SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 13
- Akshay Samant
Export / Import – Terms /
Definitions
Exporter means a person who exports or intends to
export and holds an importer – exporter code number
unless otherwise specifically exempted
Categories of Exporters
Manufacturer Exporter – Manufacturing activity
Merchant exporter – trading activity
AEZ – Agricultural export zone notified by DGFT
BTP – biotechnology park
EHTP – electronic hardware technology park
EOU – export oriented unit
Service provider – supply of service from India to any
other country.
SEZ – special economic zone notified by ministry of
commerce and industry.
Status holder – exporter recognized as export house /
trading house by DGFT
STP – software technology park
Importer – a person who imports or intends to import
and holds an importer – exporter code number unless
otherwise specifically exempted.
Actual user
 Either industrial or non industrial
Capital goods – plant, machinery, equipment or
accessories required for manufacture & production
Drawback
 Rebate on duty chargeable on any imported material or
exercisable material used in the manufacture of goods which
has been exported
Exercisable goods
 Goods produced or manufactured in India and subject to a
duty of excise under the central excise act
Export obligation
 The obligation to export the product or products covered by
the authorization or permission in terms of quality value of
both, as may be prescribed or specified by the competent
authority.
Infrastructural facilities
 Industrial, commercial and social infrastructure or any other
facility for the development of the special economic zone as
notified.
Third party exports
 Export made by exporter or manufacturer on behalf of
another exporter, in such case shipping bills shall indicate
the name of both the exporter / manufacturer and exporters.
Export information
Various publications of chambers of commerce
Export promotion councils
Banks & other institutions engaged in international
trade
Private publications / project reports available on
certain fees.
Export commodity / product
selection
Manufacturing capacity / manufacture export
Availability of the manufactured goods – merchant
exporter
Demand on importing country
Policy, regulation in exporter / importer countries
Total profitability taking into account incentives
available
Import replenishment available if any.
Quota fixation if any in both the countries
Knowledge & experience of similar exporter in
various countries
Obtaining particulars of foreign
buyers
Trade representatives of foreign govt. In India
Indian trade representatives abroad
Export promotion councils & commodity boards,
govt. & semi govt. agencies
International trade directories
Yellow pages
Participating / visiting in international trade fairs &
exhibitions in India & abroad
Reading materials
Newspapers, trade bulletins, magazines, journals
published by various agencies.
Advertising in Indian as well as foreign newspaper,
magazines & journal.
Relatives, friends & other contacts in foreign
countries.

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Import and Export Process of Bangladesh
Import and Export Process of BangladeshImport and Export Process of Bangladesh
Import and Export Process of BangladeshSamia Ibrahim
 
Import export assignment
Import export assignmentImport export assignment
Import export assignmentHITESH BHARTI
 
Import and export - What is difference between import and export?
Import and export - What is difference between import and export?Import and export - What is difference between import and export?
Import and export - What is difference between import and export?Zabeel Institute
 
Customs procedure In India
Customs procedure In IndiaCustoms procedure In India
Customs procedure In IndiaSumanChauhan30
 
Export procedure and documentation
Export procedure and documentationExport procedure and documentation
Export procedure and documentationRishi Dange
 
LICENCING PROCEDURE FOR EXPORT AND IMPORT
LICENCING PROCEDURE FOR EXPORT AND IMPORTLICENCING PROCEDURE FOR EXPORT AND IMPORT
LICENCING PROCEDURE FOR EXPORT AND IMPORTAsrar Mohd
 
Establishing of export firm
Establishing of export firmEstablishing of export firm
Establishing of export firmHitesh Chawla
 
Import Management
Import ManagementImport Management
Import Managementarkarra
 
Registration formalities of export in India
Registration formalities of export in IndiaRegistration formalities of export in India
Registration formalities of export in IndiaDr. Sneha Sharma
 
Central excise clearance
Central excise clearanceCentral excise clearance
Central excise clearanceChandan Singh
 
steps of export from india
steps of export from india steps of export from india
steps of export from india rishi rathod
 
