Prussia had greater access to natural resources like coal and iron through its control of the Rhineland, fueling stronger economic growth than Austria. Prussia also led the Zollverein trade union, increasing its influence over other German states, while Austria was excluded from this bloc. Economic differences increased tensions between Prussia and Austria, hampering unification of Germany, though they were one part of larger divides around religion, the military, and politics.

2. Natural resources
Prussia’s control of the Rhineland
and its natural resources helped
grow its economy.
Austria had limited access to
natural resources (coal, iron) and
so was not as economically
successful as Prussia.

3. The Zollverein
Prussia also controlled the
Zollverein, giving it huge influence
on most states in the German
Confederation.
Austria however was excluded from
membership of the Zollverein, a
decision which angered them.

4. Main obstacle? Yes
Economic issues further
increased arguments between
Prussia and Austria, limiting the
chances of unification.
Other states worried about
Prussia’s power and its likely
domination of a united Germany.

5. Main obstacle? No
Economic differences were
part of the wider divide
between Austria and Prussia,
such as religion, military, etc.
Prussia’s Zollverein also
meant small states often had
to follow their wishes.