.
A) resistance
B) risk
C) denial
D) scheme
E) condition
243) Our metabolism ------- most of the
carbohydrates we have either into glucose
or into glycogen.
A) breaks
B) deducts
C) converts
D) destroys
E) collaborates
244) It is a fact that moderate amounts of sugar
are usually not harmful but, taken in excess,
sugar can be ------ to our health.
A) vulnerable
B) nutritious
C) preferable
D) preventive
E) detrimental
245) In his fiction, William Faulkner uses a
complex literary style that seems to -------
his intricate themes of good and evil.
A) fit in with
B) clear out
C) put up with
D) make out
E) take after
246) The government has ------- a set of new
policies and measures which are designed
to combat violence in big towns.
A) got off
B) found out
C) let down
D) taken down
E) worked out
247) The judge quickly ------- his notes before
sentencing the accused.
A) took over
B) made up
C) looked through
D) put off
E) found out
248) When Shakespeare died in Stradford in
1660, no collected ------- of his plays had
been published.
A) title
B) edition
C) section
D) print
E) manuscript

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249) British supermarkets have more political
influence than ------- any other corporate
sector in Britain.
A) often
B) immediately
C) almost
D) fairly
E) quite
250) Several international treaties and
conferences have -------- the prohibition of
chemical warfare.
A) put up with
B) looked down
C) turned off
D) filled in
E) dealt with
251) Reflex behaviour is ------- ; it arises
automatically in response to an appropriate
stimulus.
A) insignificant
B) invalid
C) insufficient
D) involuntary
E) inadequate
252) To increase its exports, the company is ------
highly motivated professionals with
experience in international trade.
A) applying
B) replacing
C) agreeing
D) holding
E) seeking
253) Iron is one of the most abundant minerals and
the most ------ to weathering.
A) resistant
B) reliable
C) convenient
D) reluctant
E) indifferent
254) Water and air pollution could one day
endanger the world's -------- of oxygen.
A) recovery
B) supply
C) extinction
D) exploitation
E) decline
255) The physicians are ------- pleased with the
progress the patient is making, and she may
leave hospital tomorrow.
A) randomly
B) slowly
C) successfully
D) carefully
E) nearly
256) When he referred in his speech to "bio-
complexity" most of the audience were
surprised and -------- what that word meant.
A) expected
B) suspected
C) wondered
D) improved
E) rejected
257) No plan is ever perfect, and strategists are
------- trying to refine their plans for the
future technological innovations.
A) uniformly
B) formerly
C) mentally
D) constantly
E) equally
258) The proposal put forward by the research
assistant was immediately -------- by the
committee and the studies will shortly go
into effect.
A) made for
B) taken up
C) ruled out
D) put off
E) turned back
259) Over one million wheat farmers in France
have been -------- business following the
import of heavily subsidised wheat from
Italy.
A) put out of
B) brought up to
C) made up for
D) played down to
E) shown up to
260) If the ------- of profits falls in one area of
activity, entrepreneurs may move their
resources to an industry where the returns
are higher.
A) phase
B) liability
C) level
D) supply
E) policy
261) Almost all the villages in New Guinea are
surrounded by shrubby zones where people
have -------- the original rain forest and
planted gardens.
A) kept out
B) wrapped up
C) made up
D) cleared away
E) sealed off

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262) In many countries training for industry has
always been considered to be ------- the
concern of industry itself, not of the state.
A) socially
B) primarily
C) suitably
D) firmly
E) reputedly
263) Recent studies have shown that smokers
are more ------- to common colds and flu
than non-smokers.
A) feasible
B) susceptible
C) applicable
D) reliable
E) responsible
264) Even quite late in the twentieth century,
many men assumed that entry into certain
professions was their ------- right.
A) independent
B) exclusive
C) adequate
D) excessive
E) confidential
265) Evidence of racial bias in sentencing helped
to convince certain states in America to ------
capital punishment in the late 1960s and
early 1970s.
A) keep down
B) rule against
C) put out
D) point out
E) break through
266) In Britain the prime minister is still
appointed by the sovereign, but the latter's
----- in the selection process may now be
said to be merely nominal.
A) explanation
B) process
C) exhaustion
D) conservation
E) participation
267) He admits that he has not yet fully-------- the
true implications or the logical conclusions
of his startling discovery.
A) given back
B) thought out
C) played down
D) taken over
E) backed out
268) ------- populated, rural Northumberland is
one of the most unspoiled countries in
England.
A) Sparsely
B) Nearly
C) Primarily
D) Suitably
E) Efficiently
269) Anti-lock brakes (ABS) help you to maintain
steering control of your car even while
braking on ------- roads.
A) lonesome
B) fast
C) reckless
D) slippery
E) stagnant
270) Few would ------- that corporations,
especially the multinational ones, are
enormously powerful.
A) involve
B) resume
C) promise
D) disdain
E) deny
271) No -------- authority has the right to dictate
whether a state shall adopt a socialist or a
capitalist economic policy.
A) comprehensive
B) outside
C) reputable
D) irresponsible
E) compulsive
272) Natural disasters have been defined as
ecological disruptions exceeding the
adjustment capacity of a community and
------- outside assistance.
A) stepping up
B) putting up with
C) look after
D) calling for
E) dealing with
273) A basic ------- of amphibious warfare is
undoubtedly command of the sea.
A) withdrawal
B) involvement
C) determination
D) concession
E) requirement