Export incentives & Exemptions
Export incentives & ExemptionsExport incentives & Exemptions
Export incentives & Exemptionseibindia
 
Pre-shipment Inspection WTO Prepared by Abubakar Bhatti
Pre-shipment Inspection WTO Prepared by Abubakar BhattiPre-shipment Inspection WTO Prepared by Abubakar Bhatti
Pre-shipment Inspection WTO Prepared by Abubakar BhattiAbubakar Bhatti
 

Was ist angesagt? (20)

FT Commercial Insight
FT Commercial InsightFT Commercial Insight
FT Commercial Insight
 
How to start an export import business
How to start an export import businessHow to start an export import business
How to start an export import business
 
Import and Export Process of Bangladesh
Import and Export Process of BangladeshImport and Export Process of Bangladesh
Import and Export Process of Bangladesh
 
Exim Policy
Exim  PolicyExim  Policy
Exim Policy
 
Export managment
Export managmentExport managment
Export managment
 
Export procedures
Export proceduresExport procedures
Export procedures
 
Import export assignment
Import export assignmentImport export assignment
Import export assignment
 
Import and export - What is difference between import and export?
Import and export - What is difference between import and export?Import and export - What is difference between import and export?
Import and export - What is difference between import and export?
 
Customs procedure In India
Customs procedure In IndiaCustoms procedure In India
Customs procedure In India
 
Export procedure and documentation
Export procedure and documentationExport procedure and documentation
Export procedure and documentation
 
LICENCING PROCEDURE FOR EXPORT AND IMPORT
LICENCING PROCEDURE FOR EXPORT AND IMPORTLICENCING PROCEDURE FOR EXPORT AND IMPORT
LICENCING PROCEDURE FOR EXPORT AND IMPORT
 
Establishing of export firm
Establishing of export firmEstablishing of export firm
Establishing of export firm
 
Import Management
Import ManagementImport Management
Import Management
 
Import Procedures in india
Import Procedures in indiaImport Procedures in india
Import Procedures in india
 
Registration formalities of export in India
Registration formalities of export in IndiaRegistration formalities of export in India
Registration formalities of export in India
 
Central excise clearance
Central excise clearanceCentral excise clearance
Central excise clearance
 
export Oriented Unit
export Oriented Unitexport Oriented Unit
export Oriented Unit
 
steps of export from india
steps of export from india steps of export from india
steps of export from india
 
Export incentives & Exemptions
Export incentives & ExemptionsExport incentives & Exemptions
Export incentives & Exemptions
 
Pre-shipment Inspection WTO Prepared by Abubakar Bhatti
Pre-shipment Inspection WTO Prepared by Abubakar BhattiPre-shipment Inspection WTO Prepared by Abubakar Bhatti
Pre-shipment Inspection WTO Prepared by Abubakar Bhatti
 

Ähnlich wie Exportimportdocumentationandstepsforsuccessful 110906103348-phpapp01

Foreign trade policy India chapter 2 general provision regarding export and ...
Foreign trade policy  India chapter 2 general provision regarding export and ...Foreign trade policy  India chapter 2 general provision regarding export and ...
Foreign trade policy India chapter 2 general provision regarding export and ...DEEPAK PANT
 
Export promotion and incentives
Export promotion and  incentivesExport promotion and  incentives
Export promotion and incentivesMarzieh Arianfar
 
Exports regulations (1)
Exports  regulations (1)Exports  regulations (1)
Exports regulations (1)Deepak Tandon
 
FEMA Compliance on Export of Goods and Services.pdf
FEMA Compliance on Export of Goods and Services.pdfFEMA Compliance on Export of Goods and Services.pdf
FEMA Compliance on Export of Goods and Services.pdfEnterslice
 
Assignment on export and import procedures of flying king exports and imports...
Assignment on export and import procedures of flying king exports and imports...Assignment on export and import procedures of flying king exports and imports...
Assignment on export and import procedures of flying king exports and imports...Juhi Shah
 
Advance authorization scheme (aas).pptx (2)
Advance authorization scheme (aas).pptx (2)Advance authorization scheme (aas).pptx (2)
Advance authorization scheme (aas).pptx (2)Inagarco .
 
