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Spinal Nerves and
Spinal Plexuses



SLIDES AND NARRATION BY MARY KLINGER
Nerve Plexuses
• Complex, interwoven networks of nerve
  fibers
• Formed by blended fibers of ventral rami
  of adjacent spinal nerves
• Mixed nerves.
• Control muscles of the neck and upper
  and lower extremities
• Receive sensory information from skin
  superficial to muscles.
Nerve Plexuses

The four major plexuses made from ventral
 rami

 1. Cervical plexus
 2. Brachial plexus
 3. Lumbar plexus
 4. Sacral plexus
Nerve Plexuses
• Cervical Plexus
 ▫ Includes ventral rami of spinal nerves C1 –
   C5
 ▫ Innervates muscles of the neck, thoracic
   cavity and diaphragm
 ▫ Major nerve
    Phrenic nerve - innervates the diaphragm and
     contains fibers from C3, C4, and C5.
Nerve Plexuses
• Picture of cervical plexus in situ:
Nerve Plexuses
• Brachial Plexus
 ▫ Includes ventral rami of spinal nerve roots
   C5 – T1
 ▫ Innervates pectoral girdle and upper limbs
 ▫ Nerves that form brachial plexus originate
   from
      Superior, middle, and inferior trunks
      Anterior and posterior divisions
      Lateral, medial , and anterior cords
      Smaller branches or named nerves, innervate
       muscles
Nerve Plexuses
• Brachial Plexus
 ▫ Major nerves of brachial plexus
    Musculocutaneous nerve – innervates biceps brachii
    Median nerve – innervates most flexors of the
     forearm
    Ulnar nerve – innervates medial portions of the
     hand
    Axillary nerve – innervates the deltoid
    Radial nerve – innervates most extensors of the arm
     and forearm
Nerve Plexuses
Picture
of
Brachial
Plexus
in Situ
Nerve Plexuses
• Picture of brachial plexus
Nerve Plexuses
• Lumbar Plexus
 ▫ Includes ventral rami of spinal nerves T12 –
   L4
 ▫ Major nerves
    Obturator nerve – innervates the adductors of
     the hip
    Femoral nerve - innervates the quadriceps
     femoris muscle group
Nerve Plexuses
Picture of
Lumbar
Plexus
Nerve Plexuses
• Sacral Plexus
 ▫ Includes ventral rami of spinal nerves L4 –
   S4
 ▫ Major nerve
    Sciatic nerve – longest and largest nerve in
     the PNS
     Innervates the flexors of the knee and foot
     Branches into
      ▫ Fibular nerve – innervates part of the hamstrings
        and anterior tibialis m.
      ▫ Tibial nerve – innervates part of the hamstrings
        and the gastrocnemius and soleus mm.
Nerve Plexuses
Picture
of the
Sacral
plexus

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Spinal nerves and spinal plexuses cdp final

  • 1. Spinal Nerves and Spinal Plexuses SLIDES AND NARRATION BY MARY KLINGER
  • 2. Nerve Plexuses • Complex, interwoven networks of nerve fibers • Formed by blended fibers of ventral rami of adjacent spinal nerves • Mixed nerves. • Control muscles of the neck and upper and lower extremities • Receive sensory information from skin superficial to muscles.
  • 3. Nerve Plexuses The four major plexuses made from ventral rami 1. Cervical plexus 2. Brachial plexus 3. Lumbar plexus 4. Sacral plexus
  • 4. Nerve Plexuses • Cervical Plexus ▫ Includes ventral rami of spinal nerves C1 – C5 ▫ Innervates muscles of the neck, thoracic cavity and diaphragm ▫ Major nerve  Phrenic nerve - innervates the diaphragm and contains fibers from C3, C4, and C5.
  • 5. Nerve Plexuses • Picture of cervical plexus in situ:
  • 6. Nerve Plexuses • Brachial Plexus ▫ Includes ventral rami of spinal nerve roots C5 – T1 ▫ Innervates pectoral girdle and upper limbs ▫ Nerves that form brachial plexus originate from  Superior, middle, and inferior trunks  Anterior and posterior divisions  Lateral, medial , and anterior cords  Smaller branches or named nerves, innervate muscles
  • 7. Nerve Plexuses • Brachial Plexus ▫ Major nerves of brachial plexus  Musculocutaneous nerve – innervates biceps brachii  Median nerve – innervates most flexors of the forearm  Ulnar nerve – innervates medial portions of the hand  Axillary nerve – innervates the deltoid  Radial nerve – innervates most extensors of the arm and forearm
  • 9. Nerve Plexuses • Picture of brachial plexus
  • 10. Nerve Plexuses • Lumbar Plexus ▫ Includes ventral rami of spinal nerves T12 – L4 ▫ Major nerves  Obturator nerve – innervates the adductors of the hip  Femoral nerve - innervates the quadriceps femoris muscle group
  • 12. Nerve Plexuses • Sacral Plexus ▫ Includes ventral rami of spinal nerves L4 – S4 ▫ Major nerve  Sciatic nerve – longest and largest nerve in the PNS  Innervates the flexors of the knee and foot  Branches into ▫ Fibular nerve – innervates part of the hamstrings and anterior tibialis m. ▫ Tibial nerve – innervates part of the hamstrings and the gastrocnemius and soleus mm.