1. Journey to
Journey to
Slavery
Slavery
http://www.history.com/videos/origins-of-slavery#orig
http://www.history.com/videos/origins-of-slavery#ori

2. Olaudah
Olaudah
Equiano
Equiano
Quick Facts
Quick Facts
-Kidnapped at age 11 and sold into slavery
-Kidnapped at age 11 and sold into slavery
-Bought his own freedom in 1766
-Bought his own freedom in 1766
-Autobiography published in 1789; first
-Autobiography published in 1789; first
hand account of the atrocities of the slave
hand account of the atrocities of the slave
trade.
trade.

3. A primary source is a document
A primary source is a document
or physical object which was
or physical object which was
written or created during the
written or created during the
time under study. These
time under study. These
sources were present during an
sources were present during an
experience or time period and
experience or time period and
offer an inside view of a
offer an inside view of a
particular event.
particular event.
Page from Equiano’s
Page from Equiano’s
Autobiography courtesy
Autobiography courtesy
PBS. org
PBS. org
PRIMARY SOURCE DOCUMENTS
PRIMARY SOURCE DOCUMENTS

4. Examples of primary sources include:
•ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS (excerpts or translations
acceptable): Diaries, speeches, manuscripts, letters,
interviews, news film footage, autobiographies, official
records
•CREATIVE WORKS: Poetry, drama, novels, music, art
•RELICS OR ARTIFACTS: Pottery, furniture, clothing, buildings
Examples of primary sources include:
•Diary of Anne Frank - Experiences of a Jewish family
during WWII
•The Constitution of Canada - Canadian History
•A journal article reporting NEW research or findings
•Weavings and pottery - Native American history
•Plato's Republic - Women in Ancient Greece
PRIMARY SOURCE DOCUMENTS
PRIMARY SOURCE DOCUMENTS

5. Primary Sources
Primary Sources
Ankle shackles
Ankle shackles
are of the type used to
are of the type used to
restrain enslaved people
restrain enslaved people
aboard ships in the Middle
aboard ships in the Middle
Passage.
Passage.
Equiano’s Autobiography
Equiano’s Autobiography

6. A secondary source interprets and analyzes primary
sources. These sources are one or more steps removed
from the event. Secondary sources may have pictures,
quotes or graphics of primary sources in them.
Some types of secondary sources include:
•PUBLICATIONS: Textbooks, magazine articles,
histories, criticisms, commentaries, encyclopedias
•Examples of secondary sources include: A
journal/magazine article which interprets or reviews
previous findings
•A history textbook
•A book about the effects of WWI
SECONDARY SOURCE DOCUMENTS
SECONDARY SOURCE DOCUMENTS

7. How reliable are autobiographies?
What can autobiographies tell you
that other historical documents
cannot?
Equiano’s Autobiography
Equiano’s Autobiography

8. “The Middle Passage must
“The Middle Passage must
have been as near as anyone
have been as near as anyone
ever comes to hell on earth.”
ever comes to hell on earth.”
- Barry Unsworth, author
- Barry Unsworth, author
The Middle Passage
The Middle Passage

9. 1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
4.
4.
5.
5.
6.
6.
7.
7.
Why does Equiano think his captors may eat him?
Why does Equiano think his captors may eat him?
Who brings Equiano aboard the slave ship?
Who brings Equiano aboard the slave ship?
What does this account say humanity’s capacity for (A) cruelty
What does this account say humanity’s capacity for (A) cruelty
(B) survival
(B) survival
To what can we liken the slave auction.
To what can we liken the slave auction.
Describe the conditions on the slave ships.
Describe the conditions on the slave ships.
What is the basic contradiction between the crew’s main goal,
What is the basic contradiction between the crew’s main goal,
and their treatment of the captives?
and their treatment of the captives?
What are some adjectives to describe the tone of portions of the
What are some adjectives to describe the tone of portions of the
excerpt, or the excerpt as a whole?
excerpt, or the excerpt as a whole?
Equiano is freed in 1766, and thereafter takes up
Equiano is freed in 1766, and thereafter takes up
residence in England. So we may well ask: What
residence in England. So we may well ask: What
makes Equiano's Narrative a work of American
makes Equiano's Narrative a work of American
literature?
literature?
Discuss
Discuss

