1. Chapter 5

2. Section 1

3. Amount of particles/material in a
certain area

4. Movement of particles from an area of
high concentration to an area of lower
concentration

5. Permeable membrane: membrane that
lets molecules pass through it
Cell membranes are selectively
permeable because only certain
molecules can pass through

6. Cells need materials from their
environment, such as food, water,
minerals.
They also need to get rid of waste
molecules and move materials to
other parts of organism
Cells don’t need to use energy for
particles to diffuse

7. Osmosis: diffusion of water through a
selectively permeable membrane (cell
membrane)

8. How can osmosis prevent a plant from
wilting?

10. 2 types of transport
1.Passive transport: particles are
moved from areas of high
concentration to areas of lower
concentration without the cell having
to use any energy to do it

11. Water and Oxygen can diffuse right
through the cell membrane because of
their small size
Sugar and amino acids aren’t small
enough so they have to go through
protein “doorways” in the cell
membrane

13. 2. Active Transport: movement of
particles from areas of low
concentration to an area of high
concentration
Cells must use energy (ATP) to do this
type of transport

15.  Gases diffuse approximately 10,000
times faster in air than in water. If a gas
diffuses to fill a room completely in 6
minutes..
 How long would it take the gas to fill a
similar volume of still water?
 How many hours would that be?
 How many days?

16. Endocytosis: cell membrane
surrounds a particle and encloses it
in a vesicle
This is how large particles, even other
cells, can be brought into a cell

18. Exocytosis: vesicles are formed at the
ER or Golgi and carry particles to the
cell membrane
This allows large particles to be
removed from the cell

20. Section 2

21. Nearly all of the energy that fuels life
comes from the Sun

22. Process by which plants are able to
capture light energy from the sun and
change it into food
Chlorophyll captures the energy and
the plant cell uses it to change CO2
and H20 into food, the simple sugar
Glucose (C6H12O6)

23.  Glucose is a carbohydrate
 When plants make glucose, they’re converting
the sun’s energy into energy that can be stored
 6CO2 +6 H2O + Light energy  C6H12O6 + 6 O2

24. Food has to be broken down so that the
energy it contains can be converted into a
form your cells can use

25.  Glucose is broken down into CO2 and H2O and
energy is released
 A lot of the energy is stored in the form of ATP but
most of the energy is released in the form of heat.
 This helps to maintain the body’s temperature

26. Takes place in mitochondria
Uses oxygen to break down the food
C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6H20 + energy (ATP)

28. Occurs when your muscle cells don’t get enough
oxygen to produce ATP through cellular
respiration
Fermentation releases energy from sugar
molecules without using oxygen

29. Produces 18x less ATP than cell respiration
Also produces Lactic Acid instead of CO2 and H20
Lactic acid is what causes the burning sensation
and fatigue in your muscles

30. You have been given the assignment of restoring
life to a barren island.
What types of organisms would you put on the
island?
If you want to have animals on the island, what
other organisms must be on the island as well?
Explain your answer.

31.  1. Why are producers important to the survival of all
other organisms?
 2. How do the processes of photosynthesis and
cellular respiration relate to each other?
 3. What does breathing have to do with cellular
respiration?
 4. How are respiration and fermentation similar?
How are they different?