Export import for ss is 1
Export import for ss is 1Export import for ss is 1
Export import for ss is 1hemilpatel26
 
EXPORT IMPORT
EXPORT IMPORTEXPORT IMPORT
EXPORT IMPORTRati Kaul
 
Export procedures for agro based products
Export procedures for agro   based productsExport procedures for agro   based products
Export procedures for agro based productsDN Vaisnavi
 
#Merchant Exports – A Complete Analysis# By SN Panigrahi
#Merchant Exports – A Complete Analysis# By SN Panigrahi#Merchant Exports – A Complete Analysis# By SN Panigrahi
#Merchant Exports – A Complete Analysis# By SN PanigrahiSN Panigrahi, PMP
 
Export procedure presentation
Export procedure presentationExport procedure presentation
Export procedure presentationvideshvepaar .com
 
TRADE POLICY OF PAKISTAN
TRADE POLICY OF PAKISTANTRADE POLICY OF PAKISTAN
TRADE POLICY OF PAKISTANNeelam Asad
 
Strategy of doing export business
Strategy of doing export businessStrategy of doing export business
Strategy of doing export businessDR. ASHIS DASH
 
International trade : Policy perspective and Startup strategy
International trade : Policy perspective and Startup strategyInternational trade : Policy perspective and Startup strategy
International trade : Policy perspective and Startup strategyDR. ASHIS DASH
 

Ähnlich wie Exportimportdocumentationandstepsforsuccessful 110906103348-phpapp01 (20)

Foreign trade policy India chapter 2 general provision regarding export and ...
Foreign trade policy  India chapter 2 general provision regarding export and ...Foreign trade policy  India chapter 2 general provision regarding export and ...
Foreign trade policy India chapter 2 general provision regarding export and ...
 
Export promotion and incentives
Export promotion and  incentivesExport promotion and  incentives
Export promotion and incentives
 
Exports regulations (1)
Exports  regulations (1)Exports  regulations (1)
Exports regulations (1)
 
Acl ppt
Acl pptAcl ppt
Acl ppt
 
FEMA Compliance on Export of Goods and Services.pdf
FEMA Compliance on Export of Goods and Services.pdfFEMA Compliance on Export of Goods and Services.pdf
FEMA Compliance on Export of Goods and Services.pdf
 
Export & import
Export & importExport & import
Export & import
 
Eeb exim policy
Eeb   exim policyEeb   exim policy
Eeb exim policy
 
Assignment on export and import procedures of flying king exports and imports...
Assignment on export and import procedures of flying king exports and imports...Assignment on export and import procedures of flying king exports and imports...
Assignment on export and import procedures of flying king exports and imports...
 
Advance authorization scheme (aas).pptx (2)
Advance authorization scheme (aas).pptx (2)Advance authorization scheme (aas).pptx (2)
Advance authorization scheme (aas).pptx (2)
 
Export import for ss is 1
Export import for ss is 1Export import for ss is 1
Export import for ss is 1
 
EXPORT IMPORT
EXPORT IMPORTEXPORT IMPORT
EXPORT IMPORT
 
Export procedures for agro based products
Export procedures for agro   based productsExport procedures for agro   based products
Export procedures for agro based products
 
#Merchant Exports – A Complete Analysis# By SN Panigrahi
#Merchant Exports – A Complete Analysis# By SN Panigrahi#Merchant Exports – A Complete Analysis# By SN Panigrahi
#Merchant Exports – A Complete Analysis# By SN Panigrahi
 
Export procedure presentation
Export procedure presentationExport procedure presentation
Export procedure presentation
 
jenny.pptx
jenny.pptxjenny.pptx
jenny.pptx
 
Dgft
DgftDgft
Dgft
 
TRADE POLICY OF PAKISTAN
TRADE POLICY OF PAKISTANTRADE POLICY OF PAKISTAN
TRADE POLICY OF PAKISTAN
 
Strategy of doing export business
Strategy of doing export businessStrategy of doing export business
Strategy of doing export business
 
