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Deformation of the
  Earth’s Crust
      Mr. Silva
Objective

• Students will be able to describe isostatic
  adjustment by using an analogy of
  comparing cargo ships to mountain ranges.
• Students will be able to identify three
  stresses acting on the Earth’s crust and
  correlate at which boundary each stress
  occurs.
What do you think of when you hear…
 the Himalayans, the Rockies, the
 Andes, the Sierra Nevada?

These imposing landforms are visible
 reminders that the shape of the earth’s
 surface is always changing.
How the Crust is Deformed

• Deformation of the crust is the bending,
  tilting, and braking of the earth’s crust.

• Plate tectonics is the movement of the earth
  crust, but it’s not the only force that shapes
  the earth’s crust
Isostatic Adjustment
• Isostatic adjustment occurs in the earth’s
  crust because of the change in the weight in
  some parts of the crust.
Isostatic Adjustment
• When crusts are thicker and heavier they
 move deeper into the mantle.



   KS
SIN
Isostatic Adjustment
• When crusts are thinner and lighter, it will
  rise higher on of the mantle.




   ISES
 R
Isostatic Adjustment
• Take a second and think of a CARGO SHIP.
Isostatic Adjustment
• This up-and-down movement in the crust
  occurs because of two opposing forces

• The crust is always trying to reach a
  balance.

• That balance is known as isostatic!


  ISOSTATIC =
  BALANCE
Isostatic Adjustment
Common Locations
• Isostatic adjustments are constantly
  occurring near:
 – Mountain ranges
 – Active volcanoes
 – Around glacier formations
Stress on the Crust
• Plate movement causes STRESS on the
  earth’s surface, or outermost crust.

• What is STRESS?
Stress on the Crust
• The crust becomes stressed when plates
  collide, separate or rub up on each other.

                  Coll
                       id      e
       u b
   R            Separat
                        e
Quick Review
• At what plate boundary do plates collide?

 Convergent Plate Boundaries

• At what plate boundary to plates separate?
 Divergent Plate Boundaries

• At what plate boundary to plates rub?
 Transform Faults
                                          14
3 Types of Stresses
• Compression: occurs when crustal rocks
  are squeezed together.
 – Often times reduces volume of rock

 – Will push rock higher up or deeper down into the
   crust
3 Types of Stresses
• Tension: is the force that pulls the rocks
  apart.
 – Tend to become thinner.
3 Types of Stresses
• Shearing: pushes rocks in the opposite
  horizontal direction.
 – Rocks can bend, twist, or break apart as they
   slide past each other.
Quick Review
• Divergent Boundary
 –Tension
   • Rocks pull apart
• Convergent Boundary
 –Compression
   • Rocks crash into each other
• Transform Fault
 –Shear stress
   • Rock slide past each other

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3.1 deformation of the earths crust

  • 1. Deformation of the Earth’s Crust Mr. Silva
  • 2. Objective • Students will be able to describe isostatic adjustment by using an analogy of comparing cargo ships to mountain ranges. • Students will be able to identify three stresses acting on the Earth’s crust and correlate at which boundary each stress occurs.
  • 3. What do you think of when you hear… the Himalayans, the Rockies, the Andes, the Sierra Nevada? These imposing landforms are visible reminders that the shape of the earth’s surface is always changing.
  • 4. How the Crust is Deformed • Deformation of the crust is the bending, tilting, and braking of the earth’s crust. • Plate tectonics is the movement of the earth crust, but it’s not the only force that shapes the earth’s crust
  • 5. Isostatic Adjustment • Isostatic adjustment occurs in the earth’s crust because of the change in the weight in some parts of the crust.
  • 6. Isostatic Adjustment • When crusts are thicker and heavier they move deeper into the mantle. KS SIN
  • 7. Isostatic Adjustment • When crusts are thinner and lighter, it will rise higher on of the mantle. ISES R
  • 8. Isostatic Adjustment • Take a second and think of a CARGO SHIP.
  • 9. Isostatic Adjustment • This up-and-down movement in the crust occurs because of two opposing forces • The crust is always trying to reach a balance. • That balance is known as isostatic! ISOSTATIC = BALANCE
  • 11. Common Locations • Isostatic adjustments are constantly occurring near: – Mountain ranges – Active volcanoes – Around glacier formations
  • 12. Stress on the Crust • Plate movement causes STRESS on the earth’s surface, or outermost crust. • What is STRESS?
  • 13. Stress on the Crust • The crust becomes stressed when plates collide, separate or rub up on each other. Coll id e u b R Separat e
  • 14. Quick Review • At what plate boundary do plates collide? Convergent Plate Boundaries • At what plate boundary to plates separate? Divergent Plate Boundaries • At what plate boundary to plates rub? Transform Faults 14
  • 15. 3 Types of Stresses • Compression: occurs when crustal rocks are squeezed together. – Often times reduces volume of rock – Will push rock higher up or deeper down into the crust
  • 16. 3 Types of Stresses • Tension: is the force that pulls the rocks apart. – Tend to become thinner.
  • 17. 3 Types of Stresses • Shearing: pushes rocks in the opposite horizontal direction. – Rocks can bend, twist, or break apart as they slide past each other.
  • 18. Quick Review • Divergent Boundary –Tension • Rocks pull apart • Convergent Boundary –Compression • Rocks crash into each other • Transform Fault –Shear stress • Rock slide past each other