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274) Bacteria have remarkable capacity for -------
tolerance to previously lethal drugs.
A) acquiring
B) denouncing
C) deceiving
D) repudiating
E) recovering
275) If you want that post you'd better apply
quickly; the last day for ------- applications is
Friday.
A) reversing
B) withholding
C) enforcing
D) submitting
E) committing
276) In this paper I should like to report some of
the results of an ------- study of two hundred
London families.
A) extreme
B) intrinsic
C) intensive
D) emphatic
E) apparent
277) For the present, the party is expected to put
its differences aside and campaign ------- for
a victory at the forthcoming elections.
A) vigorously
B) awkwardly
C) precisely
D) distinctly
E) reluctantly
278) Industry has developed rapidly in certain
countries as raw materials are -------
available there.
A) repeatedly
B) scarcely
C) consequently
D) abundantly
E) indefinitely
279) I wasn't at all impressed by the ------- he
gave me.
A) distribution
B) explanation
C) determination
D) complication
E) negotiation
280) The problem of how to ------- the vast
quantities of waste we produce requires our
urgent attention.
A) bring up
B) win over
C) find out
D) put off
E) deal with
281) Once the children have grown up I shall
start travelling again, and I'm really -------
that.
A) passing on to
B) waiting up for
C) looking forward to
D) making up for
E) going along with
282) The United Kingdom has made significant
contributions to the world economy, ----- in
technology and industry.
A) especially
B) likely
C) eventually
D) indispensably
E) favourably
283) Our challenge is to ------- our clients with the
best possible advice and support, enabling
them to take the right direction at both
strategic and operational levels.
A) expand
B) consult
C) improve
D) provide
E) respect
284) Since most of the world’s commercial
apples lack genetic diversity, they are
unable to ------- a disease or a pest.
A) put away
B) hold up
C) fight off
D) get off
E) break out
285) The 1990s have seen a general ------- in aid
to poor countries, largely because of fiscal
pressures in many rich countries.
A) consumption
B) decline
C) contingency
D) conviction
E) expenditure
286) The whole business of having meals at fixed
------- is nothing but a social convention and,
in modern life, a matter of convenience.
A) approaches
B) substances
C) intervals
D) requirements
E) proportions

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287) The ------- was not a happy one at the time,
but looking back on it I suppose I’m glad it
occurred.
A) improvement
B) regression
C) encounter
D) intention
E) compromise
288) Questions of race, ethnicity, and religion
have been a ------- source of conflict in
American education.
A) previous
B) perennial
C) vulnerable
D) naughty
E) casual
289) The contemporary world economy differs
------- from what the traditional economic
theorists of the 1930s envisaged.
A) primarily
B) likely
C) conversely
D) profoundly
E) intimately
290) When the rate of exchange began to rise
again, he felt --------- to call a meeting of the
financial staff.
A) obliged
B) blamed
C) consumed
D) omitted
E) rewarded
291) Since the 1950s modern dance in Europe
and America has ------- a vigorous process
of creativity.
A) cast
B) explored
C) constituted
D) relaxed
E) followed
292) The assassination by terrorists of Signor
Aldo Moro, five times Prime Minister of Italy,
in May 1978 was ------- by everyone as an act
of barbarism.
A) applauded
B) appealed
C) reiterated
D) condemned
E) restrained
293) The recent economic figures --------- that the
country is slowly coming out of the crisis.
A) commit
B) imply
C) incur
D) evolve
E) invoke
294) In recent years ------- complex and persistent
problems in economic and social fields have
led people to wonder why once comfortable
answers no longer seem adequate to
today’s questions.
A) generously
B) inadvertently
C) increasingly
D) ingeniously
E) leisurely
295) I was greatly impressed by the way the
judge conducted the trial, --------- when it
came to summing up the case.
A) particularly
B) completely
C) sufficiently
D) effectively
E) respectively
296) Asthma is a common ------ in which the airways
lining the lung become inflamed.
A) diagnosis
B) disease
C) fury
D) patient
E) recovery
297) I was astonished to learn how such an
experienced man as Dr. Foster could ------ by
her tricks.
A) looked up
B) found out
C) run over
D) made up
E) taken in
298) After that last incident, even the manager
admits that we can ------ their services.
A) go on
B) do without
C) put out
D) show off
E) break into

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KPDS-ÜDS-YDS
299) Because of their high toxic contents, none
of these chemicals can ----- be permitted for
export to any country.
A) fruitfully
B) adequately
C) presently
D) notoriously
E) equivocally
300) People curious to get some idea of what it is
like to be black in a country ----- by whites
need look no further than Dennis Williams’s
new novel “Crossover”.
A) tempted
B) undermined
C) perpetrated
D) run
E) deemed
301) From the report released today it appears
that oil tankers suffer their major ------- on
their return journeys.
A) spills
B) costs
C) repairs
D) drills
E) crews
302) It is plain that the United Nations will not lift
the sanctions unless the Iraqi government
fully ------- with the Security Council
resolutions.
A) matches
B) elaborates
C) complies
D) resumes
E) accomplishes
303) When the chairman tried to explain his
views to the shareholders at the -------
general meeting, he was shouted down by
them with cries of “Resign!”.
A) annual
B) minimal
C) essential
D) ultimate
E) recurrent
304) The Jewish immigrants, who ------- the boat
in England, formed the bulk of the ethnic
groups arriving in a country historically
wary of foreigners.
A) took after
B) got off
C) turned up
D) made up
E) showed off
305) Progress in materials research is ------- to
overcoming such problems as the finiteness
of the world’s resources and possible
shortages of strategic materials.
A) crucial
B) inexpensive
C) adamant
D) subversive
E) subsequent
306) I don’t know how we are going to ------- the
expected surge of immigrants into the
country.
A) run through
B) cope with
C) put out
D) take down
E) look over
307) He was rather ------ when he learned that his
proposal had been turned down.
A) hurried on
B) sent away
C) found out
D) seen to
E) put out
308) At the board meeting, his suggestion was
------ as it seemed politically controversial.
A) put out
B) taken out
C) held in
D) burst into
E) cast aside
309) Despite the gusty wind they were able to put
out the fire before it ------ .
A) fell off
B) was taken into account
C) was held out
D) got out of hand
E) broke up
310) Following the bomb explosion in the
shopping centre, the police have been
warning people to ------ any suspicious
looking parcels.
A) rely on
B) run through
C) take over
D) watch out for
E) send for
311) I can’t ------ the signature of the oil paint, but
it has been signed.
A) make out
B) turn out
C) turn over
D) find out
E) take up

