Chapt 18

1. Splash Screen

2. Contents Chapter Introduction Section 1 Roosevelt Takes Office Section 2 The First New Deal Section 3 The Second New Deal Section 4 The New Deal Coalition Chapter Summary Chapter Assessment Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.

3. Intro 1 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

8. Intro 6 Why It Matters Unlike Herbert Hoover, Franklin Delano Roosevelt was willing to employ deficit spending and greater federal regulation to revive the depressed economy. In response to his requests, Congress passed a host of new programs. Millions of people received relief to alleviate their suffering, but the New Deal did not really end the Depression. It did, however, permanently expand the federal government’s role in providing basic security for citizens.

11. Intro 9 continued on next slide

12. Intro 10

13. End of Intro

16. Section 1-3 Guide to Reading (cont.) Section Theme Individual Action Franklin Roosevelt’s optimism, determination, and outgoing personality shaped his approach to politics.

17. Section 1-4 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

22. Section 1-9 What did Americans see in Roosevelt? Americans saw Roosevelt as a sign of hope in their challenging economic times. His energy and optimism and his own struggle with polio gave him a better understanding of what Americans were going through. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Roosevelt’s Rise to Power (cont.) (pages 552–554)

26. Section 1-13 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Why did bank runs occur before Roosevelt’s inauguration? Many Americans feared Roosevelt would abandon the gold standard and reduce the value of the dollar in order to fight the depression. To reduce the value of the dollar, the United States would have to stop exchanging dollars for gold. Many Americans and foreign investors with deposits in American banks took their money out of the banks and converted it into gold before it lost its value. Roosevelt Is Inaugurated (cont.) (pages 554–555)

27. Section 1-14 Checking for Understanding gold standard Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Define Insert the key term that best completes the following sentence. A monetary standard in which one ounce of gold equaled a set number of dollars was called the .

28. Section 1-15 Checking for Understanding (cont.) Describe the ways in which early influences and experiences shaped Roosevelt as a politician. Roosevelt was influenced by his experience with polio, his competitive nature, and his support for Wilson’s presidency. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

29. Section 1-16 Reviewing Themes Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Individual Action Why did Roosevelt’s election lead to an increase in bank runs? People feared that Roosevelt would take the United States off the gold standard and that their paper money would become worthless.

30. Section 1-17 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Explaining How did FDR’s experiences as governor of New York prepare him for the presidency? He used government’s power to help New Yorkers in economic distress.

31. Section 1-18 Analyzing Visuals Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing Photographs Study the photograph on page 555 of your textbook. What did the president mean when he said “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself?” Fear would drive people to stop trying to get the economy out of its tailspin. If people could avoid fearing the future, they would be able to improve conditions.

32. Section 1-19 Close Discuss America’s banking system in the early 1930s.

33. End of Section 1

36. Section 2-3 Guide to Reading (cont.) Section Theme Groups and Institutions FDR’s attempts to end the Depression resulted in many new government agencies.

37. Section 2-4 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

42. Section 2-9 Why did Roosevelt choose advisers with differing views? Roosevelt purposely chose advisers who disagreed to hear many points of view and to ensure he alone would make the final decision on what policies to pursue. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The Hundred Days Begins (cont.) (pages 556–557)

48. Section 2-15 How did the FDIC change public opinion of the banking system? The FDIC increased public confidence in the banking system. Bank deposits were now insured up to a certain amount, so people could deposit money without fear that it would be lost. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Fixing the Banks and the Stock Market (cont.) (pages 557–559)

53. Section 2-20 What were codes of fair competition? These rules set prices, established minimum wages, and limited factories to two shifts per day to spread production to as many companies as possible. Other codes shortened hours to create additional jobs and gave workers the right to form unions. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. (pages 559–560) Managing Farms and Industry (cont.)

57. Section 2-24 Providing Debt Relief (cont.) How did the HOLC and the FCA help provide debt relief? The HOLC bought the mortgages of homeowners behind on payments and restructured them with longer terms of repayment and lower interest rates. The HOLC refinanced 1 out of every 5 mortgages in the United States. The FCA was established to help farmers refinance their mortgages. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. (page 560)

62. Section 2-29 Why did Roosevelt want Congress to establish work programs for the unemployed? Roosevelt did not want to simply give money to the unemployed to help stimulate the economy. He and his advisers felt that work skills and self-respect could be maintained if people earned their money. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Spending and Relief Programs (cont.) (pages 560–562)

63. Section 2-30 Checking for Understanding fireside chats Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Define Insert the key term that best completes the following sentence. Radio broadcasts made by FDR to the American people to explain his initiatives were called .

