This document is a PowerPoint presentation on the processes of diffusion, osmosis, and active transport that allow substances to move in and out of cells. It defines each process and explains how surface area, temperature, and concentration gradients affect their rates. It also describes a simple experiment demonstrating diffusion using a semipermeable membrane and solutions with different sugar concentrations.

1. IGCSE Biology – 4BI0
MAKING SENSE OF
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2. Copyright © 2015 Henry Exham
• Can you write a definition for diffusion,
osmosis and active transport?
• Can you explain how surface area to volume
ratio, temperature, and concentration
gradient affect the rate at which these
processes work?
• Can you describe a simple experiment to
demonstrate diffusion using a non-living
system?
1.1 Life Processes – Movement in and out of cells
Objectives
2

3. Copyright © 2015 Henry Exham
1.1 Life Processes – Movement in and out of cells
The cell
3
• In order for the cell to carry out the many
chemical reactions it needs to, substances
must enter and leave the cell.
• This happens in the following 3 ways:

4. Copyright © 2015 Henry Exham
1.1 Life Processes – Movement in and out of cells
The cell
4
• In order for the cell to carry out the many
chemical reactions it needs to, substances
must enter and leave the cell.
• This happens in the following 3 ways:

5. Copyright © 2015 Henry Exham
1.1 Life Processes – Movement in and out of cells
The cell
5
• In order for the cell to carry out the many
chemical reactions it needs to, substances
must enter and leave the cell.
• This happens in the following 3 ways:

6. Copyright © 2015 Henry Exham
1.1 Life Processes – Movement in and out of cells
The cell
6
• In order for the cell to carry out the many
chemical reactions it needs to, substances
must enter and leave the cell.
• This happens in the following 3 ways:

7. Copyright © 2015 Henry Exham
1.1 Life Processes – Movement in and out of cells
Diffusion
7

8. Copyright © 2015 Henry Exham
1.1 Life Processes – Movement in and out of cells
Active transport
8

9. Copyright © 2015 Henry Exham
1.1 Life Processes – Movement in and out of cells
Active transport
9

10. Copyright © 2015 Henry Exham
1.1 Life Processes – Movement in and out of cells
Osmosis
10

11. Copyright © 2015 Henry Exham
1.1 Life Processes – Movement in and out of cells
Osmosis
11

12. Copyright © 2015 Henry Exham
1.1 Life Processes – Movement in and out of cells
Osmosis question
12
Visking tubing
0.5%
Sugar
solution
0.1%
Sugar
solution
Which way
will the water
move?

13. Copyright © 2015 Henry Exham
1.1 Life Processes – Movement in and out of cells
Osmosis question
13
Visking tubing
0.5%
Sugar
solution
0.1%
Sugar
solution
Which way
will the water
move?

14. Copyright © 2015 Henry Exham
1.1 Life Processes – Movement in and out of cells
Factors affecting the rate of diffusion
14

15. Copyright © 2015 Henry Exham
1.1 Life Processes – Movement in and out of cells
Factors affecting the rate of diffusion
15

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1.1 Life Processes – Movement in and out of cells
Factors affecting the rate of diffusion
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1.1 Life Processes – Movement in and out of cells
Factors affecting the rate of diffusion
17

18. Copyright © 2015 Henry Exham
1.1 Life Processes – Movement in and out of cells
Factors affecting the rate of diffusion
18

19. Copyright © 2015 Henry Exham
1.1 Life Processes – Movement in and out of cells
Factors affecting the rate of diffusion
19

20. Copyright © 2015 Henry Exham
1.1 Life Processes – Movement in and out of cells
Factors affecting the rate of diffusion
20

21. Copyright © 2015 Henry Exham
1.1 Life Processes – Movement in and out of cells
Factors affecting the rate of diffusion
21
• Watch this video to see the experiment in
action.

22. Copyright © 2015 Henry Exham
1.1 Life Processes – Movement in and out of cells
Factors affecting the rate of diffusion
22
• As the rate of diffusion relies on the surface
area.
• The parts of organisms that rely on diffusion
therefore tend to have a large surface area.

23. This PowerPoint is protected under copyright.
It is designed for educational use. Either personal study or to be
presented to a class. It may be edited or duplicated for these
purposes only.
It must not be shared or distributed online in any format.
Some images used are under a separate creative commons license,
these are clearly marked.
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