41. Carbon-14 in shell
Time (thousands of years)
Radioactive decay
of carbon-14
How
carbon-14
dating is
used to
determine
the vintage
of a
fossilized
clam shell
Carbon-14radioactivity
(as%oflivingorganism’s
C-14toC-12ratio)
100
75
0
50
25
0 5.6 50.411.2 16.8 22.4 28.0 33.6 39.2 44.8
Figure 14.15
69. American black bear
Eutherians
(5,010 species)
Millions of years ago
Monotremes
(5 species)
Marsupials
(324 species)
Ancestral
mammal
Reptilian
ancestor
Extinction of
dinosaurs
250 200 150 100 5065 0
Figure 14.26
Hinweis der Redaktion
Figure 14.1 Two patterns of evolution
Figure 14.2a Similarity between different species
Figure 14.2b Diversity within one specie
Figure 14.3 Reproductive barriers between closely related species
Figure 14.4a Temporal isolation
Figure 14.4b Habitat isolation
Figure 14.4c Behavioral isolation
Figure 14.4d Mechanical isolation
Figure 14.4e Gametic isolation
Figure 14.3 Reproductive barriers between closely related species
Figure 14.5a Reduced hybrid viability
Figure 14.5b Reduced hybrid fertility
Figure 14.5c Hybrid breakdown
Figure 14.7 Allopatric speciation of antelope squirrels on opposite rims of the Grand Canyon
Figure 14.10 Two models for the tempo of evolution
Figure 14.14a Petrified wood
Figure 14.14b Insect fossil in amber
Figure 14.14c Dinosaur bone
Figure 14.14d Dinosaur footprints
Table 14.1 The Geologic Time Scale
Figure 14.15 Radiometric dating
Figure 14.16 California's San Andreas fault
Figure 14.17 The history of plate tectonics
Figure 14.19a Leopard (Panthera pardus)
Figure 14.19b Tiger (Panthera tigris)
Figure 14.19c Lion (Panthera leo)
Figure 14.19d Jaguar (Panthera onca)
Figure 14.20 Hierarchical classification
Figure 14.21 The relationship of classification and phylogeny for some members of the order Carnivora
Figure 14.23 A simplified example of cladistics
Figure 14.25 The three-domain classification system
Figure 14.26 The increase in mammalian diversity after the extinction of dinosaurs