1. Industrial Revolution
U.S. History II
By Jackie White

2. Bellwork
Describe what you think is the American Dream is?

3. Biography/Creative Writing
Carefully look at the photograph on the
next slide.
Write a 1-2 paragraph biography describing
the person that you think lived here.
Include the following:
 location
 occupation
 cost of living
 time period
 number of people who lived together
 amount of living space

5. 20 Questions
Carefully look at the photograph
on the next slide.
Your task is to figure out, who
lived here?
Create one question for me to
answer to help you solve the
mystery.

8. Andrew Carnegie’s birthplace
Location: Dunfermline, Scotland
Occupation: weaver
Rent: $20/year
Time: 1835-1848
Living area: 330 square feet
Family of 4

9. http://www.carnegieclub.co.uk/
Skibo Castle
Location: Dornoch, Scotland
Occupation: Steel magnate
Cost: $10,000,000 in 1900
$100,000,000 in 2000
Time: 1897-1919
Living area: 22,000 acres (34 square
miles) 60,000 square feet
Family of 3

10. Questions
• Why do you think Andrew Carnegie's family decided to
move to the U.S.?
• Do you think that Carnegie's birthplace home in
Dunfermline was characteristic of someone in a low,
middle, or upper class? And Why.
• Did Andrew Carnegie achieve the American Dream?
• Who could be considered the Andrew Carnegie of
today?

11. Was Carnegie a Hero?
Does rising from “rags” to “riches” make a person a
hero?
Do Americans make heroes out of people who make
it from poverty? (Abe Lincoln, Babe Ruth, Ronald
Reagan)
Can acquiring great wealth hurt a person’s chance of
being a hero?
Do Americans sometimes resent people with lots of
money?
Can a person born rich be a hero? (George
Washington, John Kennedy)

12. Characteristics of a Hero
Directions: On your
worksheet is a list of eight
personal traits or
characteristics.
Task one: Next to each
trait, name a person you
regard as a hero who has
that trait.
Task two: List 3 traits
from the list that you
believe a person must
have to be a hero.

13. Anticipation Guide
Before reading the background information predict
whether or not each of the following statements is
true or false.
Write T for True & F for false on the line provided.

14. Background Essay
Read was Andrew Carnegie a Hero? Background
Essay
Model Think-A-Loud
Complete the two sided or dialectic journal.
On the left side record key people, ideas, events, or
facts from the reading.
On the right hand side record your thoughts,
comments, questions, or connections to what you
read.

15. Document Analysis
Analyze documents 3-10
Answer the guided questions for each document.
Categorize the documents.
Identify components of a 5 paragraph essay.
Compare 2 essay models.
Complete the DBQ Essay Outline

16. Document 3

17. Document 4

19. Document 6

23. Steel
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMURmbHcGOo&
America The Story of Us
07 Cities video clip Carnegie
steel 11:42-17:14

24. The Expansion of Industry
MAIN IDEA: At the end of the 19th century, natural
resources, creative inventions, and growing demand for
goods fueled an industrial boom.
WHY IT MATTERS NOW: Technological
developments paved the way for continued growth of
American industry and eventually a world power.
Terms & Names: Edwin L. Drake, Thomas Alva Edison,
Christopher Sholes, Alexander Graham Bell, natural
resource, uses for steel & electricity, impact of industrial
revolution on society.

25. Learning Objective
Define and provide examples of natural resources.
Identify several factors that contributed to the
Industrial Revolution.
Match the inventor to their invention or innovation
and.
Explain how the Industrial Revolution impacted
society.

26. How did the Pittsburgh
Steelers get their name?
(Why do you think they are
called the Steelers?
What are some characteristics of
steel?)

27. Mining and Industry in the United States, 1850-1900
What symbol indicates a major industrial city?
How many major industrial cities were there between
1850-1900?
List 3 major industrial cities.
What generalization can you make about the location of
these cities?
What might be a possible reason for the creation of
most of the cities?
Which city appears to be surrounded almost entirely by
steel mills?
What is steel made out of?

