Oracle Exadata is a packaged solution offering from Oracle, configured with bundled hardware, storage and database, which is touted to be optimized for handling scalable data warehouse-type workloads in query and analysis.

1. ORACLE EXADATA
By: Moin Khalid

2. What is Exadata?
• Complete Oracle database server
• Disk storage system
• CPU, memory, network hardware
• Operating system
• Database software
• Fully installed and configured

3. Exadata Unified Workload Transformation
Single Machine for…
• Data Warehousing
• OLTP
• Database Cloud
OLTP with Analytics and Parallelism of
Warehousing
Warehousing with Interactivity,
Availability, and Security of OLTP

4. Pre-built and Optimized Out-of-the-Box

5. Exadata Architecture
Complete Database platform using standard servers for Compute and Storage
1. Scale-Out Database Servers
• 128 to 160 CPU Cores per rack
• 2TB to 4TB DRAM
1. Scale-Out Intelligent Storage Servers
• 2-socket storage servers, Exadata
Storage Software
• Up to 500TB disk per rack
• 22TB Flash memory cards per rack
1. InfiniBand Network
• Unified internal connectivity ( 40
Gb/sec )

7. Exadata X3 | Database In-Memory Machine

8. What is standard about Exadata?
• Off the shelf hardware
• Intel x86 processors
• Standard Sun disk drives, memory
• Infiniband network adapters and switches
• Linux operating system
• Oracle 11gR2 database software

9. What is unique about Exadata?
• Storage Servers have Oracle database specific features
• Smart Scan – returns only needed data
• Storage Indexes – only accesses needed disk blocks
• Hybrid Columnar Compression – fits data into fewer disk
blocks

10. Exadata Innovations

11. Exadata Intelligent Storage Grid
• Data Intensive processing runs in Exadata
Storage Grid
1. Filter rows and columns as data streams
from disks (168 Intel Cores)
2. Example: How much product X sold last
quarter
• Exadata Storage Reads 10TB from disk
• Exadata Storage Filters rows by
Product & Date
• Sends 100GB of matching data to DB
Servers
3. Scale-out storage parallelizes execution
and removes bottlenecks

12. Exadata Smart Scan
1. Database Servers
• Perform complex database
processing such as joins,
aggregation, etc.
2. Exadata Storage Servers
• Storage Server is smart storage, not
a DB node
• Search tables and indexes, filtering
out data that is not relevant to a
query
• Cells serve data to multiple
databases enabling OLTP and
consolidation
• Simplicity, and robustness of storage
appliance

13. Exadata Storage Index
Transparent I/O Elimination with No Overhead
• Exadata Storage Indexes maintain
summary information about table data in
memory
• Store MIN and MAX values of columns
• Typically one index entry for every MB of
disk
• Eliminates disk I/Os if MIN and MAX can
never match “where” clause of a query
• Completely automatic and transparent

14. Storage Index with Joins Example

15. Exadata Hybrid Columnar Compression
Highest Capacity, Lowest Cost
1. Data is organized and compressed by
column
• Dramatically better compression
2. Speed Optimized Query Mode for Data
Warehousing
• 10X compression typical
• Runs faster because of Exadata
offload!
3. Space Optimized Archival Mode for
infrequently accessed data
• 15X to 50X compression typical

16. Exadata X3 Database In-Memory
1. X3 mass memory hierarchy delivers extreme
Machine
performance
• Automatically moves all active data from disk
to memory
2. DRAM memory expanded to 2 or 4 TB for hottest
data
• 4 to 40 TB of compressed user data
3. Flash memory expanded 4X to 22 TB per rack
• 40 to 200 TB of compressed user data – ALL
active data
• 1.5 Million SQL random read I/Os per second
for OLTP
• 100 GB/sec SQL data scan rate for reporting
and warehouses

17. Exadata VS DB with SAN

18. Comparison of three DB server types
Compare two types of database servers to demonstrate
features unique to Exadata
– DB server attached to a Storage Area Network
(SAN)
– Exadata
• With Smart Scan
• Without Smart Scan