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KPDS-ÜDS-YDS
312) Before I send this article to the editor, I
would be grateful if you could ------ it for me.
A) watch out
B) look up
C) break through
D) take over
E) go through
313) I had my doubts about her when I took her
on, but now I’m pleased to say that she has
------ to be a talented executive.
A) taken up
B) run over
C) turned out
D) made out
E) carried on
314) The operation weakened him, but he’ll
shortly ------ now that he knows he is coming
out of hospital.
A) watch out for
B) put through
C) keep up with
D) made up
E) pull through
315) If a part of the city is ------- residential use,
no one may build a factory there.
A) borne down
B) made for
C) taken out
D) zoned for
E) checked with
316) One of the disadvantages of growing older
is that you never seem to have the
opportunity to ------ all of the sports you
would like to.
A) catch sight of
B) make room for
C) lose track of
D) take part in
E) set sail to
317) Aristotelianism ------ a geocentric view of the
universe and dealt with nature in qualitative
rather than quantitative terms.
A) held out
B) got about
C) rested on
D) sorted out
E) worn off
318) No one knows when the oil wells of the
world will ------, but what is certain is that
before they do, alternative sources of
energy must be developed.
A) dry up
B) run up
C) back off
D) drop off
E) lay over
319) The Congress have ------ a big problem in
their economic policy: the unions won’t co-
operate, and management doesn’t approve
of what they are trying to do.
A) looked down upon
B) cut down on
C) fit up to
D) got away with
E) come up against
320) The manager who was said to have revealed
the plans so as to get financial benefit ------
after the criticism from the share-holders.
A) set up
B) stood for
C) stepped down
D) got over
E) broke up
321) It has become a fashion among famous
people to use some of their money to ------
needy people.
A) comply with
B) run for
C) call off
D) provide for
E) sort out
322) In our national policies, we should -------
growth of all sectors of our economy and
not just the export sector.
A) keep pace with
B) run out of
C) lay emphasis on
D) take advantage of
E) bear in mind
323) Medical professionals have always ------
visual analysis to provide clues about a
patients condition.
A) run through
B) relied on
C) caught up with
D) watched out for
E) put out

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324) Before the meeting begins, it'd be advisable
to remind him that he's not, on any account,
to ------ the subject of unemployment.
A) look through
B) take back
C) bring up
D) break out
E) make out
325) I heard that this morning someone ------, but
you were out and they left.
A) paid in
B) joined in
C) called by
D) got by
E) passed out
326) Among the Maori of New Zealand, each
community has developed its own way of
------ crimes and has chosen a number of
different punishments to match them.
A) holding up
B) coming along
C) dealing with
D) paying for
E) taking over
327) The population of the underdeveloped
countries is growing so fast that the
agricultural activities there are unable to
------ the progressively rising demand for
food.
A) keep up with
B) make sure of
C) look out for
D) bring up
E) sort out
328) When sulfur dioxide emissions from electric
power plants ------- particles of water in the
atmosphere, they fall to ground as acid rain
or snow.
A) combine with
B) range from
C) rely upon
D) compose of
E) put ahead
329) The two archaeologists have tried hard to
read the inscription in old Latin, but I do not
suppose they have ------ what it literally
means.
A) got away with
B) written off
C) taken after
D) made out
E) brought up
330) It is hard for a tiger, especially an
inexperienced one, to ------ how to attack an
animal that is facing it.
A) figure out
B) keep away
C) rule out
D) fall back
E) run over
331) I will be calling in at their office tomorrow,
so I can ------ those documents for you if you
like.
A) cut down
B) bring about
C) put across
D) pick up
E) wipe out
332) Because critical periods occur throughout
pregrancy, a woman should continuously
------ her health.
A) keep in with
B) put up with
C) find out
D) take good care of
E) look up to
333) His theory seems, at first, to be plausible,
but the facts in his research don't ------ .
A) turn up
B) add up
C) take after
D) make up
E) back out
334) Babies of our age are healthier and better
------ than those of the past and far fewer of
them die in infancy.
A) disposed of
B) fed up
C) rounded up
D) looked into
E) cared for
335) Before the plane ------ , the flight attendant
told everyone to fasten their seat belts and
put their chairs in an upright position.
A) borne out
B) closed in
C) turned up
D) took off
E) got down
336) The atmosphere ------ the earth as if it were a
huge roof.
A) breaks up
B) makes for
C) hangs over
D) puts off
E) runs over