28. Mining and Industry in the United States, 1850-
1900

29. Natural Resources
Definition of word 3 examples of
Use in a semtence Picture

30. Natural Resources
Definition of word: 3 examples of
Naturally occurring Coal
materials that can be used Iron
by man as factors of Oil
production such as land,
minerals, water Water
land
Use in a sentence Picture

31. Oil
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O9oMI8G-TdI
America The Story
of Us 08 Boom
video clip oil first
10 minutes

32. Causes of Industrial Revolution
Abundance of
natural
resources
Explosion of Industrial
new inventions
Revolution
Growing population to work as
labor force and consumers
Government Support for business

33. Uses for Steel:
1. Railroads
2. Farm tools
3. Cans
4. Bridges
5. skyscrapers

34. Uses for Electricity
Think of your typical morning routine.
Write a list of all the things you do before coming to
school.
Which items on your list required the use of
electricity?
Record on your notes several uses for electrcity

35. Inventor Invention Impact
Edwin L. Drake
Turns iron (natural resource)
into steel
Light bulb & power plants to
generate electricity
Christopher
Sholes
Telephone

37. Impact of American Revolution on
American Life
How do all these inventions & innovations impact
society?
More women began to work.
Work that was previously done at home was now
made in factories .
Industrialization led to long hours and dangerous
working conditions.
Works was done faster leading to more leisure time.
Industrial Revolution led to an improved standard of
living and modern life.

38. Ticket to Leave
Which invention or development in this time period
had the greatest impact on society and why?

39. The Age of the Railroads
Main Idea: Why It Matters Terms & Names:
Now:
The growth & Railroads made Transcontinental
consolidation of the expansion of railroad
railroads industry across George M.
benefited the the United States Pullman
nation, but also possible . Standardized
led to time zones
corruption and
required
government
regulations.

40. Learning Objectives
Identify and be able to explain the positive and
negative effects of the growth of the railroad on
America.

41. What dangers might railroad workers
encounter?

42. How might the railroad impact the
environment?

43. Standardized Time Zones

44. “The Modern Colossus of Rail Roads”

45. Main Idea: Why It Matters Now: Vocabulary:
The expansion of The business strategy of Dividend
industry led to the growth consolidation and the Investment
of big business and the labor union strategies of Labor union
formation of labor collective bargaining and
unions. striking are still used Shrewd
What are some examples today. Mogul
of “big business” today? Tycoon
Who owned and Manufactured
operated businesses Laissez-faire
before big businesses Vertical integration
were created? Horizontal integration
Why were labor unions Monopoly
necessary? Social Darwinism

46. Warm Up Activity
Locate 3 objects on you (clothing, personal
items, etc.)
Record where the items were made on your
note sheet
Share your response with the class
What trends or patterns do you notice?
Why might that be?
How might that impact the U.S. economy?

47. Brainstorm Examples of Government
Regulations of Businesses
Minimum wage
End to child labor
Workmen’s compensation
Vacation pay
Holiday pay
Health insurance
Safety regulations
Limitations on work day
Overtime pay
Maternity leave
Sick days

48. Andrew Carnegie
•Successful due to
business management
practices:
Making better
products more cheaply
New machinery and
techniques (new
accounting systems to
track cost)
Offering stock in
the company to
talented employees

49. Vertical Integration
Vertical Carnegie’s
Integration Example
Resources Raw materials Iron-mines
Manufacturing Production/processing Steel mill/factory
Distribution Shipping/transportation Railroad/steamship

50. Horizontal Integration
Horizontal integration Companies that produce similar products merge together.
Example:

51. Social Darwinism
Theory of “natural selection” based
on Charles Darwin’s survival of the
fittest.
Success or failure in business is
governed by natural laws.
Good businesses survive, bad
businesses will go out of business
(die off)
Used to justify laissez-faire (allow to
do)
Discouraged government regulation
or control over market or businesses