64. Section 2-31 Checking for Understanding (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Summarize the different viewpoints of Roosevelt’s advisers. One group wanted government-business cooperation; another wanted greater government control; another wanted to increase competition.

65. Section 2-32 Reviewing Themes Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Groups and Institutions How did the Glass-Steagall Act and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation help make the banking industry safer? The Glass-Steagall Act protected depositors’ money from speculation, and the FDIC insured bank deposits.

66. Section 2-33 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Interpreting Did the CCC, CWA, and PWA achieve their goals? Explain your answer. They temporarily employed workers but did not reduce unemployment significantly.

67. Section 2-34 Analyzing Visuals Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing Charts Examine the chart on page 561 of your textbook. How did the various agencies listed change the historical role of the federal government? Answers will vary.

68. Section 2-35 Close Discuss why many members of Roosevelt’s administration believed that the government should regulate industry and labor.

69. End of Section 2

72. Section 3-3 Guide to Reading (cont.) Section Theme Government and Democracy The Second New Deal was a political response to growing criticism from both the left and the right.

73. Section 3-4 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

78. Section 3-9 How did the right wing and left wing politicians feel about Roosevelt’s New Deal? The right wing felt the New Deal imposed too many regulations on business and that it expanded the federal government’s power at the expense of states’ rights. The left wing believed that Roosevelt had not gone far enough. They wanted the government to intervene even more dramatically in the economy to shift wealth from the rich to middle-income and poor Americans. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Challenges to the New Deal (cont.) (pages 564–566)

83. Section 3-14 Why did Roosevelt plan a Second New Deal? Roosevelt feared that his political support could be undermined by the attacks from the left and right wings. He was disturbed that the New Deal failed to generate a rapid economic recovery. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Launching the Second New Deal (cont.) (pages 566–567)

89. Section 3-20 Why did President Roosevelt and other Democrats push new labor legislation? They knew the working class vote was important in winning re-election. They also believed that unions could help end the Depression. They thought that high union wages would let workers spend more money. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The Rise of Industrial Unions (cont.) (pages 567–569)

92. Section 3-23 What was the purpose of the Social Security Act? Its purpose was to provide some security for the elderly and unemployed workers. It provided welfare payments to other needy people, including those with disabilities and poor families with young dependent children. The act provided a monthly retirement benefit for people when they stopped working at age 65. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The Social Security Act (cont.) (page 569)

93. Section 3-24 Checking for Understanding __ 1. method of boycotting work by sitting down at work and refusing to leave the establishment __ 2. government practice of spending borrowed money rather than raising taxes, usually an attempt to boost the economy __ 3. a law requiring workers and employers to pay a tax; the money provides a monthly stipend for retired people A. deficit spending B. binding arbitration C. sit-down strike D. Social Security Act Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. A D C

94. Section 3-25 Checking for Understanding __ 4. process whereby a neutral party hears arguments from two opposing sides and makes a decision that both must accept A. deficit spending B. binding arbitration C. sit-down strike D. Social Security Act Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. B

95. Section 3-26 Checking for Understanding (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Contrast the ideas of Father Charles Coughlin, Senator Huey Long, and Dr. Francis Townsend. Father Charles Coughlin believed in taxing the rich and nationalizing the banking system. Senator Huey Long believed in sharing the wealth. Francis Townsend supported pensions for the elderly.

96. Section 3-27 Reviewing Themes Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Government and Democracy How did the New Deal contribute to the growth of industrial unions? Legislation such as the Wagner Act encouraged workers to organize unions where none existed and set up a process to protect unions as they developed.

97. Section 3-28 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing Why is the Social Security Act an important piece of legislation? It forced the government to protect the unemployed.

98. Section 3-29 Analyzing Visuals Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing Graphs Examine the photo and graph on page 568 of your textbook. How did successful strikes such as the sit-down strike shown in the photograph lead to a rise in union membership? As workers saw that unions helped them, more workers supported and joined unions.

99. Section 3-30 Close Explain why the Social Security Act is still regarded as an important piece of legislation.

100. End of Section 3

103. Section 4-3 Guide to Reading (cont.) Section Theme Groups and Institutions The Democratic Party’s victory in 1936 resulted from a new alignment in politics that lasted for several decades.

