The document discusses various metals and their common uses. It describes steel as the most commonly used metal and its applications in structures. Stainless steel is listed as a mixture of steel and chromium that does not rust. High speed steel is a material used for cutting tools that can withstand high temperatures without losing hardness. Cast iron is a mixture of iron and carbon used in parts that require high strength under compression like engine blocks.
1. Metals and their uses Mild Steel Stainless Steel High Speed Steel Cast Iron Aluminium Duralumin Copper Brass Lead Tin Zinc
2. All metals fall within two groups Pure Metals Alloys Iron Copper Aluminium Lead Zinc Tin Gold (a mixture of two or more materials) Brass ( Copper & Zinc) Steel (Iron & Carbon) Cast Iron (Iron & Carbon) Duralumin (Aluminium & Copper) Bronze (Copper, Tin, Phosphorus) High Speed Steel (Tungsten, Chromium, Carbon, Vanadium & Molybdenum)
3. These metals can be further subdivided Ferrous Metals Non Ferrous Metals (Containing Iron) (Containing No Iron) Iron Steel Cast Iron HSS Copper Aluminium Lead Zinc Tin Gold Brass Duralium Bronze
4. Steel and its uses Steel is the most commonly used metal and is used in everything from Sewing needles to Skyscrapers HMS Ark Royal The Golden Gate Bridge AHS Library Advantages: Disadvantages: Low Cost, High Strength & Easy to work with. Rusts
5. Steel Rod Bar (Flat & Square) Sheet Steel is also available in Tube, Hex bar, Angle Iron, and Girders In the school workshop we have the following types of Steel Back
6. Stainless Steel and its uses Stainless Steel is a mixture of Steel, and Chromium HMS Ark Royal Advantages: Disadvantages: Does not rust More difficult to Join tan ordinary Mild Steel The pinnacle of New York's Chrysler Building is clad with stainless steel Cutlery Surgical Instruments Back
7. High Speed Steel High Speed Steel is a material usually used in the manufacture of machine tool bits and other cutters HMS Ark Royal Advantages: Disadvantages: Hard, it can withstand higher temperatures without losing its temper (hardness). Brittle, Cutting Tools Drills Saw Blades Back
8. Cast Iron and its uses Cast Iron is a mixture of 98% Iron and 2% Carbon. Advantages: Disadvantages: Low Cost, Casts well, High Strength (under compression) Rusts, Brittle, Difficult to join, Low Strength (under tension) Cast Iron Fence Pans Engine Blocks Vices Back
9. The Kilean is a mussel farm boat operating in Loch Spelve on the Island of Mull. Built in 1999 From aluminum pioneer to volume production: Audi has now built more than 150,000 vehicles with aluminum body - including over 93,000 Audi A8 and just under 57,000 A2 models. Aluminium and its uses Advantages: Disadvantages: Lightweight, Malleable, Ductile & Does not corrode, Low melting point (660 C) Higher Cost than steel, Harder to Weld The Kilean Audi A8 Back
10. Ingots Sheet Rod Bar (rectangular and square) Extrusion Aluminium In the school work shop we have the following types of aluminium Back
11. Duralumin is often used for aircraft cladding Duralumin is an alloy of 96% Aluminum and 4% Copper. The copper being added to strengthen the aluminum Duralumin and its uses Advantages: Disadvantages: Lightweight, Malleable, Ductile & Does not corrode to any great extent, Low melting point (660 C) Higher Cost than steel, Harder to Weld Jet engine impellers Back
12. Copper is one of the oldest metals known to man. The earliest known copper article is a pendant dating from 9000 BC in Asia Minor. Copper gradually became more plentiful as ancient man learnt how to produce copper from copper ore. The discovery of alloying copper and tin to make bronze (the first ever alloy) was a major step forward because bronze is harder, tougher and stronger than copper Copper and its uses Advantages: Disadvantages: Malleable, Ductile, Good Conductor of heat & electricity, Does not corrode to any great extent High Cost & Rather soft Gutters Wire Pots & Pans
13. Copper Sheet Rod Bar (rectangular and square) In the school work shop we have the following types of copper Back
14. Brass and its uses Advantages: Disadvantages: Ductile & Does not corrode to any great extent High Cost & Brittle if cold worked Musical Instruments Hardware Ornaments Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc and is used extensively in the production of maritime fixtures and fittings (screws, hinges etc) Woodscrews
15. Brass Sheet Rod Bar (rectangular and square) In the school work shop we have the following types of brass Back
16. Lead is often used in batteries, Radiation shields around X-ray equipment and nuclear reactors, Used to contain corrosive liquids & For ammunition. The Romans used lead for plumbing (the decline of the Roman empire is attributed to lead in the water supply!) Lead and its uses Advantages: Disadvantages: Malleable, Ductile, Easy to work & Does not corrode to any great extent Heavy & Rather soft Roofing Materials Fishing Weights Stain Glass Windows Back
17. Tin Cans (Not actually made from Pure tin but Mild steel sheet coated in a thin layer of tin) Tin and its uses Advantages: Disadvantages: Does not corrode Heavy & Rather soft, Expensive Solder (Lead Tin alloy) Tin is seldom used in its pure form but is often added to other metals to form Alloys such as bronze, bell metal, Babbitt metal, die casting alloy, pewter, phosphor bronze, soft solder, Back
18. Zinc and its uses Advantages: Disadvantages: Does not corrode Heavy & Rather soft, Expensive Galvanized Steel Bucket The most common use for Zinc is galvanising, This is the process of dipping mild steel in a tank of molten Zinc, this provides a corrosion resistant coating American Cents are made form a Zinc rich alloy Zinc is also used for sacrificial anodes on the hull of steel boats Back
19. Malleable: Malleability is the ability of a material to be hammered or rolled without cracking. Very few metals have good malleability when cold, but most are malleable when heated to a suitable temperature. Ductile: A ductile material is one which can easily be drawn out into thin wire. Brittle: A Brittle material may resist a steady force but fail easily when subject to a sharp blow. Hardness: Hardness is defined as a resistance to indentation or scratching. Toughness: Tough materials resist fracture by blows. Glossary of Terms