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KPDS-ÜDS-YDS
337) Popular protest and extensive media
coverage finally helped ------ change in the
country's environmental policies.
A) keep off
B) rule out
C) bring about
D) point out
E) break up
338) In the introduction to this book, the writer
------ a foreign policy that makes world peace
the top priority.
A) calls for
B) holds out
C) keeps up
D) puts on
E) brings about
339) This radio station is based in Chicago,
which is 60 miles from here. That is why the
broadcast doesn't ------ clearly.
A) turn down
B) get through
C) come in
D) make off
E) put down
340) Whatever the pressures put upon him, I
think it is highly unlikely that James would
ever ------ anyone.
A) walk away with
B) give in to
C) make up for
D) get away with
E) fall through
341) In the early twentieth century, a number of
scientists, who had been trained as
physicists, were interested in the study of
biological organisms, and their efforts ------
the field we now call “molecular biology”.
A) took leave of
B) made up for
C) gave rise to
D) showed up
E) fell part
342) I don't know how we are going to ------ the
expected surge of immigrants into the
country.
A) run through
B) cope with
C) put out
D) take down
E) look over
343) In Ethiopia, primitive farming practices and
uncontrolled clearing of natural vegetation
have transformed much of the country’s
highlands ------- bare landscapes, but all
destroyed ------- erosion.
A) above / of
B) for / with
C) into / by
D) in / under
E) to / at
344) Though only a handful of savants were even
------ Newton's existence, he had arrived at
the point where he had become the leading
mathematician in Europe.
A) exposed to
B) aware of
C) content with
D) capable of
E) appropriate for
345) He's basically a very realient person, so you
can be sure he'll soon ------ this
disappointment.
A) make out
B) put through
C) get over
D) look up
E) give up
346) In an effort to ------ the rate of inflation, many
banks have raised their interest rates.
A) run out of
B) watch out
C) stand by
D) put out
E) keep up with
347) I would like to open a private old people's
home but I don't know yet how to ------ it.
A) look through
B) set about
C) rush open
D) put on
E) turn on
348) As my secretary will be away for a couple of
days, would you be kind enough to ------ my
correspondence?
A) play back
B) bring off
C) take care of
D) return to
E) turn off

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KPDS-ÜDS-YDS
349) The committee has ------ the matter, but they
have found no irregularities.
A) looked into
B) taken off
C) played down
D) stood for
E) made up
350) Due to industrialization and colonization,
the nineteenth century ------ the greatest
expansion of wealth the world had ever
known.
A) brought about
B) put off
C) held up
D) gave in
E) set off
351) For legal reasons, our lawyer wants to ------
the papers thoroughly before we sign them.
A) go over
B) write off
C) take in
D) pull together
E) check out
352) As soon as the leak in the tank was noticed,
one of the engineers was naturally ------ .
A) taken after
B) run down
C) made out
D) sent for
E) turned up
353) There ------- many efforts to eradicate
racism, but very little success ------- .
A) were / had been achieved
B) had been / would have been achieved
C) have been / has been achieved
D) are / was achieved
E) may be / will have been achieved
354) Evaporation ------- the process by which a
solid or liquid ------- into vapour by heat.
A) had been / resolved
B) was / had resolved
C) has been / was resolved
D) may be / has resolved
E) is / is resolved
355) The Etruscans, who ------- a great part of
Italy about 900 BC, ------- from Asia Minor.
A) had colonised / originally came
B) colonised / had originally come
C) were colonised / have originally come
D) have colonised / originally come
E) were colonising / might originally come
356) He ------- his paper by saying that the entire
history of human race ---- by transfers of
cultural and technological advance from one
civilisation to another.
A) concluded / had been marked
B) concludes / would have been marked
C) has concluded / was marked
D) had concluded / is marked
E) will conclude / was being marked
357) Economic recession and rising
unemployment, coupled ------- continued
increases ------- retail food prices, have
curtailed consumption.
A) with / in
B) through / through
C) by / for
D) at / about
E) within / over
358) The advance in the steel industry has been
marked ------- a progressive increase -------
size, complexity and capital outlay.
A) at / of
B) with / to
C) over / from
D) by / in
E) under / through
359) He is diplomatically qualified ------- to
negotiate for a mutual reduction of the
armed forces in the region.
A) enough
B) though
C) as well as
D) not only
E) also
360) We ----- no problems whatsoever with the
dam since it ---- forty years ago.
A) had / has been constructed
B) have had / was constructed
C) had had / had been constructed
D) are having / is constructed
E) were having / was being constructed
361) I was forced to admit that there was a drop
in sales towards the end of the year ---------
he had predicted.
A) such as
B) even so
C) in case
D) just as
E) so far as

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KPDS-ÜDS-YDS
362) The orders were that we ------- the area
within hours to prevent further loss of life.
A) had evacuated
B) have to evacuate
C) will have evacuated
D) had to evacuate
E) shall have to evacuate
363) The Deputy Prime Minister announced that it
was ------- early to propose amendments in
the legislation concerning industrial
relations.
A) as well as
B) just so
C) just as
D) as soon as
E) as yet too
364) The answer to the question ------- great art
can exist independently of religion will, ------,
depend on society’s moral and aesthetic
values.
A) what / in the same way
B) even if / in due course
C) whether / to a large extent
D) so that / in short
E) since / now and again
365) Clifford Goertz, probably ------- famous
anthropologist in the world today, has
revolutionised the way anthropology is
taught on campuses.
A) more
B) most
C) the most
D) the more
E) a
366) Activists are those in a political movement
who insist on taking active steps towards
their objectives ------- merely putting forward
an action program.
A) in order to
B) rather than
C) as far as
D) in that
E) so long as
367) The very idea of establishing a literary
‘canon’ has become -------- controversial that
the people running the Library of America
have wisely avoided using the term.
A) too
B) as
C) such
D) so
E) more
368) Thailand has lost half of its forests ------- its
population has ------- doubled in recent
decades.
A) as / more than
B) just as / mostly
C) so as / soon
D) in case / quite
E) because of / much
369) As he was not satisfied with the contents of
the document, he declined to sign it, and
none of the members attempted to persuade
him to, ------- .
A) also
B) too
C) as well
D) either
E) yet
370) Under these circumstances he should never
have been allowed to take charge of the
operation --------- he was the most senior of
the officers available.
A) why ever
B) whether
C) even though
D) whenever
E) so that
371) When the relief workers reached the scene
of the disaster, they immediately began to
help --------- who could do nothing for -------- .
A) that / himself
B) them / their
C) those / themselves
D) these / ourselves
E) us / yourself
372) Holding a yellow umbrella in his hand, he
said he didn’t know ------- it was, and added
that it was not ------- .
A) which / him
B) whose / his
C) who / her
D) whom / us
E) that / theirs
373) They haven’t met for twelve years or more,
but I understand they still write to --------- at
a regular interval.
A) the other
B) each other
C) themselves
D) the others
E) one other

