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14. Marine Sediments
pages 113-136 in your text
It’s a Wet, Dirty World!
Ya Gotta Love It!!!
What is Sediment?
Matter that has been deposited by some
natural process
Where does marine sediment come
from?
Major Sediment Input to the Oceans-Land
Rivers contribute the most
Other Sources:
Glaciers and ice sheets
Wind blown dust
Coastal erosion
Volcanic debris
Groundwater
How do we know? We sample!
How is marine sediment classified?
• Oceanic (AKA Pelagic) – those found in
the open ocean (further away from
land)
• Neritic – those found in waters above
continental margins (closer to land)
(coastal, “n” for nearshore)
What sediments are found where?
Neritic
Pelagic
What are the sediment types?
1) Terrigenous - derived from land
2) Biogenous - derived from plants and animals
3) Hydrogenous - formed on or in the
sediments on the sea floor (AKA Authigenic)
4) Cosmogenous - particles from outer space
See page 119 in your text for a summary of
these
10 Marine Sediments Notes
1) Terrigenous Sediment
ex. Sahara Dust –
Turbidites – another example of
Terrigenous Sediment
Like a
landslide,
but it
happens
under
water
2)
If the ocean becomes more acidic, organisms
with calcium skeletons will be in trouble
Coccolithophore subjected to
acidic seas – before and after:
Corals have
calcium shells –
imagine a huge
worldwide reef
die-off!
Can you find the coccolithophore bloom?
Still don’t believe a teeny
organism can make sediment?
Famous White Chalk
cliffs in Etretat France –
actually hundreds of
millions of
coccolithophores!
Famous Painting by Monet:
3 & 4)
Evaporites – an example of
(3) Hydrogenous Sediment
Form when
seawater
evaporates
and is not
replaced
with fresh
water
Sampling for an example of Hydrogenous
Sediment – Hydrothermal Vents
Closer to Home…
Long Island –
Fire Island
Beach Sand
is mostly
Quartz,
Garnet, and
Magnetite
Grain Sizes
What is the
name of this
equipment?
Need To Check Your Notes?
• Check your details in your text and on
these sites:
http://www.indiana.edu/~g131/seds.html
http://geology.uprm.edu/Morelock/dpseaterrig.htm

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10 Marine Sediments Notes

  • 1. 14. Marine Sediments pages 113-136 in your text It’s a Wet, Dirty World! Ya Gotta Love It!!!
  • 2. What is Sediment? Matter that has been deposited by some natural process
  • 3. Where does marine sediment come from? Major Sediment Input to the Oceans-Land Rivers contribute the most Other Sources: Glaciers and ice sheets Wind blown dust Coastal erosion Volcanic debris Groundwater
  • 4. How do we know? We sample!
  • 5. How is marine sediment classified? • Oceanic (AKA Pelagic) – those found in the open ocean (further away from land) • Neritic – those found in waters above continental margins (closer to land) (coastal, “n” for nearshore)
  • 6. What sediments are found where? Neritic Pelagic
  • 7. What are the sediment types? 1) Terrigenous - derived from land 2) Biogenous - derived from plants and animals 3) Hydrogenous - formed on or in the sediments on the sea floor (AKA Authigenic) 4) Cosmogenous - particles from outer space See page 119 in your text for a summary of these
  • 9. 1) Terrigenous Sediment ex. Sahara Dust –
  • 10. Turbidites – another example of Terrigenous Sediment Like a landslide, but it happens under water
  • 11. 2)
  • 12. If the ocean becomes more acidic, organisms with calcium skeletons will be in trouble Coccolithophore subjected to acidic seas – before and after: Corals have calcium shells – imagine a huge worldwide reef die-off!
  • 13. Can you find the coccolithophore bloom?
  • 14. Still don’t believe a teeny organism can make sediment? Famous White Chalk cliffs in Etretat France – actually hundreds of millions of coccolithophores! Famous Painting by Monet:
  • 16. Evaporites – an example of (3) Hydrogenous Sediment Form when seawater evaporates and is not replaced with fresh water
  • 17. Sampling for an example of Hydrogenous Sediment – Hydrothermal Vents
  • 18. Closer to Home… Long Island – Fire Island Beach Sand is mostly Quartz, Garnet, and Magnetite
  • 19. Grain Sizes What is the name of this equipment?
  • 20. Need To Check Your Notes? • Check your details in your text and on these sites: http://www.indiana.edu/~g131/seds.html http://geology.uprm.edu/Morelock/dpseaterrig.htm

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. Distribution of pelagic sedimentDominant component Composition Atlantic Pacific IndianTotal % Foraminiferal ooze and nannofossil oozeCalcium carbonate65 365447Pteropod ooze Calcium carbonate20.1- 0.5Diatom oozeSilica (opal)71020 12Radiolarian oozeSilica (opal)-50.53Red (actually brown) clay K, FeAl silicate26492538
  2. Check it out in the Metropolitan Museum of Art - 1883