IB-EPC.pdf
IB-EPC.pdfIB-EPC.pdf
IB-EPC.pdf
 
International trade : Policy perspective and Startup strategy
International trade : Policy perspective and Startup strategyInternational trade : Policy perspective and Startup strategy
International trade : Policy perspective and Startup strategy
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

TriStar Gold Corporate Presentation - April 2024
TriStar Gold Corporate Presentation - April 2024TriStar Gold Corporate Presentation - April 2024
TriStar Gold Corporate Presentation - April 2024Adnet Communications
 
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Shivaji Enclave Delhi NCR
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Shivaji Enclave Delhi NCR8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Shivaji Enclave Delhi NCR
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Shivaji Enclave Delhi NCRashishs7044
 
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdfShaun Heinrichs
 
Annual General Meeting Presentation Slides
Annual General Meeting Presentation SlidesAnnual General Meeting Presentation Slides
Annual General Meeting Presentation SlidesKeppelCorporation
 
Memorándum de Entendimiento (MoU) entre Codelco y SQM
Memorándum de Entendimiento (MoU) entre Codelco y SQMMemorándum de Entendimiento (MoU) entre Codelco y SQM
Memorándum de Entendimiento (MoU) entre Codelco y SQMVoces Mineras
 
Unlocking the Future: Explore Web 3.0 Workshop to Start Earning Today!
Unlocking the Future: Explore Web 3.0 Workshop to Start Earning Today!Unlocking the Future: Explore Web 3.0 Workshop to Start Earning Today!
Unlocking the Future: Explore Web 3.0 Workshop to Start Earning Today!Doge Mining Website
 
Financial-Statement-Analysis-of-Coca-cola-Company.pptx
Financial-Statement-Analysis-of-Coca-cola-Company.pptxFinancial-Statement-Analysis-of-Coca-cola-Company.pptx
Financial-Statement-Analysis-of-Coca-cola-Company.pptxsaniyaimamuddin
 
Darshan Hiranandani [News About Next CEO].pdf
Darshan Hiranandani [News About Next CEO].pdfDarshan Hiranandani [News About Next CEO].pdf
Darshan Hiranandani [News About Next CEO].pdfShashank Mehta
 
Call Us 📲8800102216📞 Call Girls In DLF City Gurgaon
Call Us 📲8800102216📞 Call Girls In DLF City GurgaonCall Us 📲8800102216📞 Call Girls In DLF City Gurgaon
Call Us 📲8800102216📞 Call Girls In DLF City Gurgaoncallgirls2057
 
Market Sizes Sample Report - 2024 Edition
Market Sizes Sample Report - 2024 EditionMarket Sizes Sample Report - 2024 Edition
Market Sizes Sample Report - 2024 EditionMintel Group
 
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in New Ashok Nagar Delhi NCR
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in New Ashok Nagar Delhi NCR8447779800, Low rate Call girls in New Ashok Nagar Delhi NCR
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in New Ashok Nagar Delhi NCRashishs7044
 
Flow Your Strategy at Flight Levels Day 2024
Flow Your Strategy at Flight Levels Day 2024Flow Your Strategy at Flight Levels Day 2024
Flow Your Strategy at Flight Levels Day 2024Kirill Klimov
 
NewBase 19 April 2024 Energy News issue - 1717 by Khaled Al Awadi.pdf
NewBase  19 April  2024  Energy News issue - 1717 by Khaled Al Awadi.pdfNewBase  19 April  2024  Energy News issue - 1717 by Khaled Al Awadi.pdf
NewBase 19 April 2024 Energy News issue - 1717 by Khaled Al Awadi.pdfKhaled Al Awadi
 
Fordham -How effective decision-making is within the IT department - Analysis...
Fordham -How effective decision-making is within the IT department - Analysis...Fordham -How effective decision-making is within the IT department - Analysis...
Fordham -How effective decision-making is within the IT department - Analysis...Peter Ward
 
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Saket Delhi NCR
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Saket Delhi NCR8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Saket Delhi NCR
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Saket Delhi NCRashishs7044
 