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KPDS-ÜDS-YDS
374) It was foolish of me to turn down such an
offer; in fact ------- I think about it, ------- I
regret it.
A) as much / so much more
B) the more / as much
C) much / as much
D) the most / so much
E) the more / the more
375) The scheme has been --------- consideration
for a long time now, but I doubt whether it
will ever be put --------- effect.
A) under / into
B) within / through
C) for / to
D) in / off
E) over / ever
376) It was --------- his efforts that the two sides
finally agreed to hold talks --------- the
principles of economic cooperation.
A) by / through
B) ever / for
C) through / on
D) with / at
E) without / from
377) Why can’t you admit that --------- hard he
works, he will never manage to achieve what
his elder brother has achieved?
A) unless
B) whatsoever
C) though
D) whenever
E) however
378) Many more people would doubtlessly have
attended the debate --------- they had known
in advance who the principal speakers were.
A) if only
B) while
C) since
D) after
E) until
379) If our delegates hadn’t shown themselves
willing to come to terms, those from other
countries ------- .
A) would be, too.
B) wouldn’t have, either.
C) had not, either.
D) have had, too.
E) would have, too.
380) In recent decades the efficiency of the
United Nations --------- by a growing number
of countries.
A) will have been questioned
B) was questioned
C) had been questioned
D) would be questioned
E) has been questioned
381) They set up a liaison office in East Africa for
marketing their goods but now they wish
they --------- so.
A) had not done
B) have not done
C) would not do
D) would not have done
E) never do
382) As the decade ------- to wind down, Mark
Morris ------- as our century’s youngest great
choreographer.
A) has begun / had stood
B) will begin / is standing
C) was beginning / has stood
D) begins / stands
E) is beginning / has been standing
383) As ------- of our employees can afford cars of
------- own, they all have to rely on public
transport.
A) few / them
B) some / his
C) none / their
D) most / our
E) many / its
384) Private investments play ------ important a part in
the country’s long-running economic expansion
------ no government dares to increase taxation on
personal savings.
A) too / that
B) such / as
C) much / so
D) so / that
E) as / as
385) It seems likely that, by the end of the week,
the costs involved in the construction of the
bridge --------- by the Ministry.
A) would have been announced
B) would be announced
C) are being announced
D) will have been announced
E) have been announced

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KPDS-ÜDS-YDS
386) In the past few months, our company
director ------- more mettle than most
industrialists ------- in an entire career.
A) had shown / have done
B) showed / would do
C) shows / did
D) was showing / may have done
E) has shown / do
387) If they ------- what sort of a person he was,
they ------- him their support.
A) would know / didn’t give
B) knew / won’t give
C) had known / wouldn’t have given
D) would have known / hadn’t given
E) have known / haven’t given
388) Of the many attempts that ------- to regulate
language one way or another, very few ------ .
A) were made / had succeeded
B) have been made / have succeeded
C) are made / succeeded
D) could have been made / will succeed
E) are being made / may have succeeded
389) I don’t imagine he wrote the speech -------
but ------- did so, certainly made a good job
of it.
A) for them / whomsoever
B) of his / somebody
C) by him / they
D) himself / whoever
E) themselves / whichever
390) His proposals ------- the new social security
policy seems more viable than any of the
others.
A) by way of
B) due to
C) owing to
D) in case of
E) as regards
391) There are situations ------- the best way to
heal the patient is to help him die peacefully.
A) from where
B) in that
C) whence
D) for whom
E) in which
392) Had they apologised for deliberately
overcharging me, I ----- a complaint with the
Consumers’ rights Office.
A) will not have filed
B) may not have filed
C) would not have filed
D) was not filing
E) may not file
393) An acorn, left to itself becomes an oak, and
a geneticist ------- its DNA to make it grow
into an elm may justly be said ------- with its
natural course.
A) altering / to have interfered
B) having altered / to interfere
C) to alter / having interfered
D) being altered / interfered
E) to have altered / to be interfering
394) He’s certainly going to recommend that the
changes in the structure of the company be
introduced step by step, and ------- .
A) so I am
B) so am I
C) so do I
D) I do, too
E) I also do
395) Do you really believe that the party
programme ------- it now stands, is
democratic ------- to influence the vote in our
favour.
A) as / enough
B) since / also
C) where / as well
D) such as / too
E) that / even
396) ------- the recent rise in unemployment
largely affects eastern Germany, there is
considerable unrest in western Germany,
too.
A) Since
B) In case
C) Although
D) Unless
E) Until
397) ------- he was campaigning for relection last
year, he promised that ------- relected, he
would undertake to restructure the party.
A) Wherever / lest
B) Because / while
C) As / since
D) While / unless
E) When / if
398) ------ the terms of the forthcoming trade
agreement, Japan wins parity ------- the
United States.
A) Through / above
B) By / of
C) From / from
D) Under / with
E) After / over