10. Quick Facts
Quick Facts
• the first African American, the
• the first African American, the
first slave, and the third woman
first slave, and the third woman
in the United States to publish a
in the United States to publish a
book of poems.
book of poems.
• never trained as a domestic;
• never trained as a domestic;
instead she was encouraged by
instead she was encouraged by
the Wheatleys to study theology
the Wheatleys to study theology
and the English, Latin and Greek
and the English, Latin and Greek
classics.
classics.
• wrote and published her first
• wrote and published her first
poem at age 13
poem at age 13
Phillis Wheatley
Phillis Wheatley

11. Check the back of your literature book for
Check the back of your literature book for
the definition to the following terms:
the definition to the following terms:
Personification
Personification
Irony
Irony
Allusion
Allusion
Iambic Pentameter
Iambic Pentameter
Connotation
Connotation
Denotation
Denotation
Poetic Devices
Poetic Devices

12. Personification:
Personification:
Irony:
Irony:
Situational
Situational
Dramatic
Dramatic
Verbal
Verbal
Allusion:
Allusion:
Denotation:
Denotation:
Connotation:
Connotation:
Poetic Devices
Poetic Devices

13. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v0aAWuUX5jU
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v0aAWuUX5jU
Iambic Pentameter
Iambic Pentameter

14. Iamb
Iamb
• Metrical foot (unit of measure)
Metrical foot (unit of measure)
consisting of 2 syllables; weak strong
consisting of 2 syllables; weak strong
• e.g.: reprieve
e.g.: reprieve
Pent = five
Pent = five
Five iambs per line = iambic
Five iambs per line = iambic
pentameter
pentameter
Iambic Pentameter
Iambic Pentameter

15. On Being Brought from Africa to America
On Being Brought from Africa to America
'Twas mercy brought me from my Pagan land,
'Twas mercy brought me from my Pagan land,
Taught my benighted soul to understand
Taught my benighted soul to understand
That there's a God, that there's a Saviour too:
That there's a God, that there's a Saviour too:
Once I redemption neither sought nor knew.
Once I redemption neither sought nor knew.
Some view our sable race with scornful eye,
Some view our sable race with scornful eye,
"Their colour is a diabolic die."
"Their colour is a diabolic die."
Remember, Christians, Negros, black as Cain,
Remember, Christians, Negros, black as Cain,
May be refin'd, and join th' angelic train.
May be refin'd, and join th' angelic train.
TPCASTT
TPCASTT

16. On Being Brought from Africa to America
On Being Brought from Africa to America
Phillis Wheatley's poem, "On Being Brought
Phillis Wheatley's poem, "On Being Brought
from Africa to America" makes effective use of
from Africa to America" makes effective use of
irony to drive home a point about the potential
irony to drive home a point about the potential
for "redemption." Detail how that irony works,
for "redemption." Detail how that irony works,
noting for instance the potential for ambiguous
noting for instance the potential for ambiguous
meaning in the word "refined," in line 8.
meaning in the word "refined," in line 8.

17. Sample of Tone/Attitude Words

18. Key Concepts
Key Concepts
-
-
Primary vs. Secondary Documents
Primary vs. Secondary Documents
Equiano
Equiano
Wheatley
Wheatley
Poetic Devices
Poetic Devices
- Personification
Personification
- Allusion
Allusion
- Irony (3 Types)
Irony (3 Types)
- Iambic Pentameter
Iambic Pentameter
Connotation vs. Denotation
Connotation vs. Denotation
TPCASTT – Poetry Analysis
TPCASTT – Poetry Analysis