PB Project 1: Exploring Your Personal Brand
PB Project 1: Exploring Your Personal BrandPB Project 1: Exploring Your Personal Brand
PB Project 1: Exploring Your Personal BrandSharisaBethune
 
APRIL2024_UKRAINE_xml_0000000000000 .pdf
APRIL2024_UKRAINE_xml_0000000000000 .pdfAPRIL2024_UKRAINE_xml_0000000000000 .pdf
APRIL2024_UKRAINE_xml_0000000000000 .pdfRbc Rbcua
 
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Tughlakabad Delhi NCR
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Tughlakabad Delhi NCR8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Tughlakabad Delhi NCR
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Tughlakabad Delhi NCRashishs7044
 
Cyber Security Training in Office Environment
Cyber Security Training in Office EnvironmentCyber Security Training in Office Environment
Cyber Security Training in Office Environmentelijahj01012
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

TriStar Gold Corporate Presentation - April 2024
TriStar Gold Corporate Presentation - April 2024TriStar Gold Corporate Presentation - April 2024
TriStar Gold Corporate Presentation - April 2024
 
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Shivaji Enclave Delhi NCR
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Shivaji Enclave Delhi NCR8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Shivaji Enclave Delhi NCR
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Shivaji Enclave Delhi NCR
 
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf
 
Enjoy ➥8448380779▻ Call Girls In Sector 18 Noida Escorts Delhi NCR
Enjoy ➥8448380779▻ Call Girls In Sector 18 Noida Escorts Delhi NCREnjoy ➥8448380779▻ Call Girls In Sector 18 Noida Escorts Delhi NCR
Enjoy ➥8448380779▻ Call Girls In Sector 18 Noida Escorts Delhi NCR
 
Annual General Meeting Presentation Slides
Annual General Meeting Presentation SlidesAnnual General Meeting Presentation Slides
Annual General Meeting Presentation Slides
 
Memorándum de Entendimiento (MoU) entre Codelco y SQM
Memorándum de Entendimiento (MoU) entre Codelco y SQMMemorándum de Entendimiento (MoU) entre Codelco y SQM
Memorándum de Entendimiento (MoU) entre Codelco y SQM
 
Unlocking the Future: Explore Web 3.0 Workshop to Start Earning Today!
Unlocking the Future: Explore Web 3.0 Workshop to Start Earning Today!Unlocking the Future: Explore Web 3.0 Workshop to Start Earning Today!
Unlocking the Future: Explore Web 3.0 Workshop to Start Earning Today!
 
Financial-Statement-Analysis-of-Coca-cola-Company.pptx
Financial-Statement-Analysis-of-Coca-cola-Company.pptxFinancial-Statement-Analysis-of-Coca-cola-Company.pptx
Financial-Statement-Analysis-of-Coca-cola-Company.pptx
 
Darshan Hiranandani [News About Next CEO].pdf
Darshan Hiranandani [News About Next CEO].pdfDarshan Hiranandani [News About Next CEO].pdf
Darshan Hiranandani [News About Next CEO].pdf
 
Call Us 📲8800102216📞 Call Girls In DLF City Gurgaon
Call Us 📲8800102216📞 Call Girls In DLF City GurgaonCall Us 📲8800102216📞 Call Girls In DLF City Gurgaon
Call Us 📲8800102216📞 Call Girls In DLF City Gurgaon
 
Market Sizes Sample Report - 2024 Edition
Market Sizes Sample Report - 2024 EditionMarket Sizes Sample Report - 2024 Edition
Market Sizes Sample Report - 2024 Edition
 
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in New Ashok Nagar Delhi NCR
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in New Ashok Nagar Delhi NCR8447779800, Low rate Call girls in New Ashok Nagar Delhi NCR
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in New Ashok Nagar Delhi NCR
 
Flow Your Strategy at Flight Levels Day 2024
Flow Your Strategy at Flight Levels Day 2024Flow Your Strategy at Flight Levels Day 2024
Flow Your Strategy at Flight Levels Day 2024
 