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399) We have yet to take ------- consideration the
problem of how large future national armies
should eventually be, regardless ------- their
current size.
A) onto / at
B) in / in
C) for / with
D) under / from
E) into / of
400) Of all the policies put into effect by the
Thatcher governments, ------- controversial
was the economic one.
A) most
B) the more
C) the most
D) more
E) mostly
401) If the others hadn’t voted in favor of the
younger candidate, I probably wouldn’t have
done so ------- .
A) even
B) either
C) too
D) also
E) as well
402) Scientists rely on computers to model
phenomena ------- would ------- be difficult to
observe.
A) whereby / in case
B) such as / nonetheless
C) which / nevertheless
D) that / otherwise
E) so that / in fact
403) The lawyer decided to call ------- of the
witnesses only and paid no attention to
------- .
A) both / others
B) the two / any other
C) two / the others
D) some / another
E) any / some others
404) ------- the embargo imposed on us is lifted in
the near future, we can’t hope for any
economic recovery.
A) Whereas
B) While
C) Because
D) In case
E) Unless
405) We are prevented ------- completing the
project ------- time due to unforeseen
circumstances.
A) from / on
B) in / by
C) by / in
D) at / over
E) for / about
406) Several experts were working on the project,
and each came up with some interesting
proposals, and naturally ------- claimed that
------- was the best.
A) many / each
B) some / its
C) we / it
D) each / his
E) all / he
407) Today the expansion of knowledge in
astronomy, physics, chemistry, and biology
is ------- vast and complex, and multiplying
------- quickly to be mastered fully.
A) so / that
B) too / too
C) just as / as
D) as well / as
E) so / so
408) The Hollywood studio system in film
making, which began ------- 1920 and
flourished from the early 1930s ------- the
1950s is unique in Western culture.
A) throughout / into
B) around / through
C) by / until
D) within / over
E) along / till
409) ------- proving useful in many scientific
fields, computers-generated knowledge,
------- Professor Hayes acknowledges, is not
without pitfalls.
A) Although / because
B) Since / while
C) While / as
D) As long as / even if
E) Once / whether or not
410) ------- suggestion he may make as regards
the tax rate, let’s not give any response
------- we have discussed the matter
thoroughly together.
A) However / when
B) Whyever / after
C) Whatsoever / while
D) Whatever / until
E) Whenever / before

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KPDS-ÜDS-YDS
411) Most newspapers are of the opinion that if a
majority of Scots really ------- independence,
the British Parliament has no option but
------- to their wishes.
A) did want / had acceded
B) wanted / have acceded
C) had wanted / would have acceded
D) do want / to accede
E) would have wanted / acceded
412) For a hundred years or so, some critics
------- that poetry is dying and all that time
poets ------- poems that later generations
recognise as great.
A) have maintained / have been writing
B) maintained / wrote
C) had maintained / were writing
D) maintain / are writing
E) would maintain / had been writing
413) What I ------- is that we ------- to think
seriously about a thorough reform in the
legal system.
A) have proposed / should have begun
B) had proposed / were beginning
C) am proposing / begin
D) was proposing / have begun
E) proposed / had begun
414) When the Italian astronomer Giovanni
Schiaparelli ------- a map of Mars in 1877, he
------- a large number of straight linear
features, which he called “canali” that is
“channels”.
A) publishes / has noted
B) had published / was noting
C) has published / notes
D) published / noted
E) would have published / had noted
415) If we ------- the terms of the contract, all the
paint-work in the building ------- finished by
the 5th of next month.
A) are to meet / will have to be
B) were meeting / will be
C) met / would have had to be
D) had met / is being
E) will meet / was being
416) We are confident that the management and
the workforce will get on well together as
long as ------- respects ------- .
A) the other / another
B) both / itself
C) the one / another
D) everyone / themselves
E) each / the other
417) The term "aborigines" signifies the original
inhabitants of any country, ------- the native
tribes of Australia.
A) with regard to
B) due to
C) in spite of
D) in particular
E) according to
418) Today the United States, still by far -------
prosperous country in the world, is
increasing its working hours ------- creating a
more positive balance between work and
leisure time.
A) the more / as well as
B) most / in spite of
C) more / than
D) the most / instead of
E) the / just as
419) The telephone is at the centre of innovative
technologies ------- may alter forever -------
we receive and use information.
A) which / but
B) so that / since
C) that / how
D) as / although
E) whereas / in case
420) The editor thought that the new series of
articles would prove very popular, but
actually hardly ------- seems to have been
impressed by it.
A) nobody
B) anyone
C) the other
D) any other
E) somebody
421) The report presents a general overview of
the problems that ------- when a disaster ------
nation.
A) would have been encountered / will hit
B) are encountered / will hit
C) have been encountered / had hit
D) had been encountered / was being hit
E) will be encountered / hits
422) There have been some art critics who -------
in depreciation of Van Gogh that he ------- a
draughtsman all his life.
A) had maintained / has remained
B) have maintained / remained
C) were maintaining / had remained
D) maintained / would have remained
E) will maintain / remains

