The document summarizes key findings from the 2011 Indian census regarding household and asset holding patterns in Goa: - Goa has a population of 14.57 million with high rates of urbanization (over 62%) and literacy (87.4%). - Housing conditions are generally good, with 74.3% of households having pucca (stone) construction and most having electricity, phones and vehicles. - Access to banking is high at 87% of households, though sanitation and drainage remain concerns, especially in rural areas. - While asset ownership and financial inclusion indicators are better than national averages, growth has been unbalanced with issues around increasing urbanization and vacant housing.

1. Household & Asset Holding
Patterns in Goa:
Evidence using Census Data 2011
Dr. Manoj S Kamat
M . Com ( G o l d M e d al i s t ) , N E T, P G D B A , F D P I I M I n d o re ,
P h D. ( F i n a n ce ) I I T B om b a y , P o s t D o c t o ral Fel l ow ( E con om i c P o l i c y )

2. Background
 A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring
and recording information about the members of a given
population
 Censuses in Egypt are said to have been taken during the
early Pharaonic period in 3340 BC
 The oldest recorded census in India: 300 BC during the
reign of the Emperor Chandragupta Maurya under the
leadership of Chanakya
 The next known record: Reign of Akbar the enlightened
Mughal Emperor of India

3. Modern Census
 The modern Indian census is the largest single source of a
variety of statistical information on different characteristics
of the people of India and has a history of more than 130
years
 The responsibility of conducting the decennial Census rests
with the Office of the Registrar General and Census
Commissioner, India under Ministry of Home Affairs,
Government of India.
 Modern Indian census: best conducted census in the world

4. Spread
 Spread across 35 states and union territories, the Census
covered 640 districts, 5767 talukas, 7742 towns and more
than 6 lac villages.
 2.7 million officials visited households in 7,935 towns and
6,40,867 villages, classifying the population according to
gender, religion, education and occupation.
 The cost of the exercise was approximately 2,200 crore
(US$438.9 million) – this comes to less than $ 0.5 per
person, well below the estimated world average of
$4.6 per person

6. Goa’s Population Highlights

7. Goa Population Highlights…
Goa: State Code 30: 3064 enumerators and 509 supervisors
 As per the report published post Census 2011, the total population of Goa is
14, 57, 723
 It is the 25th ranking state among the other Indian states in regards to the
total population
 The population of Goa forms 0.12 percent of India in 2011. In 2001, the figure
was 0.13 percent
 Indian population growth rate is 17.64%, and literacy rate is 74.4%
 Male to Female Ratio 2011: 968
 2001: 961
 National: 940
 N Goa is 959
 S Goa is 980
 Liberation time: 1068 females to 1000 males

8. Population Density
 Per square km density is 394
 National: 382
 N Goa is 471
 S Goa is 326
 Goa forms barely one per cent of the total
landmass of India.
 The population density here is higher than
Karnataka and Maharashtra indicating
incrementally rising pressure on available land
resources.

9. Urbanisation
 Urban:
Population of 5,000 and above having a population
density of 400 persons per sq km. and having at least
75 per cent of male working population engaged in
non-agricultural activity were considered.
From just 5 recognised census towns in 1961, within
50 years, Goa now boasts 70 census towns
2001 census had found only 45 census towns.

10. Unprecedented Transition
 Urban population in Goa is above 62 per cent
 Around two-third of house structures in urban areas
 Only 13 municipalities and a single corporation
 Why are villages transforming willingly into towns?
 Does Regional Plan 2021 factors urbanisation and
identify the fundamental limits of land use?
 How many people would the town planners cram within
just 70-80 thousand hectares of land available for all
types of development?

11. Literacy Rate
 Literacy is 87.4%
 Higher than national average of 74%
 N Goa is 88.85
 S Goa is 85.53
 Goa has surpassed the target of literacy rate of 85%
set by the Planning Commission to be achieved by
2011-2012
 Literacy is 92.81 percent among males and 81.84
percent in females.

