9. Black “Gold” [ Topic 08: Life as a World Power ] “ The great southwestern oil boom began January 10, 1901 at Spindletop, four miles south of Beaumont, Tex., a prosperous sawmill and farm produce shipping town. Since late October, a three-man crew, working 18-hour shifts, had been searching for oil. With $300,000 from financier Andrew Mellon of Pittsburgh, they drilled a pipe 880 feet into the ground. Repeatedly the pipe had gotten stuck. Sand and even quicksand blocked the hole, slowing the drilling. At 880 feet they hit solid rock. The men decided to try a new drill bit.” “ A low, rumbling sound rose up from the earth. Huge columns of mud and water blasted from the hole, followed by four tons of pipe that they had drilled into the ground. The eruption briefly stopped, and then suddenly a column of oil, 200 feet high, exploded from the earth.”
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11. Native American Policy [ Topic 08: Life as a World Power ] “ Kill and scalp them all, big and little!” - Col. John Chivington, Sand Creek Massacre The “Reservation Policy” begins in the 1860s