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423) The Romanian Privatisation Authority
announced last week that Renault of France
------- to be the sole bidder for a majority
stake in the national car company, Dacia,
which ------- cheap cars for the domestic
market.
A) would turn out / had made
B) has turned out / made
C) would have turned out / is making
D) is turning out / has made
E) might turn out / makes
424) Fish farming in the world seems to be
destined to expand, but it is ------- early to
predict the likely extent of growth in this
field.
A) as well
B) enough
C) too
D) as
E) so far
425) Although the American writer Katherine
Anne Porter used a variety of places -------
the setting of her short stories and novels,
she frequently came ------- to the scenes of
her early days.
A) through / over
B) within / in
C) for / back
D) without / for
E) under / up
426) British TV is still stuck ------- a regulatory
structure designed ------ a bygone age.
A) with / for
B) off / within
C) up / in
D) away / by
E) through / over
427) In developing new collective defence policies,
America and her European allies will ------ be
drawn closer together ------ drift irreversibly
apart.
A) either / or
B) not only / but also
C) so / that
D) both / and
E) just as / so
428) Originally the sonnet was an Italian poetical
form which attained great popularity in the
Renaissance, and ---- it was natural, ----- not
essential, for Shakespeare and his
contemporaries to use it.
A) while / though
B) since / however
C) furthermore / rather than
D) already / even
E) hence / if
429) The book of "A Thousand and One Nights" is a
collection of fascinating tales of the Orient, of
Mixed Indian, Persian, Arabic, and Egyptian
origination, and first ----- in Europe by Antoine
Galland's French translation in the early
eighteenth century.
A) having known
B) to know
C) to be known
D) made known
E) to be made known
430) At the Brussels meeting over the last
weekend Madeleine Albright, The American
secretary of State, ------- her allies that future
NATO missions ------- them further afield, but
not all over the world.
A) assures / is taking
B) has assured / will have taken
C) assured / would take
D) had assured / took
E) was assuring / will take
431) They claim that their aim is to establish long
term cooperation ------- their customers, ------
a basis of partnership and mutual trust.
A) for / over
B) with / on
C) by / through
D) from / in
E) among / for
432) In their discussions concerning the
proposed defence strategies, NATO
diplomats found they could not agree -------
what the alliance was ---- , what weapons it
would threaten to use and in what
circumstances.
A) on / for
B) about / into
C) with / over
D) by / about
E) before / through
433) The collapse of Rome left ------- its wake a
large variety of ethnic communities -------
which modern European states emerged.
A) before / of
B) at / through
C) over / by
D) in / from
E) within / with
434) Marxism ------- an important movement in
Britain even though it ------- its origin here.
A) would never have been / takes
B) had never been / would take
C) never was / has taken
D) would never be / would have taken
E) has never been / took

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435) Germany’s weight in the European Union is
known, ------- what is not known, even to the
Germans themselves, is ------- they are to
use it.
A) but / how
B) in case / because
C) unless / why
D) lest / until
E) otherwise / where
436) Edward Gibbon’s great book The History of
the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
informs us ------- mankind’s predilection for
faction, augmented by environmental and
cultural differences, is ------- determines
history.
A) why / that
B) as / whereby
C) that / what
D) how / whoever
E) so that / whatever
437) It won’t be easy to find a replacement for
him, for ------- takes over is likely to meet the
same fate.
A) what
B) which
C) wherever
D) whoever
E) whichever
438) The majority of ------- are apprehensive
about new computer programmes, until
we’ve actually tried them out for ------- .
A) him / himself
B) us / ourselves
C) them / themselves
D) ours / us
E) theirs / ours
439) The history of the Venetian Republic ------- to
an end in 1797 when Venice ------- over to
Austria by Napoleon.
A) was coming / would have been handed
B) came / was handed
C) had come / has been handed
D) comes / had been handed
E) would come / was being handed
440) More than half of the 850 asylum seekers
currently detained in Britain ------- in prison
with no right of appeal, even though the vast
majority ------- with any offence, let alone
convicted.
A) were held / are not charged
B) are being held / have not been charged
C) have been held / would not be charged
D) being held / had not been charged
E) will be held / were not being charged
441) Over the past two decades, the Corsicans
------ their idyllic island, which was wrested
by France from the Genoese in 1768, ------
into terrorism, corruption and economic
decline.
A) have seen / sink
B) had seen / sank
C) saw / to sink
D) would have seen / had sunk
E) would see / had been sinking
442) For observers of international politics,
March 1998 ------- as a month when the
world’s superpower relations ------- a hopeful
new turn.
A) will be remembered / may have taken
B) had been remembered / would have taken
C) may be remembered / took
D) has been remembered / would take
E) would be remembered / will have taken
443) Apparently, the talks held between the two
governments concerning the prevention of
drug-trafficking have not been constructive
------- to produce any positive results.
A) just
B) as well
C) also
D) enough
E) so that
444) As far as I remember, it was in China that
they first met and got interested in the dam
project, -------?
A) don’t I
B) wasn’t it
C) do I
D) was it
E) did they
445) The East European countries are strongly
convinced that European Economic aid,
------- welcome, is not a substitute for market
access and eventual membership of the
European Union.
A) just as
B) lest
C) since
D) when
E) though
446) One gathers from the press that a large
majority of the people are not in favour of
the impeachment proceedings, and, frankly,
I’m not, ------- .
A) either
B) too
C) also
D) as well
E) even so

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KPDS-ÜDS-YDS
447) The fundamental problem for North Africa
is that the region has ------ people ------ the
arid environment can support.
A) not only / but also
B) so many / that
C) such / as
D) more / than
E) as much / as
448) I did manage to keep my temper, but I
couldn't refrain ------ pointing ------ that what
he had done was wrong.
A) in / at
B) at / to
C) by / away
D) for / off
E) from / out
449) It ------- a mistake to think that all bacteria
are harmful, for, without some species, we
------- for long.
A) is / had not survived
B) would be / could not survive
C) will be / have not survived
D) has been / would not have survived
E) had been / did not survive
450) Over the last few years, consumer interest
in organic agriculture ------ up dramatically,
and demand ------ currently ahead of supply.
A) has shot / is
B) shot / was
C) had shot / had been
D) is shooting / has been
E) was shooting / would be
451) Orwell ------- at that moment that when the
white man ------- tyrant it is his own freedom
that he destroys.
A) perceived / would turn
B) has perceived / turned
C) had perceived / has turned
D) would perceive / will turn
E) perceived / turns
452) Great natural disasters cause -------
widespread death ------ massive social
disruption and outbreaks of epidemic
disease.
A) much / as
B) so much / that
C) not only / but also
D) as / as
E) no sooner / than
453) Though they had ----- government backing ----- a
potential home market, the company poured
billions of dollars into the project and lost
everything.
A) with / less
B) neither / nor
C) some / any
D) no / without
E) few / more
454) Thesiger's passionate belief that traditional
societies around the world ------- against the
modern onslaught ------- fierce criticism.
A) were protected / will attract
B) have been protected / had attracted
C) are being protected / was attracting
D) ought to be protected / has attracted
E) would have been protected / would attract
455) All the reports ----- handed in last week, but
some of them still ------- me.
A) should have been / haven't reached
B) were / didn't reach
C) have been / won't reach
D) had been / didn't reach
E) would have been / don't reach
456) David Dickinson’s new play is a fairy-tale
romance, ------- a pregnant woman searches
for the father of her child during a torrential
rainstorm.
A) who
B) by whom
C) that
D) in which
E) whose
457) The true ecologist need not be a specialist
at all, ------- his views should reflect the
practical wisdom of ordinary people.
A) for
B) where
C) whether
D) in case
E) that
458) ------ half of the budget of the US National
Institute on Ageing is spent on research into
Alzheimer’s disease.
A) More of
B) Rather than
C) Other
D) The most
E) As much as