104. Section 4-4 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

112. Section 4-12 How did Eleanor Roosevelt help bring change to the Democratic Party? Eleanor Roosevelt brought change by bringing in the African American and women’s vote. She had strong sympathy for both groups and spoke to many during her tours around the country. She persuaded her husband to address their problems in the New Deal. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Roosevelt’s Second Term (cont.) (pages 572–575)

116. Section 4-16 Why was Roosevelt’s second term of office less successful than the first term? The fight over the court-packing scheme and the recession of 1937 had weakened Roosevelt politically. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The Last New Deal Reforms (cont.) (pages 575–576)

119. Section 4-19 What two Supreme Court decisions gave federal government a new role as mediator between competing groups? In NLRB v. Jones and Laughlin Steel the Court ruled that the federal government had the constitutional authority to regulate production within a state. In Wickard v. Filburn, the Court allowed the federal government to regulate consumption in the states. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The Legacy of the New Deal (cont.) (pages 576–577)

120. Section 4-20 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Checking for Understanding __ 1. something that provides security against misfortune; specifically, government relief programs intended to protect against economic disaster __ 2. role of the government to work out conflicts among competing interest groups A. broker state B. safety net Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. A B

121. Section 4-21 Checking for Understanding (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Explain Roosevelt’s court-packing plan and how it was received. Roosevelt wanted to change the political balance of the Supreme Court. The plan was seen as interfering with separation of powers.

122. Section 4-22 Reviewing Themes Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Groups and Institutions What groups made up the New Deal coalition? African Americans, farmers, laborers, minorities, new immigrants, women, intellectuals, and progressives made up the New Deal coalition.

123. Section 4-23 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Interpreting How did the New Deal change attitudes toward government? Americans felt government had a duty to maintain a safety net.

124. Section 4-24 Analyzing Visuals Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing Photographs Study the photograph on page 574 of your textbook. What does it suggest about Roosevelt’s methods of campaigning? The photograph shows that he went directly to the people.

125. Section 4-25 Close Analyze how the New Deal affected Americans’ sense of security and their attitude toward the role of government.

126. End of Section 4

127. Chapter Summary 1

128. End of Chapter Summary

129. Chapter Assessment 1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Reviewing Key Terms Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. __ 1. process whereby a neutral party hears arguments from two opposing sides and makes a decision that both must accept __ 2. role of the government to work out conflicts among competing interest groups __ 3. a monetary standard in which one ounce of gold equaled a set number of dollars __ 4. method of boycotting work by sitting down at work and refusing to leave the establishment A. gold standard B. fireside chats C. deficit spending D. binding arbitration E. sit-down strike F. Social Security Act G. broker state H. safety net G A D E

130. Chapter Assessment 2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Reviewing Key Terms (cont.) Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. __ 5. radio broadcasts made by FDR to the American people to explain his initiatives __ 6. something that provides security against misfortune; specifically, government relief programs intended to protect against economic disaster __ 7. government practice of spending borrowed money rather than raising taxes, usually an attempt to boost the economy H C B A. gold standard B. fireside chats C. deficit spending D. binding arbitration E. sit-down strike F. Social Security Act G. broker state H. safety net

131. Chapter Assessment 3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Terms (cont.) __ 8. a law requiring workers and employers to pay a tax; the money provides a monthly stipend for retired people F A. gold standard B. fireside chats C. deficit spending D. binding arbitration E. sit-down strike F. Social Security Act G. broker state H. safety net Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.

132. Chapter Assessment 4 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Facts Why was President Roosevelt reluctant to use deficit spending to help the American economy recover from the Great Depression? He was concerned about too much debt and its repercussions, especially on the business community.

133. Chapter Assessment 5 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Facts (cont.) Why did the federal government create work programs during the Depression? The programs were designed to speed up economic recovery by providing income to American workers.

134. Chapter Assessment 6 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Facts (cont.) How did the Supreme Court challenge the New Deal? The Supreme Court overturned some of the New Deal legislation by declaring it unconstitutional.

135. Chapter Assessment 7 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Facts (cont.) How did the Wagner Act contribute to the growth of unions? The Wagner Act gave workers the right to organize without interference and forced companies to recognize unions as bargaining agents.

136. Chapter Assessment 8 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Facts (cont.) Why did President Roosevelt devise the court-packing plan? He was frustrated with the defeats he had suffered and wanted to change the makeup of the Supreme Court.

137. Chapter Assessment 9 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking Analyzing Themes: Economic Factors What caused the recession in 1937, and how did Keynesian economics explain this recession? A reduction in government spending at the same time that the payroll tax went into effect was the main cause of the recession. Keynesian economics argued that government should increase spending during a recession.

138. Chapter Assessment 10 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking (cont.) Analyzing Choose one of the New Deal programs. Describe its goals and evaluate its success. Answers will vary.

139. Chapter Assessment 11 Economics and History Examine the graph below showing unemployment figures, and then answer the questions on the following slides.

140. Chapter Assessment 12 Interpreting Graphs What was the difference in unemployment between 1937 and 1938? It increased from approximately 8 million to 10.5 million. Economics and History (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

141. Chapter Assessment 13 Economics and History (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing Why did unemployment decline between 1933 and 1937? Why did it increase in 1938? It declined due to the New Deal programs and an improving economy. It increased in 1938 as a result of recession and reduced funding for some New Deal programs.

