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Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics
Wegener 1880-1930 earthobservatory.nasa.gov ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Continental drift video clip Continental  drift
Wegener searched and found three main pieces of evidence. Geologic - evidence in the layers of rocks across continents Fossil - evidence in the places certain fossils are found Climate - evidence in the changing climates during the past
Fit of Continents Across the Atlantic Mountain ranges in South America line up exactly with those in Africa! Geologic evidence
Fossil evidence Notice how fossils lined up across continents!   http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/images/history/fossils3.gif
Amazing Facts:  Did you know...  ...that India was once in the Southern Hemisphere connected to Antarctica?   ...that North America was once surrounded by warm, tropical seas?  ...that Africa was once covered by glaciers, which were kilometers in thickness?   ...that the Sahara desert was once a tropical rain forest?   Climate change
As North America has drifted to different latitudes, changing climates were experienced.  This shows the changes in the state of New Mexico. An example of the proof for changing climate: At one time, the area that is New Mexico (and the rest of the USA was below the equator!
Wegener's problem He could not find the   force   that was causing the continents to drift. Because of this, he could not convince anyone that continents could move. He died in Greenland on an expedition.  At the time of his death, no one believed his hypothesis! Technology developed during the 1940’s changed all that!
Discovery of Sea-Floor Spreading   Sea floor spreading video clip
Sea-Floor Spreading m.y. means million years ago Notice this  compass . It is  important for the next slide
 
As the sea floor spreads, the lava cools according to the magnetic poles at the time.  The rocks on the ocean floor have proved that the earth’s magnetic field sometimes reverses.  The inner core flips and so the north pole moves to the southern hemisphere! The earth itself does not flip. Amazing proof of that the inner core flips! http://platetectonics.pwnet.org/img/blocks.gif
What causes sea floor spreading? Convection currents!
Can you  explain  this  diagram? Click here for a hyperlink to an animation of convection Be sure to click the play button!
Animation of sea floor spreading Can you explain this diagram!?
[object Object]
This is a model of  sea floor spreading  at a  divergent   boundary  called a  mid ocean ridge .
Did you know that the Earth’s longest mountain range is underwater and is called the mid-ocean ridge?   :  www.ocean.udel.edu   The Mid-Ocean Ridge system, shown above snaking its way between the continents, is more than 56,000 kilometers (35,000 mi) long. It circles the earth like the stitching on a baseball!
Continental crust diverging from continental Divergence can also occur in continental crust!
[object Object],Plates can also move together!
[object Object],Plates can also slide past each other.
San Andreas Fault in California
There are three combinations of how  earth's crust can come together. Continental crust to continental Continental crust to oceanic Oceanic crust to oceanic
from: http://www.geo.lsa.umich.edu/~crlb/COURSES/270 Continental  crust to  continental  crust collision India-Asia (Himalayas) Before collision After collision
 
 
 
Because one plate gets pushed under another, it is called  subduction .  This is where  volcanoes  form! Oceanic  crust colliding with  oceanic  crust Oceanic  crust colliding with  continental  crust all from: http://www.geo.lsa.umich.edu/~crlb/COURSES/270
Andes Mts. From space View looking south – ocean to continental
Aleutian Islands Oceanic to oceanic
The process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle is called subduction
Plate tectonics video clip Here is an great link for seeing where each type of boundary is located. Click here for a great hyperlink!   Make sure you click on each type of boundary in the key!
Worldwide Earthquake patterns help us know where the edges of plates are located
The Earth’s Plates
Here you see the two slides together.  What do you see?
http://www.livescience.com/images/pangea_animation_03.gif

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Continental Drift And Plate Tectonics Andie

  • 1. Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4. Wegener searched and found three main pieces of evidence. Geologic - evidence in the layers of rocks across continents Fossil - evidence in the places certain fossils are found Climate - evidence in the changing climates during the past
  • 5. Fit of Continents Across the Atlantic Mountain ranges in South America line up exactly with those in Africa! Geologic evidence
  • 6. Fossil evidence Notice how fossils lined up across continents! http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/images/history/fossils3.gif
  • 7. Amazing Facts: Did you know... ...that India was once in the Southern Hemisphere connected to Antarctica? ...that North America was once surrounded by warm, tropical seas? ...that Africa was once covered by glaciers, which were kilometers in thickness? ...that the Sahara desert was once a tropical rain forest? Climate change
  • 8. As North America has drifted to different latitudes, changing climates were experienced. This shows the changes in the state of New Mexico. An example of the proof for changing climate: At one time, the area that is New Mexico (and the rest of the USA was below the equator!
  • 9. Wegener's problem He could not find the force that was causing the continents to drift. Because of this, he could not convince anyone that continents could move. He died in Greenland on an expedition. At the time of his death, no one believed his hypothesis! Technology developed during the 1940’s changed all that!
  • 10. Discovery of Sea-Floor Spreading Sea floor spreading video clip
  • 11. Sea-Floor Spreading m.y. means million years ago Notice this compass . It is important for the next slide
  • 12.  
  • 13. As the sea floor spreads, the lava cools according to the magnetic poles at the time. The rocks on the ocean floor have proved that the earth’s magnetic field sometimes reverses. The inner core flips and so the north pole moves to the southern hemisphere! The earth itself does not flip. Amazing proof of that the inner core flips! http://platetectonics.pwnet.org/img/blocks.gif
  • 14. What causes sea floor spreading? Convection currents!
  • 15. Can you explain this diagram? Click here for a hyperlink to an animation of convection Be sure to click the play button!
  • 16. Animation of sea floor spreading Can you explain this diagram!?
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  • 18. This is a model of sea floor spreading at a divergent boundary called a mid ocean ridge .
  • 19. Did you know that the Earth’s longest mountain range is underwater and is called the mid-ocean ridge? : www.ocean.udel.edu The Mid-Ocean Ridge system, shown above snaking its way between the continents, is more than 56,000 kilometers (35,000 mi) long. It circles the earth like the stitching on a baseball!
  • 20. Continental crust diverging from continental Divergence can also occur in continental crust!
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  • 23. San Andreas Fault in California
  • 24. There are three combinations of how earth's crust can come together. Continental crust to continental Continental crust to oceanic Oceanic crust to oceanic
  • 25. from: http://www.geo.lsa.umich.edu/~crlb/COURSES/270 Continental crust to continental crust collision India-Asia (Himalayas) Before collision After collision
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  • 29. Because one plate gets pushed under another, it is called subduction . This is where volcanoes form! Oceanic crust colliding with oceanic crust Oceanic crust colliding with continental crust all from: http://www.geo.lsa.umich.edu/~crlb/COURSES/270
  • 30. Andes Mts. From space View looking south – ocean to continental
  • 32. The process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle is called subduction
  • 33. Plate tectonics video clip Here is an great link for seeing where each type of boundary is located. Click here for a great hyperlink! Make sure you click on each type of boundary in the key!
  • 34. Worldwide Earthquake patterns help us know where the edges of plates are located
  • 36. Here you see the two slides together. What do you see?