52. Examples of Government Regulations
of Business
Minimum wage Maternity Leave
End to child labor sick days
Workmen’s compensation
Vacation pay
Holiday pay
Health insurance
Safety regulations
Limitations on work day
Overtime pay

53. Government Attempts to Regulate Business
Sherman Antitrust
Act
 Government
believed growing
corporations
stifled
competition
 Made it illegal to
form a trust that
interferes with
free trade between Example: Microsoft monopoly
states or other over computer industry unfairly
countries
crushed competition
 Difficult to
prosecute

54. Working Conditions
Working Conditions
Length of workday:
# of days work/week:
Safety:
Benefits:

55. Working Conditions
 LENGTH OF WORKDAY: Most employers demanded
12-hours a day (or more)
 # OF DAYS/WEEK: 6-day work week (steel mills
demanded 7-day work week)
 PAY: Low wages – to survive, most families
needed all members to work, including
children ($0.27 for a 14-hour day); women
earned about half of men’s pay ($267 vs.
$498)
 BENEFITS: No vacation, sick leave, workers’
or unemployment compensation
 SAFETY: Dirty and poorly ventilated factories
Often faulty/dangerous equipment causing
work-related accidents (In 1882, approx. 675
laborers killed)

56. Child Labor
 Women and children
often worked in
sweatshops (workshops
in tenement): required
few skills and paid
lowest wages
 Children were often
preferred: viewed as
more manageable,
cheaper, and less
likely to strike
 Worked in mines, glass
factories, textiles,
agriculture, etc.

57. Fight to End Child Labor
http://www.history.com/topics/child-labor/videos#the-fi

58. Rise of Labor Unions

59. Great Strike of 1877
In the economic slump that followed the Panic of
1873, railroad managers cut wages, increased
workloads, and laid off workers. Such actions drove
workers to strike and riot. The general railway strike
of 1877 was the result of the organization of a
series of strikes by unionized railroad workers to
protest wage cuts. These protests involved
violence, which spread from Pennsylvania and
West Virginia to the Midwest, Texas, and California,
and rioters even attacked railroad property,
derailing trains and burning rail yards. State militia
companies had to be organized in order to break
up these picket lines

60. Haymarket Affair
This was known as the Haymarket Riot for it took
place near Haymarket Square near downtown
Chicago. About hundred thousand workers turned
out including anarchists and radicals who believed
in using violence. Later, police shot and killed two
unionists and wounded several others which
launched a chain of rallies and more violence.
During a protest against police brutality, a bomb
exploded as a police company neared, killing seven
and injuring sixty-seven. Mass arrests were then
made, and this event later drew attention to labor's
growing discontent and heightened fear of
radicalism.

61. The Homestead Strike
The AFL and the labor movement suffered a series
of setbacks in the early 1890s when labor violence
stirred public fears once again. In July 1892, AFL-
affiliated Amalgamated Association of Iron and
Steelworkers refused to accept pay cuts and went
on to strike in Homestead, Pennsylvania in what
was known as the Homestead Strike. Henry C.
Frick, president of the Carnegie Steel Company
closed the plant and later tried to protect the plant
by hiring three hundred guards. Attacks and
violence followed and the strikers gave in after five
months. By this time, public opinion had turned
against the union after a young anarchist
attempted to assassinate Frick.

62. The Pullman Strike
 In 1894, workers of at the Pullman Palace Car Company
walked out in protest over exploitative policies at the company
town near Chicago. Although the paternalistic George
Pullman provided everything for the twelve thousand
residents of the so-called model town named after him, he
would not negotiate with workers. When hard times began in
1893, Pullman tried to protect profits by cutting wages.
Workers sent a committee to Pullman to protest his policies
but Pullman reacted by firing three of them. Enraged workers
called a strike, also known as the Pullman Strike, and
Pullman retaliated by closing his factory. This union was led
by Eugene V. Debs, voted to aid the strikers by refusing to
handle any Pullman cars attached to any trains. However,
soon the strike ended when President Grover Cleveland
ordered federal troops to crush the protests and Debs
was sent to prison for defying the court injunction.