142. Chapter Assessment 14 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Directions: Choose the best answer to the following question. Test-Taking Tip Remember, this question asks for the true statement. Read through each answer carefully to see if it is true of FDR’s first Hundred Days. Since answer G refers to the Second New Deal, it could not refer to the first Hundred Days, so you can eliminate that answer. F They were intended to provide long-term relief to American citizens. G They were known as the Second New Deal. H They were designed as temporary measures to restart the economy. J They were the subject of divisive and protracted debate in Congress. Which of the following is true of the bills passed during the first Hundred Days of FDR’s presidency?

143. Chapter Assessment 15 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What board game became a national fad during the 1930s? Monopoly became a national fad during the 1930s.

144. End of Chapter Assessment

145. CC 4-1 Economics FDR favored a stronger role for federal government in improving the lives of all Americans. These improvements cost money. Under FDR the public debt increased more than it had in the nation’s history, reaching $43 billion in 1940 compared with $16.2 billion in 1930.

146. FYI 2-1 Throughout his presidency Franklin Roosevelt averaged two press conferences a week. These were informal affairs, with as many as 200 reporters cramming into the Oval Office to hear Roosevelt’s pronouncements. He answered questions off the cuff and seemed to know each reporter by name.

147. FYI Contents 3 American Liberty League Federal Theater Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.

148. FYI 3-1a The American Liberty League had two objectives: to teach respect for the rights of person and property, and to teach that it was the duty of government to encourage private enterprise and protect property.

149. FYI 3-2b Among the most exciting and innovative projects of the WPA was the Federal Theater. In 1936 a gifted young director named Orson Welles staged Shakespeare’s Macbeth, setting it in the West Indies and using an all African American cast. Many Federal Theater productions used the “living newspaper” technique, often taking on the style and method of radio and documentary cinema to build morality plays about current events.

150. FYI 4-1 As part of the New Deal, the WPA produced posters publicizing a variety of programs and events. Over 2,000 of these graphically diverse posters are known to exist today. The Library of Congress has more than 900 of them.

151. Moment in History 1 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

152. You Don’t Say 2-1 FDIC Since 1933 the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) has insured bank deposits. Originally the FDIC insured each bank account for up to $5,000. Today accounts are insured up to $100,000.

153. SW Skill Builder 1 Outlining To draw a scene, first you would sketch the rough shape, or outline, of the picture. Then you would fill in this rough shape with details. Outlining written material is a similar process. You begin with the rough shape of the material and gradually fill in the details. Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

154. SW Skill Builder 2 Learning the Skill When studying written material, outlining helps you identify main ideas and group together related facts. In writing, it helps you put information in a logical order. There are two kinds of outlines– formal and informal. An informal outline is similar to taking notes. You write only words and phrases needed to remember ideas. Under the main idea, jot down related but less important details. This kind of outline is useful for reviewing material before a test. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Outlining

155. SW Skill Builder 3 Learning the Skill (cont.) Outlining A formal outline has a standard format. In a formal outline, label main heads with Roman numerals, subheads with capital letters, and details with Arabic numerals. Each level must have at least two entries and should be indented from the previous level. All entries use the same grammatical form. For example, if one entry is a complete sentence, all other entries at that level must also be complete sentences.

156. SW Skill Builder 3 Learning the Skill (cont.) Outlining When outlining written material, first read the material to identify the main ideas. In textbooks, section heads provide clues to main topics. Next, identify the subheads. List details that support or explain subheads underneath the appropriate subhead.

157. SW Skill Builder 5 Practicing the Skill Study the outline on Roosevelt’s New Deal on page 563 of your textbook . Then answer the questions on the following slides. Outlining

158. SW Skill Builder 6 1. Is this an example of a formal or an informal outline? 2. What are the main headings? It is a formal outline. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Outlining The entries beginning with Roman numerals are the main headings. Practicing the Skill (cont.)

159. SW Skill Builder 7 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. 3. How do the subheads under “Managing Farm and Industry” relate to the main idea? 4. Give two examples of grammatical inconsistency in the outline. They all deal with addressing problems during the Hundred Days. IIIA1 and IIIB2 are not complete sentences while other numbered points are. Outlining Practicing the Skill (cont.)

160. M/C 1-1 The TVA, 1940 The First New Deal, 1933–1935 Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.

161. M/C 1-1a

162. M/C 2-1

163. M/C 2-2e

164. M/C 3-1

165. M/C 4-1

166. Why It Matters Transparency

167. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

168. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

169. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

170. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 4 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

171. GO 1

172. GO 2

173. GO 3

174. GO 4

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