12. 1. HOUSEHOLD BY OWNERSHIP STATUS (K)
2. HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF DWELLING
ROOMS (L)
3. HOUSEHOLD BY HOUSEHOLD SIZE(M)
4. HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF MARRIED
COUPLE (N)
5. HOUSEHOLDS AVAILING BANKING
SERVICES (V)
6. HOUSEHOLDS BY POSSESSION OF ASSETS
(W)

13.  Census House
Means a structure commercial / residential / social /
religious
May be occupied or vacant
May be a building, part of building or an
independent unit having separate entrance
5,76,582 total census houses, out of which
around 4.5 lakh occupied

14. Census Houses
 5,76,582
 25% increase in last 10 years
 2,04,479 in rural areas and 3,72,103 in urban areas
 out of the total 5.76 lac, 1,25,503 are found to be
vacant houses, while 4,51,079 are occupied.
 Thus the percentage of occupied houses is 78 per
cent in 2011 compared to 83.1 percent in 2001

15.  One in every five house in Goa is vacant
 The data further points out that the number of vacant houses is
more in North Goa (72,527) compared to South
 Reason for increase in the number of vacant houses could be the
absence of the family members in the houses when the
enumerators visited them, for they may have gone out on a tour
or so, or that the owners are not inhabiting them
 The previous government had assured that it would levy hefty
occupancy tax on second flats or homes whose owners who do not live
at the premises. However, the proposal was not implemented.

16. Residential Households

17.  Occupied census houses used as residence: 3,14,414
out of 5.74 lacs
 Large no. of occupied residential dwellings in rural
areas (contrary to our common understanding)
 Large no. of unoccupied residential houses in urban
areas
 Average total residents per residential
dwelling: 4-5

18.  The percent of occupied locked census houses in Goa
is 1.8
 This figure is highest among all states in
India
 The national average is 0.4

19. Condition of Census House
 98% of census houses are in Good & Liveable
 Very insignificant are dilapidated,
 Dilapidated more in rural areas (-2% than 2001)
 Dilapidated more in S Goa
 5% of rural and 2.5 of urban houses have vulnerable
roofs (average -13% than 2001)
 20% of rural and 8 of urban houses have vulnerable
walls (average -11% than 2001)
 30% of rural and 8 of urban houses have mud
flooring (average -15% than 2001)

20.  74.3% of households in Goa are made of stones
(Pucca houses) compared to national average of
14.1%
 This figure is largest among other states (Kerala: 56.9 &
Lakshadweep (45.5)
 43.6% households in Goa have mosaic tiles &/or
better, as house flooring compared to national
average of 10.8%
 This figure is largest among other states (Maharashtra:
36.8 & Gujarat (36.2)

21. Ownership Status/Rooms/ Inmates
 More per cent of owned houses in North Goa
(81.3) compared to S Goa (75.8)

22.  Around 20% of households have 1/no exclusive
rooms
(-3% compared to 2001)
 The incidences of 1/no exclusive rooms are more
in S Goa than in N Goa
 Around 2.5% of households have more than 2
married couples (National average is above 4%)

23. Drinking Water
 85% of households use tap water for drinking
 +16% compared to 2001
 Rural :77%, U: 90%
 11 % of households use well water for
drinking
 -15% compared to 2001
 Rural : 15%, Urban : 8%
 Well water consumption higher in North Goa

24. Electricity/ Telephone/Vehicle
 97 per cent households in the state are using electricity as
main source of lighting
 Altogether 1,273 houses in Goa are yet to receive
electricity connections
 More incidences of no electricity in S Goa
 89 per cent of total houses have either landline
telephone or mobile
 Around 81.5 per cent of them have either a 2
wheeler and /or a car (Largest among all the
states) compared to 25.7% national average

25. Asset Holdings

26. Bathroom

27. Sanitation
 16 per cent of household have no facility of even
public toilets
 Situation worst in rural areas

28. Drainage
 Just over 43 per cent of the houses in Goa have
closed drainage
 25 per cent have open drainage
 31 per cent houses are without any drainage

29. Cooking Medium
 Nearly 21 per cent depend on firewood, besides 4 per
cent of them using kerosene for cooking.
 The percentage of households using traditional cow
dung cakes for this purpose is only 0.2 per cent.

30.  South Goa scores better in terms of use of Telephone,
Tap water, Latrine, bathing and drainage connectivity,
relatively compared with North Goa
 31.1% of Goan household have a computer/laptop
(Largest among all the states) compared to 9.5%
national average
 Internet connectivity is possessed by around 12.7%
of the total Goan households (Largest among all the
states ) compared to 3.1% national average

31. Financial Inclusiveness
 87 % of households avail Banking
Services, compared to national average of
58.7% (next only to A&N Islands & H of
around 89%)
 Rural Goa:85 % , Urban Goa:88 %

32. Summary
 The indicators for house listing data for Goa looks
very good as compared to rest of the country
 Indicators of Asset Holding and Financial
Inclusiveness are best
 High Urbanization
 Unbalanced Growth
 Sanitation, Drainage, Bathrooms, still a concern

33. Thank You
mskamat@gmail.com