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Fish morphology
- 1. Fish Morphology Great diversity exists among fishes body types and in adaptations they have that help them survive in their environment
- 2. Body Shape - Fusiform • Streamlined, torpedo- shaped • Fast open water swimmers • Predators • Move tail side to side • Ex: Tuna, Swordfish, Shark, Striped Bass, Salmon
- 3. Fusiform Elfin Cove, AlaskaElfin Cove, Alaska Orient Point, New YorkOrient Point, New York
- 4. Body Shape - Compressiform • Compressed from side to side • Quick bursts of speed over short distances • Live among plants, move among narrow spaces • Move tail side to side • Ex: Moonfish, Butterflyfish Front view
- 5. Body Shape - Depressiform • Flattened top to bottom • Live on the bottom • Predators or scavengers • Flap fins up and down, swim like a bird • Ex: Halibut, Flounder, Skates, Rays Front view
- 6. Elfin Cove, AlaskaElfin Cove, Alaska Montauk, New YorkMontauk, New York Check out tail shape Check out tail shape Depressiform
- 7. Body Shape – Filiform (Attenuated) • Elongated shape • Slow • Live soft mud, sand, or under rocks • Slither like a snake • Ex: Eels, Sand Lance Side view
- 8. Caudal Fin Shape • Caudal Fin = Tail • Homocercal = symmetrical • Heterocercal = asymmetrical
- 9. Tail Shape – Homocercal-Rounded • Large amount of surface area allows sharp turns, quick starts for predator avoidance • Creates drag, fish tires easily • Ex: Northern Puffer, Clownfish
- 10. Tail Shape – Homocercal-Truncate • Allows short bursts of speed to escape predators or constant slow swimming • Less drag than rounded • Bottom dwelling fish • Ex: Killifish, Flounder, Halibut (see slide 6)
- 11. Tail Shape – Homocercal-Forked • Allows constant swimming over long distances, reduces drag • Open water swimmers • Don’t need speed for protection or to catch food • Ex: Many schooling fish, Menhaden, Striped Bass, Porgies
- 12. Huntington, New York Huntington, New York Smithtown, New YorkSmithtown, New York Homocercal- Forked
- 13. Tail Shape – Homocercal- Lunate • Half-moon shaped • Fast moving oceanic swimmers • Less drag, great acceleration, reduced maneuverability • Ex: Tuna, Swordfish
- 14. Tail Shape – Heterocercal • Medium speed • Asymmetrical – top longer than bottom • No air bladder, so tail provides lift • Reduced maneuverability • Ex: Many sharks