All you wanted to Know about Accessibility

Accessibility is for Blind People

All You Wanted to Know About Accessibility

Accessibility is for the Disabled


Accessibility is for EVERYONE!

RIGHT


So what’s Accessibility?
As per the dictionary, Accessibility means:
• Convenience
• Easy of access
• User-friendliness
• Easy of understanding
• Easy of use

Persons with disabilities are the most hit with
accessibility issues!


Disabled = Everyone!
Its about time we do some reality check on the term
disabled!
HEARING MOBILITY
Deaf: can’t hear Physical disability: unable to move one or
Hard-of-hearing or hearing impaired: more limbs, fingers, or toes
can hear only with amplification or can Motor skills impairment:
hear in one ear only unable to press one key at a time, unable
to press a key without duplicate
keystrokes, unable to use a mouse

VISION LEARNING
Blind: can’t see Dyslexia: difficulty with reading
Visually-impaired: can’t read small type or
distinguish certain colors
Color-blind: can’t distinguish certain
colors


Let’s look at some real life examples
• People using a wheel chair
• Those using a white cane
• Those wearing hearing aids
• Those using crutches

These are the first instances that come to our mind! But what about..

• Forgetting glasses at home - finding it complicated to work on the computer
• With age, each one of us acquires some sort of disabilities including;
• memory loss,
• hard-of-hearing,
• deteriorating vision ,
• adversity in climbing stairs, etc

In our every day life we all face impairments, activity limitations, and
participations!


So the point is ...

“Disability is a socially created problem and not an
attribute of an individual”


Did You Know

1 out of every 5 people in the United States has a
learning disability


Normal Protanopia

Deuteranopia Tritanopia


Did You Know…
• Worldwide - 314 million visually impaired, 45 million of them are blind.

• Old people, and females are more at risk at every age

• 87% of the visually impaired live in developing countries

• Reduction in infectious diseases causing blindness, but age-related
impairment is increasing

• Cataract remains the leading cause of blindness globally, except in the
most developed countries.

• About 85% of all visual impairment is avoidable globally

• 1 in 12 people suffer from some sort of color deficiency


Did You Know

One in five have a hearing difficulty or impairment.

Source: MS Forrester Report 2004

Senior Citizens – Silver Surfers
• Do not use computers
• Unable to use computers
• Do not need a computer

Changing rapidly!


Who is your target audience?


Is your audience male or female, old or young?


Are your Users Color Blind?


Does user suffer from epilepsy?
Your users may suffer from epilepsy - 3 flashes
within one second can cause a seizure

About 1 in every 200 people have Epilepsy

Why care about accessibility?

750 million people
in the world are disabled


How do people use the web?


Mouse and Keyboard


Mobile Phone


Assistive Technology


What is Assistive Technology (AT)?

AT refers to any "product, device, or equipment,
whether acquired commercially, modified or
customized, that is used to maintain, increase, or
improve the functional capabilities of individuals
with disabilities."

Source: http://www.section508.gov/docs/AT1998.html


Nail Clipper with Magnifier
Assist people with:
Limited hand movements
Low vision

Also works for cutting nails of new
born.


Moldable Spoon Liquid Indicator

Assist people with:
Blindness
Low vision

Assist people with:
Limited hand moment
Hand tremors


Long Handle Comb Writing Bird

Assist people with:
Limited hand movement


Loop Handle Zipper

Assist people with:
Difficulty in grasping and pulling


Legislations and Regulations
Country Legislation WCAG Compliance

USA Rehabilitation Act, Section 504 (USA, 1973) Section 508 Partial
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) (USA, 1990) –Title II & Title III
Amended Section 255 of the Communications Act (USA, 1996)
Rehabilitation Act Amendment, Section 508 (USA, 1998)

Disability Discrimination Act of 1995 (UK, 1995) PAS78 refers to the
United Disability Rights Commission (DRC) published a Code of Practice for WCAG Guidelines
Kingdom “Rights of Access –Goods, Facilities, Services and Premises” (UK, 2002)
DRC Published Code of Practice for Website Accessibility (PAS78) (UK,
2006)
Australia Disability Discrimination Act (1992) WCAG 2.0 Level AA
WWW Accessibility (Disability) Policy (Australia, 2000)
Canada Canadian Human Rights Act (Canada, 1977) WCAG 1.0 P1 and P2
Employment Equity Act (Canada, 1995)
Ontarians with Disabilities Act (Ontario, Canada, 2001)
Common Look and Feel Standards for the Internet (Canada, 2006)

Germany Ordinance on Barrier Free Information Technology or BITV (Germany, BITV has two priorities &
2002) 14 standards, based on
the WCAG 1.0 Guidelines

European Unified Web Evaluation Methodology 1.0 (2006) WCAG 2.0
Union


Web Accessibility Quick Fixes
• Color and Contrast - Provide sufficient color contrast for the foreground and background color
combinations.
• Color can’t be used as a “sole indicator of meaning”
• Font Sizes - Make your default font size reasonably big (at least 10 point) so that very few users
have to resort to manual overrides.
• Icons and Texts for Better Context
• Sensory Characteristics - Do not use size, shape or location to provide any information
• Different heading levels should be appropriately used.
• Alt text inclusion for images is critical and should be null for spacer images and for images that are
included with same anchor tag for a textual link.
• Expansion for abbreviations is essential
• Keyboard access is very critical, considering that there could be few users who wouldn’t be using
mouse at all.
• “Skip to Main Content” should be available.
• Row and Column headers should be provided for all data tables, <th> tags.
• Descriptive and informative page titles
• Ensure all hyperlinks use descriptive and meaningful text, avoiding short-hand language like
'Click here';
• Captions must be provided for any multimedia (audio/visual) content
• Avoid Flickering - Pages shall be designed to avoid causing the screen to flicker with a frequency
greater than2 Hz and lower than 55 Hz.


All you wanted to Know about Accessibility

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