1. Dan Manns

2. Adiabatic temperature changes
and expansion and cooling
 When temperature changes even
though there has been no changes to
the heat.
 It happens because air gets compressed
and is allowed to expand.

3. Orographic lifting
 Orographic lifting is when elevated land,
like mountains, act like a barrier to air
flow.

4. Frontal wedging
 Frontal wedging is when cooler, denser
air acts as a barrier over which the
warmer less dense air rises.

5. Convergence
 Convergence is whenever air in the
lower atmosphere flows together lifting
results.

6. Localized convective lifting
 Pockets of air being warmed more than
the surrounding air.

7. Stability
 If a volume of air was forced to rise, its
temperature would drop because of
expansion.
 If this volume of air was cooler than the
surrounding environment, it would be
denser, and if allowed to do so, it would
sink to its original position.

8. Condensation
 When water vapor in the air changes to
a liquid.

9. Types of clouds
 Types of clouds are based on their
shape and height
 Cirrus
 Cumulus
 Stratus

10. High clouds
 There are three high cloud types:
 Cirrus
 Cirrostratus
 cirrocumulus

11. Middle clouds
 Middle clouds are about 2,000-6,000
 All middle clouds have alto before their
name.

12. Low clouds
 Stratus clouds are the clouds that
usually cover most of the sky.
Sometimes they produce precipitation.
 Nimbostratus create most of the
precipitation.

13. Clouds of vertical development
 Clouds of vertical development have low
bases but extend upward.

14. Fog
 Fog is physically the same as a cloud.
 Fog is the result of radiation cooling or
the movement of air over a cold surface.
 Fog is on the ground.

15. Cold cloud precipitation (Bergeron
process)
 The Bergeron process relies on
supercooling and supersaturation.
 Water that is below o degrees Celsius is
supercooled.
 When air is saturated it is
supersaturated.

16. Warm cloud precipitation
 In warm clouds, clouds are formed by
the collision-coalescence process.
 Some water absorbing particles can
remove water vapor from the air when it
is not saturated.

17. Rain and snow
 Rain is a drop of water that falls from a
cloud and has a diameter of at least 0.5
mm.
 When the temperature is low, snow is
made up of six sided ice crystals.

18. Sleet, glaze, and hail
 Sleet is particles falling of clear ice.
 Glaze happens when raindrops become
supercold.
 Hail is smalls ice pellets.