NewBase 19 April 2024 Energy News issue - 1717 by Khaled Al Awadi.pdf
NewBase  19 April  2024  Energy News issue - 1717 by Khaled Al Awadi.pdfNewBase  19 April  2024  Energy News issue - 1717 by Khaled Al Awadi.pdf
NewBase 19 April 2024 Energy News issue - 1717 by Khaled Al Awadi.pdf
 
Fordham -How effective decision-making is within the IT department - Analysis...
Fordham -How effective decision-making is within the IT department - Analysis...Fordham -How effective decision-making is within the IT department - Analysis...
Fordham -How effective decision-making is within the IT department - Analysis...
 
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Saket Delhi NCR
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Saket Delhi NCR8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Saket Delhi NCR
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Saket Delhi NCR
 
PB Project 1: Exploring Your Personal Brand
PB Project 1: Exploring Your Personal BrandPB Project 1: Exploring Your Personal Brand
PB Project 1: Exploring Your Personal Brand
 
APRIL2024_UKRAINE_xml_0000000000000 .pdf
APRIL2024_UKRAINE_xml_0000000000000 .pdfAPRIL2024_UKRAINE_xml_0000000000000 .pdf
APRIL2024_UKRAINE_xml_0000000000000 .pdf
 
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Tughlakabad Delhi NCR
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Tughlakabad Delhi NCR8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Tughlakabad Delhi NCR
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Tughlakabad Delhi NCR
 
Cyber Security Training in Office Environment
Cyber Security Training in Office EnvironmentCyber Security Training in Office Environment
Cyber Security Training in Office Environment
 

Exportimportdocumentationandstepsforsuccessful 110906103348-phpapp01

  • 2.
  • 3. Export / Import – Terms / Definitions Exporter means a person who exports or intends to export and holds an importer – exporter code number unless otherwise specifically exempted Categories of Exporters Manufacturer Exporter – Manufacturing activity Merchant exporter – trading activity AEZ – Agricultural export zone notified by DGFT
  • 4. BTP – biotechnology park EHTP – electronic hardware technology park EOU – export oriented unit Service provider – supply of service from India to any other country. SEZ – special economic zone notified by ministry of commerce and industry.
  • 5. Status holder – exporter recognized as export house / trading house by DGFT STP – software technology park Importer – a person who imports or intends to import and holds an importer – exporter code number unless otherwise specifically exempted.
  • 6. Actual user  Either industrial or non industrial Capital goods – plant, machinery, equipment or accessories required for manufacture & production Drawback  Rebate on duty chargeable on any imported material or exercisable material used in the manufacture of goods which has been exported
  • 7. Exercisable goods  Goods produced or manufactured in India and subject to a duty of excise under the central excise act Export obligation  The obligation to export the product or products covered by the authorization or permission in terms of quality value of both, as may be prescribed or specified by the competent authority. Infrastructural facilities  Industrial, commercial and social infrastructure or any other facility for the development of the special economic zone as notified.
  • 8. Third party exports  Export made by exporter or manufacturer on behalf of another exporter, in such case shipping bills shall indicate the name of both the exporter / manufacturer and exporters.
  • 9. Export information Various publications of chambers of commerce Export promotion councils Banks & other institutions engaged in international trade Private publications / project reports available on certain fees.
  • 10. Export commodity / product selection Manufacturing capacity / manufacture export Availability of the manufactured goods – merchant exporter Demand on importing country Policy, regulation in exporter / importer countries Total profitability taking into account incentives available Import replenishment available if any.
  • 11. Quota fixation if any in both the countries Knowledge & experience of similar exporter in various countries
  • 12. Obtaining particulars of foreign buyers Trade representatives of foreign govt. In India Indian trade representatives abroad Export promotion councils & commodity boards, govt. & semi govt. agencies International trade directories Yellow pages Participating / visiting in international trade fairs & exhibitions in India & abroad
  • 13. Reading materials Newspapers, trade bulletins, magazines, journals published by various agencies. Advertising in Indian as well as foreign newspaper, magazines & journal. Relatives, friends & other contacts in foreign countries.