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KPDS-ÜDS-YDS
459) More importantly, Dobson's book is a
reminder of ------- powerful and radical green
thinking can be.
A) ever so
B) how far
C) wherever
D) much more
E) just how
460) You didn't have to invite all those people out
for lunch, so why ------?
A) didn't you
B) did you
C) have you
D) haven't you
E) don't you
461) This poem is generally supposed ----- in the
fifteenth century, but some people date it
even earlier.
A) being composed
B) to be composed
C) to have been composed
D) having been composed
E) to have composed
462) The failure so far to produce evidence of life
on any planet but ------- has given continued
strength to the belief in the uniqueness of
Earth.
A) us
B) their
C) ours
D) our
E) them
463) He ------- that the forests ------- to their
natural inhabitants, that is, to all varieties of
living things.
A) suggests / be returned
B) suggested / to be returned
C) has suggested / to have been returned
D) had suggested / are being returned
E) would have suggested / return
464) With the help of satellite images, the
Indonesian government ------ that it is the
timber companies which ------ the mass
destruction of their rain forests.
A) will show / would have caused
B) would have shown / had caused
C) had shown / were causing
D) shows / had been causing
E) has shown / are causing
465) By the late 1980s, a surge of prosperity ------
across southeast Asia, but in some
countries of the region the economic
structure ------ sufficiently to the benefit from
this trend.
A) would sweep / could not have developed
B) would have swept / has not developed
C) was sweeping / had not developed
D) has swept / was not developed
E) could have swept / was not developing
466) The ridicule that ------- upon him by leading
scientists of the day ------- to the novelty of
his thinking.
A) is being heaped / would testify
B) has been heaped / testified
C) had heaped / has testified
D) was heaping / had testified
E) was heaped / testifies
467) When I ------- as a fully licensed geneticist in
96, I thought I knew everything there was
------- about genetics.
A) had been graduated / to be known
B) graduated / to know
C) was graduated / to have known
D) have been graduated / known
E) have graduated / to have been known
468) Perhaps these people are ------- ignorant to
realize ------- serious a threat these fertilizers
are to their health.
A) more / than
B) so / why
C) as much / as
D) too / just how
E) not only / but also
469) I would have thought that only ----- naive
worker could be deceived by -------
assurances.
A) the more / neither
B) a most / each
C) the most / such
D) a much / any
E) most / same
470) The motive was ------- aesthetic and social
------- they sought to bring good design
within the reach of the ordinary man.
A) so / in that
B) both / because
C) just as / that
D) as much / as
E) too / therefore

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KPDS-ÜDS-YDS
471) He said I was submitting my application
form rather late, but now I find ------- have
still not submitted ------- .
A) most / their
B) none / any
C) many / it
D) others / theirs
E) a few / these
472) In order to understand the implications of
research ------- brain development one has to
make a systematic study ------- what children
know.
A) on / into
B) for / by
C) through / beyond
D) over / at
E) after / before
473) The arrival of Europeans in America
dislocated traditional ways of life and
altered the world ------- recognition.
A) for
B) beyond
C) at
D) off
E) from
474) I sent an mail to everyone in the department,
asking for articles for this special issue, but
------- there has been no response.
A) so long
B) on time
C) until then
D) even later
E) so far
475) The crisis is particularly serious ------- a
whole series of related issues ranging from
unemployment to health benefits are
involved.
A) so as
B) as well as
C) in order that
D) as for
E) since
476) He felt that soil drainage should be kept to a
minimum ------- much of the rainfall could be
retained ------- soil moisture.
A) so that / as
B) even though / such as
C) whereas / like
D) whereby / such
E) whether / or
477) If we are to prevent the flow of toxic
materials into the water reservoirs of the
country, there is no other possible scheme
available, ------- ?
A) isn't it
B) aren't we
C) is there
D) isn't there
E) are we
478) It looks ------- the hiring committee isn't
impressed by his qualifications, and I don't
think the manager of the company is, ------- .
A) like / also
B) as if / either
C) so that / as well
D) though / too
E) just as / neither
479) If he ------ the conditions of the insurance
policy carefully, he ------- that it did not cover
such eventualities.
A) has read / realised
B) reads / has realised
C) is reading / realises
D) were reading / had realised
E) had read / would have realised
480) Ever since the advent of industrialisation,
social scientists -------- the term "the
masses" to "the people".
A) have preferred
B) had preferred
C) will have preferred
D) would have preferred
E) would prefer
481) In the 1960s, the modernist idea that there
------ only one authentic style for the modern
age ----- in favour of the ideas of the plurality
of styles.
A) could be / will have been rejected
B) can be / is rejected
C) could have been / is being rejected
D) could be / was rejected
E) can be / would be rejected
482) When photography first appeared, some
people predicted that it -------- the death of
painting.
A) will have caused
B) will cause
C) would have caused
D) caused
E) would cause