19. Rows, Columns, and Blocks
• A SQL table is a collection of rows – one row per sale
• A row is a list of columns – date, product, customer,
amount,…
• A table is broken up into equal sized blocks each with
a number of rows = rows size/block size = 8000
bytes/80 bytes = 100 rows per block
• Results of queries are a subset of the columns and a
subset of the rows of a table

20. Database Server with Just Disks
DATABASE SERVER
INDEXES
DISKS
BLOCKS
COMPRESSION
MEMORY
CACHE
RESULTS
USER

21. Database Server with SAN
Disk Array (e.g. XP 24000)
Database Server
INDEXES
NETWORK
DISKS
BLOCKS
MEMORY
CACHE
BLOCKS
MEMORY
CACHE
COMPRESSION
RESULTS
USER

22. Exadata with Smart Scan
Cell Storage Server
Database Server
INDEXES
NETWORK
DISKS
BLOCKS
COMPRESSION
MEMORY
CACHE
RESULTS
USER

23. Exadata without Smart Scan
Cell Storage Server
Database Server
INDEXES
NETWORK
DISKS
BLOCKS
MEMORY
CACHE
BLOCKS
MEMORY
CACHE
COMPRESSION
RESULTS
USER

24. Observations
•
DB server with SAN differs from full Exadata system
– Full database blocks copied over SAN network While Results are
only copied over Exadata network
– Database server caches blocks from SAN
•
Exadata Smart Scan can be turned off
– Without Smart Scan Exadata works just like DB server with SAN

25. Why use Exadata?
•
•
•
•
New set of performance enhancing features
All other Oracle features still available
Easy to use new features
Easy to bypass new features

26. Exadata Management

27. Exadata Storage Management &
Administration
1. Enterprise Manager
• Manage & administer Database and ASM (auto storage management)
• Monitor the Exadata Database Machine Hardware
2. Auto Service Request (ASR)
• File SRs automatically for common hardware faults
3. Comprehensive Command Line Interface (CLI)
• Local Exadata Storage cell management
• Distributed shell utility to execute CLI across multiple cells
4. Embedded Integrated Lights Out Manager (ILOM)
• Remote management and administration of hardware

28. Enterprise Manager 12c
Integrated H/W + S/W management for Exadata
1. Hardware view
• Schematic of cells, compute nodes
and switches
• Hardware components alerts
2. Software/system view
• Performance, availability, usage by
databases, services, clusters
• Software alerts db, cluster, ASM
• Topology view of DB
systems/clusters
3. Configuration view
• Version summary of all components
along with patch recommendations

30. Upgrade and Scaling

31. Scale to 18 Racks by Just Adding Cables
Full Bandwidth and Redundancy
Scale to more than 18 Racks by adding InfiniBand switches

32. Seamless Upgrades and Expansions
1. A single Database Machine can have
servers from different generations
2. Databases and Clusters can span across
multiple hardware generations
3. New software runs on older hardware

33. Exadata Flash Performance Scales
Linearly
Exadata scales using
– True Scale-Out
– InfiniBand
– Smart Storage

34. Exadata VS Teradata

35. Teradata Comparison to Oracle Architecture
loader
loader
Oracle – Exadata
MPP Extension to Shared Memory
& Disk
Teradata SharedNothing

36. Exadata is a 2 tier Architecture

37. Things to Watch

38. Things to watch out for
• Databases tuned for Exadata are not portable
– Datafiles with HCC won’t work on non-Exadata
system
– Applications that have been tuned to work well on
Exadata will be slow on non-Exadata
• Can’t control, no documentation for storage indexes
– What columns are they on?
– What column types can they be on?

39. Things to watch out for – page 2
• HCC and tables > 255 columns buggy
– Wrong results, errors
– Wrong optimizer stats
• Newness issues
– Bugs, hangs, crashes, unexpected results
– Lack of documentation
– Lack of trained people

40. Recommendations
•
•
•
•
Small number of RAC nodes – 2 if possible
Use as few new features as possible
Fewer than 256 columns per table
Get Exadata VM from Oracle for sandbox

41. Thanks You